Prepared by: Rassylbek Zhansaya Checked by: Tungatarova L.I.

Political systems of Russia and North Korea in the view of conservative political theory.

Content:
1) Main characteristics of conservative approach. 2) The role and the place of political system in conservative method. 3) The role and the place of Russians and North Korean Political systems from the point of conservative view. 4) References In the past almost everybody misapprehended the concept of conservatism and liberalism, these concepts were understood in bad side. They understood that liberalism is very opened and free, and conservatism is unchangeable and closed. But nowadays people are interested in these tendencies. Conservatism is ideology that directed on saving and supporting of existing forms of social and political life. Marxism and liberalism on principle are progressive ideologies, and Conservatism doesnt accept progress. One of the features of conservatism is absence of clear formed ideology conception, in different time conservatism had different forms. At XVIII - XIX centuries conservatism called classical conservatism that expressed interests of feudal aristocracy and clergy. In conservatism the church has important role, because one of the characteristic of conservatism is religious thought of people. In imperative of national revival said: Conservatism - is fidelity itself, its historical and spiritual path, an ability to save open, not come under somebody's influence. Conservatives think that existence of inequality in society is normal phenomenon, in conservatism elite has to exist in the head of power. And people are equal only before God and law. In conservatism are respected the following values: tradition; historical unity of the past, present, future; priority of interests of government over individuals interests. In 70s years of the previous century appeared new current that is called new conservatism. The main characteristic of new conservatism is that there are convergence of conservatism and liberalism. They adopted some ideas of social developing, democratization of political and social relations. In economic new-conservatives are in favor of market economy and free business. They also insist on the need to form a strong government and maintaining position in the society of a strong state, neo-conservatives, seeing the main reasons many of the negative effects of excessive government interference in the affairs of civil society, went to a limitation of state interventionism;

In politics the elite is very important, because they has necessary, professional knowledge. They are against of state social programs, because they consider that it gets into social equalization. In neo-conservatism the idea of progress is not denied, but it is necessary that development is organic and history (past) is not destroyed. The democracy, from the point of view of conservatism, is just organized violence of majority over the minority. The democratic order in a state doesnt unite, it separates and opposes people. It does not rely on moral-political unity of society. True state state is organic in form and nature. And it unites not only people who live now, and also ancestries and descendants. It is organism with own fortune, undivided on individual fortunes, with common interest, that is not sum of interests of private persons. Things have to be called by their own names and be on their own places this is the basis of conservatism.

2) The role and the place of political system in conservative method: Nowadays in the world there are cardinal changes in social economic, political and social cultural sphere. These changes led to considerable correction of main values of main trends of social- political thought of liberalism, conservatism, socialism. The assessment of role of government, scientific and technical progress, democracy and other important components of society, changes. Conservative recognizes that political authority is important value. It personified by authority of government. Its a symbol of power of nation, object of pride and guarantee of private property. But conservatives consider that people in the head of power also can have faults. Therefore they treat to governments super activity with restraint or sometimes negatively. Conservatives support and supported strong government. Functions, that have to be carried out by government, were different depending on stage of developing conservatism. But the following features were always obligatory: strong and independent external policy, protecting of rights of humans and private property, supporting of public order, the fight against crime, saving of cultural legacy and customs and tradition of nation. Conservatism gives to government principal role, because conservatives consider that government is source and protector of moral and law. Guarantee of stabilized existing of society, from point of view of conservatives, is patriarchal government. The power is divine in origin. But the power of monarch and elite determined not only by sacred authority. In the head of power is elite, that carrier responsibility for fortune of society. But recently conservatism, as liberalism, begun to oppose to government intervention in economic that can brake developing of free market, competition. All people cant be equal, because conservatism opposite to socialism, socialism demands social equality. In case of need to choose between individual person and society, many of conservatives tied for first place society. In their point of view society is bigger than government, in historical, logical ethic side society is higher than individual person. The rights of individual person have social character: because he can use these rights only in organized society. The government is arm of society that has to provide and

