NS2-Persian Manual

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/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/bin
/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/unix
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Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/otcl-1.11
Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/lib
Export TCL_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/library
12
;\ ns-simple.tcl 4 6
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export DISPLAY=:0.0
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trace
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set ns [new Simulator]

set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
;\ nam c
trace 4 6 .]
finish L ) @ 0 6 A 'Y 2
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
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$ns run
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ns example1.tcl )1.
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;' '3 1C out.nam

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#Create a simulator object

#Open the nam trace file
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the trace file
close $nf
#Execute nam on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
# Insert your own code for topology creation

# and agent definitions, etc. here
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds simulation time

$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
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# Writing a procedure called "test"

proc test {} {
set a 43
set b 27
set c [expr $a + $b]
set d [expr [expr $a - $b] * $c]
for {set k 0} {$k < 10} {incr k} {
if {$k < 5} {
puts "k < 5, pow = [expr pow($d, $k)]"
} else {
puts "k >= 5, mod = [expr $d % $k]"
}
}
}
# Calling the "test" procedure created above
test
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# Create a child class of "mom" called "kid"
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Class $D0
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# Create a class call "mom" and

# add a member function call "greet"
Class mom
mom instproc greet {} {
$self instvar age_
puts "$age_ years old mom say:
How are you doing?"
}
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# and overide the member function "greet"

Class kid -superclass mom
kid instproc greet {} {
$self instvar age_
puts "$age_ years old kid say:
What's up, dude?"
}
# Create a mom and a kid object set each age
set a [new mom]
$a set age_ 45
set b [new kid]
$b set age_ 15
# Calling member function "greet" of each object
$a greet
$b greet
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set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
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$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

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proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create two nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
#Create a duplex link between the nodes
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24
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time

$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
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n1 2
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#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
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agent H
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set null0 [new Agent/Null]

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$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"

$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
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proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
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26
#Create two nodes

set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
#Create a duplex link between the nodes
#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n1
#Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink
#Schedule events for the CBR agent
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
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set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
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$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
28
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right

; 1 '3 1C
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$udp0 set class_ 1

$udp1 set class_ 2
j . flow id
;\
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$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Red
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#Define different colors for data flows
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32
$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Red
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create four nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
#Create links between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n2 1Mb 10ms SFQ
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right
#Monitor the queue for the link between node 2 and node 3
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5
$udp0 set class_ 1
33

$udp1 set class_ 2
#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n3
#Connect the traffic sources with the traffic sink
#Schedule events for the CBR agents
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
34
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for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {

set n($i) [$ns node]
}
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for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {

$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail
}
;' 0 45. I3 :\ 45. L 2 0 ) C 2 % 3 2
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#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)

$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0
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37
$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0

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$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)
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#Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing
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39
$ns rtproto DV

proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create seven nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
set n($i) [$ns node]
}
#Create links between the nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail
}
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)
$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0
#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n(3)
40

$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0
#Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink
#Schedule events for the CBR agent and the network dynamics
$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)
$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
41
42
1 456
ns ) ' '% 4*# = @ 0 6 A

\ )
\ 2
2 H @ ) 0 0 I!3 1C 6 A ) ping protocol

\6) @
@ 1#
)0
;' 2 F
' '% 4*# = H
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456
' 0 L ) \0 = H 3 2
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;\6 2
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!=
.( ' ~ ) 0 '0 0 \ kV
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) .C
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4 6H +
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4 6
;
'3 1C L M.
struct hdr_ping {
char ret;
double send_time;
};
1 '
ping = 2
> 7 ) 'Y
0 '
.]
)L )
' ping ' !2
'. 6 z X
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W]a send_time !!d. ;' '3 1C
3) 0\
;' '3 1C > 7 \ 2

;' 0
Y#Agent h 0
@1^
) PingAgent h 0
\6) @
'0 *#
43
class PingAgent : public Agent {

public:
PingAgent();
int command(int argc, const char*const* argv);
void recv(Packet*, Handler*);
protected:
int off_ping_;
};
Y# c1
3 !!d.
) recv() command()
\o )
'
\ ;' '3 1C
3'.
'0
Y# ) '
-. ping \0 = H '
;\
off_ping_
' 3 1C _ @
&'
C ) Z1$Y
e
/*
* File: Header File for a new 'Ping' Agent Class for the ns
*
network simulator
*
*/
#ifndef ns_ping_h
#define ns_ping_h
#include "agent.h"
#include "tclcl.h"
#include "packet.h"
#include "address.h"
#include "ip.h"
struct hdr_ping {
char ret;
PingAgent() F #
;' '
D7 !
) ping.h 4 0 '0
'7
)
44
double send_time;
};
class PingAgent : public Agent {

public:
PingAgent();
void recv(Packet*, Handler*);
protected:
int off_ping_;
};
#endif
&C++
3'0
) ;' !
) ( 4 0 )1r 0 \]!
Z '
;'! 0
'
'3
Y# C++ tcl
) ping '
static class PingHeaderClass : public PacketHeaderClass {

public:
PingHeaderClass() : PacketHeaderClass("PacketHeader/Ping",
sizeof(hdr_ping)) {}
} class_pinghdr;
static class PingClass : public TclClass {

public:
PingClass() : TclClass("Agent/Ping") {}
TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) {
return (new PingAgent());
}
} class_ping;
h 0
3'0
3'0 ! O >#)
C++ O >#)
45
Tcl ) I3 0 ' 0
:bind 45. '!M
)1X 3 !!d. 0 \ PingAgent h 0 '

