Assignment B3

Physical Metallurgy
Dewi Lestari Natalia Fakhrul Razan Ghozali Suprobo Haposan Edward Daniel Vincent Irawan

Departement of Metallurgy and Material Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia Depok 2011

Assignment B3: Strengthening Mechanism

The Case:
Two types of Dual Phase (DP) steel are available: DP500 and DP800. The nominal composition of each type is provided in Table 1. The processing of the two steel was as follows: (i) continuously cast to slabs (ii) reheated in the slab reheating furnace (iii) hot rolled (iv) cold rolled (v) continuous annealing at 760 oC (vi) subsequently followed by rolling at 300 oC, then quenched into water. The DP500 was rolled at 0.6 %, while the DP800 was rolled at < 0.2 %. Processes (v) and (vi) is illustrated in Figure 1. The resulting microstructures are provided in Figure 2.
Table 1: Nominal chemical composition (wt%), Fe balance. Steel Grade C Mn Si Nb DP500 0.08 0.65 0.3 DP800 0.13 1.50 0.2 0.015 760 oC Temperature (v) (vi) 300
oC

6. Explain the role of martensite in contributing to the strength of the alloy. (10 marks) 7. How do you think the effects of combination of martensite and ferrite in the DP steel? (10 marks) 8. By analyzing all given information, please predict, which alloy possesses higher hardness and strength? Please explain. (10 marks).

rolling

Room temperature

Time Figure 1. Process (v) continuous annealing, and process (vi) rolling at 300 oC.

Questions:
1. Explain the possible solid solution strengthening operates in the two alloys. (10 marks) 2. Please note the grain morphology of the steel. Does rolling affect the shape/morphology of the grain? Will rolling affect the strengthening of the two steel. Please elaborate your answer. (15 marks) 3. The main role of Nb is as the grain refiner. Measure the decrease of grain size (in %) by the addition of Nb. (15 marks) 4. Is the grain refinement (in no. 3) caused ONLY by Nb addition? Is there any other factor that may reduce the grain size in DP800? Please explain. (15 marks) 5. What do you think the white spots revealed in the ferrite structures in DP500 steel? These white spots are no longer prominent in DP800 steel. Will and how the white spots affect the strength of the steel? Please elaborate your answer. (15 marks)

Figure 2: SEM-pictures of the DP500 and DP800 steel, with the rolling direction (RD) horizontally and the normal direction (ND) vertically. The martensite grains appear as light areas and the ferrite grains as dark gray areas.

Answer

5. Kelarutan Si adalah sekitar 0,18 %, sedangkan kadar unsur pada DP500 adalah 0,3 % dan

pada DP800 adalah 0,2 %. Maka dapat kita lihat dari gambar DP500 terdapat butiran putih yang lebih banyak dari DP800. Butiran putih pada gambar DP500 adalah unsur Si yang jenuh
akibat dari jumlahnya yang melebihi batas kelarutan maksimunnya, sehingga Si terbentuk diluar. Butiran putih inilah yang disebut precipitates. Maka dilihat dari gambarnya, terdapat butiran

putih yang lebih banyak pada DP500 daripada DP800. Oleh karena pada DP500 terdapat banyak butiran putih yang disebut precipitates, sementara precipitates yang banyak dapat menghambat pergerakan dislokasi, maka DP500 akan jauh lebih kuat daripada DP800.