protect natural rights of human. Conservatism understands society as a special reality that has its own inward life and fragile structure. Conservatives consider that society is alive and complex organism, and nobody can rebuild that society as machine. One of the most influential form of political consciousness affecting on content power relations is political ideology. With help of political ideology, political actions gain concrete direction. Mass emotions, sense of protest or solidarity, supporting or indignation canalize through ideology. Ideology conceptualize view of people about political situation, tries to make understandable political changes. Conservatives consider that the best political ideology is conservative. Conservatism in ideological plan can take the different forms. Followers of liberal individualism were called conservatives and shown their reactions on supposed changes. Conservatism was just political reaction, only after formed as tend. In conservatism the main value is saving of tradition of society, its institutes, belief. As ideology conservatism was formed as reaction on Horrify of French revolution. Ideology of conservatism is regarded as one of the most important structural components of political ideologies. Bearers of ideologies of conservatism are social groups or classes that interested in saving of tradition orders or in their restoration. In structure of conservatism there are two ideological measures. The first orients on supporting of stability of social structure in its unchanged form, the second on removal of oppose political forces and tendencies and restoration, reproduction of former. In this context conservatism appears as political ideology and as appeal to lose. In different political cultures conservatism perceived differently. Political culture is a historically formed system, relatively steady and that includes experience of precede generation views, installation, notions, models of behavior. They manifested in activity of subjects of political process and provide reproduction of political life of society on the basis of succession. Conservative political culture has such factors as the influence of individual personality, the presence of some liberal agents of political socialization, the national news media, and the migration of people into the state mean that the dominant political culture is being challenged and modified by competing cultural values. Conservatives consider that saving of past can relieve all stress of present and therefore has to be as moral duty relatively to future generation. Consequently, these principles deny optimism of liberal ideology from social progress, spirit of individual freedom which, from the point of view of conservative, destroys integrity of human community. In the world now in conservatism distinguished three trends: traditionalistic, liberalistic and new-conservative. They closely interlace, interact between them, saving their features of evolution, own origins and creating not uniform structural whole, that called now in the world as modern conservatism. Mass media: Media is one of the most important elements of the political system. They perform multiple functions: to inform, advertise, entertain. Obviously, they play an important role in the formation, function, and evolution of social consciousness in general. Moreover, the perception and interpretation of the most important events and

developments in the country and the world at large, through and with help of the media. Today two main points of view prevail on the place and role of media in society. One sees them as authority, the other - as a body of civil society organizations. From here there is a kind of double standard in the evaluation of mass media, based on - a complex interaction, a real contradiction between the two main functions of the media. On the one hand, they are designed to provide information services to the process operation of the authorities, on the other - their task is to ensure the implementation of the information the diverse needs and interests of individuals, social groups and groups of civil society. In a healthy social organism the conflict is resolved in a constructive dialogue between the government and society, the productive activities of all the units and their citizens.

3) The role and the place of Russians and North Korean Political systems from the point of conservative view. Russia: Conservatism in Russia now is not new phenomenon. The main feature of conservatism is religious consciousness, and in Russia: The main characteristics of Russian conservatism are conditioned by fundamental characteristics of religious consciousness of Russian people. Therefore Russian conservatism cant be different from conservatism of Anglo-Saxon, with its adherence to individualism and installation on protecting of private property. The main features of Russian conservatism as theoretically formed political movement: traditionalism in political sphere; adherence to concept of supernatural origin of state power and idea of limitedness; social organicizm (a society as one biological organism); adherence to orthodoxy, as study and necessary , but only after government; Recognition of religious- national exclusiveness of Russian people. Uvarov said that Russia is strong by its unexampled unanimity here tzar loves the country in the person of nation and rules them as father, follows by laws, and nation cant separate country from tzar and see in him their joy, force and glory. The political party United Russia became a cradle for conservatism, this factor we can understand from the name of this party. Conservatism in Russia becomes more claimed in comparison with liberal individuals. Because nowadays liberalism in Russia just led to increasing of corruption. Russia long ago wanted to go over to conservatism, why? Socialistic ideology implemented in Russia many years and exhausted all its attractiveness for society. What about liberalism?! Ideology of liberalism gave so sad results as the collapse of the USSR. So, we have only conservatism. United Russia declared about adherence to values of conservatism. First of all, it is about value as tradition. In program document of party