;'
'0 'Y \$]

4 C++ ) I3
h.
PingAgent::PingAgent() : Agent(PT_PING)
{
bind("packetSize_", &size_);
bind("off_ping_", &off_ping_);
}
) ;1
% PingAgent h 0
:\ Agent/Ping h 0
) )1.
'!=
r F # 2
F # '0 ;:Agent::command() \"
H 0 1
1C 6
command() F #
1$ H pa 0 I! 0 S 6 \ $pa send F #
ping agent agent H
)1r ;I! 0 L )
) ( $2)
Tcl )1.
) ping
(.0 = 0 I ) '5
0\
0 '!3 1C : +# parse ) command )1.

0 '!3 1C L )
\"
XC
$
= h 0 ) command F #
; ' . 1 '0 ) TC TC @ !A1# \

int PingAgent::command(int argc, const char*const* argv)
{
if (argc == 2) {
if (strcmp(argv[1], "send") == 0) {
// Create a new packet
Packet* pkt = allocpkt();
// Access the Ping header for the new packet:
hdr_ping* hdr = (hdr_ping*)pkt->access(off_ping_);
// Set the 'ret' field to 0, so the receiving node knows
// that it has to generate an echo packet
hdr->ret = 0;
// Store the current time in the 'send_time' field
hdr->send_time = Scheduler::instance().clock();
// Send the packet
send(pkt, 0);
// return TCL_OK, so the calling function knows that the
// command has been processed
Z1X command()
46
return (TCL_OK);
}
}
// If the command hasn't been processed by PingAgent()::command,
// call the command() function for the base class
return (Agent::command(argc, argv));
}
'
ret 'D!6 2 ;I!3
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0 '
ret 2 ;' '3 1C 9
ret 'D!6 ' '3 1C L )
\ 2
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!!Y# tcl )
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;'3
;'
1C 6 tcl F # H : 1
) D$^ recv() #
) '
) 0 T 1#
)0
!= ! recv() '. @ 4C ) 0 ping.cc 4 0 4 6
/*
* File: Code for a new 'Ping' Agent Class for the ns
*
network simulator
* Author: Marc Greis (greis@cs.uni-bonn.de), May 1998
*
*/
#include "ping.h"
static class PingHeaderClass : public PacketHeaderClass {

public:
PingHeaderClass() : PacketHeaderClass("PacketHeader/Ping",
sizeof(hdr_ping)) {}
} class_pinghdr;
static class PingClass : public TclClass {

public:
47
PingClass() : TclClass("Agent/Ping") {}
TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) {
return (new PingAgent());
}
} class_ping;
PingAgent::PingAgent() : Agent(PT_PING)
{
bind("packetSize_", &size_);
bind("off_ping_", &off_ping_);
}
int PingAgent::command(int argc, const char*const* argv)

{
if (argc == 2) {
if (strcmp(argv[1], "send") == 0) {
Packet* pkt = allocpkt();
// Set the 'ret' field to 0, so the receiving node knows
// that it has to generate an echo packet
hdr->ret = 0;
// Store the current time in the 'send_time' field
hdr->send_time = Scheduler::instance().clock();
// Send the packet
send(pkt, 0);
// return TCL_OK, so the calling function knows that the
// command has been processed
return (TCL_OK);
}
}
// If the command hasn't been processed by PingAgent()::command,
// call the command() function for the base class
return (Agent::command(argc, argv));
}
48
void PingAgent::recv(Packet* pkt, Handler*)

{
// Access the IP header for the received packet:
hdr_ip* hdrip = (hdr_ip*)pkt->access(off_ip_);
// Access the Ping header for the received packet:
// Is the 'ret' field = 0 (i.e. the receiving node is being pinged)?
if (hdr->ret == 0) {
// Send an 'echo'. First save the old packet's send_time
double stime = hdr->send_time;
// Discard the packet
Packet::free(pkt);
Packet* pktret = allocpkt();
hdr_ping* hdrret = (hdr_ping*)pktret->access(off_ping_);
// Set the 'ret' field to 1, so the receiver won't send another echo
hdrret->ret = 1;
// Set the send_time field to the correct value
hdrret->send_time = stime;
// Send the packet
send(pktret, 0);
} else {
// A packet was received. Use tcl.eval to call the Tcl
// interpreter with the ping results.
// Note: In the Tcl code, a procedure 'Agent/Ping recv {from rtt}'
// has to be defined which allows the user to react to the ping
// result.
char out[100];
// Prepare the output to the Tcl interpreter. Calculate the round
// trip time
sprintf(out, "%s recv %d %3.1f", name(),
hdrip->src_ >> Address::instance().NodeShift_[1],
(Scheduler::instance().clock()-hdr->send_time) * 1000);
Tcl& tcl = Tcl::instance();
tcl.eval(out);
// Discard the packet
Packet::free(pkt);
}
}
49
' ping 2 ) $
. 1 F #
0 \ tcl.eval()
'0 1 a 0 I! !
;' ' 3 1C [
1C 6 \$]
( V ) ;1
L R 0 ns *
1 )
1C 6recv F # 0
.$( 1
1C 6 . ) = @ 1 ^ \ 2
[!= (D 6
1 a 0 I! !> '
\6) @
4> ; 1
& Z
\ 6
2 i
Z '! 0 6 A ' '% agent H *
;' )
. `2 '! 0 L $^
H ) ) (
) 1C
7!A1#
) 1C
!!d# '! 1#
. )
ns F>
!!d# 0 I! 0
(D 6
( != ;'! 0
;: !, #ifdef
!!d# C $
-. I3 ' '% \0 =
comment
-.
;' ) ` ns
$ + ) ;\ packet.h 4 6 [
! ping agent
2I)
+ ) ;: !, PT_TELNET PT_TCP 4f '! 0 '!= )