there is: Our ideology differ our party from opponents and antagonists. The Party followed by principle Save and increase. Saving of values and traditions, increasing of potential of the country through innovation developing this is the way of Russia of the leaders of XXI century. Conservative moment in ideology of party United Russia expressed clearly than in ideologies of other Russian parties. Russians doesnt tend to social and economic equalization of all people of society. They consider that national consensus is most important, in conditions of which economic and politic elite takes one of the most hard and difficult functions. Elite, whatever way it is not recruited should promote freedom, prosperity, conservation, economic and spiritual well-being of the Russian people, ensuring him a decent standard of living. In Russian conservatism government has important role, they believe that its necessary to support solid state sovereignty on whole territory of Russia. Any other international organizations cant have even small part of that sovereignty. But Russian political conservatism is positive to institutes of democracy that can influence on stability of modern society. But for conservatives government cant be a fetish. Conservatives recognize the legitimating of state institutes, but from the point of view of Russian conservatives, if there are people who cant perform duties properly, they will lose their legitimating. Russian political conservatives defend harmony of state power and Russian civil society. All Russian political culture springs from reliance to collective. There is a base of socialconservatism but its not complete. Elites of Russia orients on Deep Purple, in comparison with monarch system. They continue to be Europeans. Conservatives believe that the social group is superior to the individual, but the human rights stems from his duties. If according to liberalism society created for man, the ideological conservatism of the opinion that there is a man to society, and do not think without the society, as the highest integrity. To maintain order in society conservatives think it necessary to have a strong state. They, unlike liberals appreciate it as a tool of political values. Authority and public order in general, they put above individual freedom. The policy document of the party "United Russia notes:" Our absolute priority - people. Russia suffered through this priority - for centuries the price of human life has been almost negligible. All human rights proclaimed by the Constitution and international law, for us to have the same, unconditional and high value, whether it is the freedom of speech, freedom of movement, access to culture, the right to housing or social services. "But the actual practice of "United Russia" reflects its preference order, the social whole to natural unpredictability of personal preferences of individuals. Many Russian conservatives consider that there is necessary of joining religion feeling and political knowledge. They consider that guarantee of developing of Russia is in stratification of nation, when every human serves for common interests. And class and limited interests

are in direct depending on states interests. Some Russian conservatives consider that inequality is very necessary for Russian conservatism. Conservatism considers society as natural organic product of gradual historical growth. Here grow is opposed to make, because conservatism is against to any artificial intervention in process of social evolution. This is organicizm of conservatism. The same organicizm is also characterized for United Russia.

North Korea: last time North Korea and South Korea attract more attention in the world. Why?! Cause is that the relations between them are strained, any attempts of solving problems are unsuccessful. Why these two countries cant find common decision to regulate relations?! The thing is that they have different political regimes. South Korea wants to achieve success as soon as possible, and North Korea tries to find a way to save totalitarian regime on basis of conservation of stability and custom, that have been inherited from kimirsen regime. North Korea has a centralized government under the rigid control of the communist Korean Workers' Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong. A few minor political parties are allowed to exist in name only. Kim Il-sung ruled The latter post was abolished following Kim Il-sungs death and the title of the Eternal President of the Republic was established and given to Kim Il-sung. Little is known about the actual lines of power and authority in the North Korean Government despite the formal structure set forth in its constitution. Following the death of Kim Il-sung, his son, Kim Jong-il, inherited supreme power. What is ideology now in North Korea? Head of government continues to build socialism, but he does that unsuccessfully. Country deeper and deeper goes into crisis. From the point of view of conservatism, North Korea tries to save its own regime, traditions, that dont want to interact with other countries. On the latest stages socialists behave as conservatives, the same situation is in North Korea. Some of people consider that North Korea is an example of mass marasmus. Socialism is a mixture of militarism, conservatism and nationalism. North Koreas society has almost the same role as in conservatism. North Koreas social structure characterizes by the following rigidly hierarchy: an unequal society. At the apex are rulers (as in conservatism), next is small elite of Korean Workers Party officers, then a larger group of KWP cadres. The last one is majority of the population. At the bottom of their social political pyramid are political suspect, including those who have suspect relatives. The treatment of people is largely determined by political criteria. The media of North Korea is the most strictly controlled in the world. The government provides a freedom of speech, but government dont allow to media say the truth. In this country private press doesnt exist. So the role of mass media isnt so important.

However mass media is the device in the hands of government, government rules by society through media, because society knows everything from mass media. The media effectively paints the country in a positive light, they describe itself as paradise on earth (that is lie=)). With this, it encourages the population to adopt the social lifestyle. The general population of North Korea doesnt have internet access, but the people have access to an internet that set up by government. North Korea itself has a limited presence on the internet that says about iron curtain. References:
http://all-politologija.ru/ru/konservatizm http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm http://www.apn.ru/publications/article10058.htm http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/north-korea/SOCIETY.html http://www.pravo.vuzlib.org/book_z1700_page_46.html http://lib.rus.ec/b/193357/read