enum O1rC
'Y# packet.h ' [
\0 = c1 H
@Q) ) ;'! 0 6 A ) PT_PING
;: 1 L $^ @ )
# !!d# 3'Y '
' '% @Q)
(*# = ID
D.V
1
3'0
!!d#
0L
- Y# '! 1#
) ' '%
- Y#
!> packet_t{}
enum packet_t {
PT_TCP,
PT_UDP,
......
// insert new packet types here
PT_TFRC,
PT_TFRC_ACK,
PT_PING, // packet protocol ID for our ping-agent
PT_NTYPE // This MUST be the LAST one
};
;'! 0 [
class p_info {
public:
p_info() {
) \ Ping 4
0 D 6 @ $3 ) ) p_info() '
! u$3
50
name_[PT_TCP]= "tcp";
name_[PT_UDP]= "udp";
...........
name_[PT_TFRC]= "tcpFriend";
name_[PT_TFRC_ACK]= "tcpFriendCtl";
name_[PT_PING]="Ping";
name_[PT_NTYPE]= "undefined";
}
.....
}
!, ) 0 '!3
+ ) make depend )1.
'
make )1.
;' 1
!
6 [!=
;'! 0 _) 4 6
3 ) 'M
$# 4 6
) ; 0[
) ) Asent/Ping
4> 0 '!
4 R 04 6
0\
*$
)15
! ) tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl 4 6 '
6 [!= \0 = ' I!e #
TC ;\
! u$3
Y# Tcl
'
Agent/Ping set packetSize_ 64

4 6 '. \]!" ) tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl 4 6 ) ' '% ping
(.0 =
) H '
; 1 '3 1C
! u$3
!> 3'0 *# ;'! 0 _)
{ SRMEXT off_srm_ext_}
{ Ping off_ping_ }} {
set cl PacketHeader/[lindex $pair 0]
(D 6 \]!"
) ping.o 4 6 $ ;
'!3 1C + Makefile 4 6 ) 0 \
;'! 0
;'
sessionhelper.o delaymodel.o srm-ssm.o \

srm-topo.o \
ping.o \
$(LIB_DIR)int.Vec.o $(LIB_DIR)int.RVec.o \
!!d# !!d#
6 A ) ns
!> '
$ \]!"
51
$(LIB_DIR)dmalloc_support.o \
ns )1.0
;'!
) make / # ns )
4 R 0 )
'
&Tcl '0
0
'3 1C
I!3 1C @
I!3 1C @
1C 6 C++ '0 ) recv() F # ' )
) Ping agent
Tcl L f H
4 0 '0 L
ping echo \0 = H 0 . recv L ) 1 a

;'
Agent/Ping instproc recv {from rtt} {

$self instvar node_
puts "node [$node_ id] received ping answer from \
$from with round-trip-time $rtt ms."
}
1 ^ !!d.
I
0 ping @
!.
0\
0\
0 ' '% !a ;\ I(6 4
2 @ :node id
2 )$
.6 2
Agent = h 0
&' . 1 $
#Open a trace file
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
Z ) '
.-2 '0
node_
ping.tcl 4 0 '0
52
}
#Create three nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
#Connect the nodes with two links
#Define a 'recv' function for the class 'Agent/Ping'
Agent/Ping instproc recv {from rtt} {
$self instvar node_
puts "node [$node_ id] received ping answer from \
$from with round-trip-time $rtt ms."
}
#Create two ping agents and attach them to the nodes n0 and n2
set p0 [new Agent/Ping]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $p0
set p1 [new Agent/Ping]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $p1
#Connect the two agents
$ns connect $p0 $p1
#Schedule events
$ns at 0.2 "$p0 send"
$ns at 1.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
53
-# a I! * 1 \6 )
'Y ) ) 'M ret 'D!6 ) 2 ' 0 '!=
+# ) 0
' # $
0 L ;
.6 '3 1C
) %1. I! * 9 ) \!
2 @1a 0 ' 3 1Cping I3

:;' '3 1C TD,
0 )1r $pa send $node \0 = L )

) ping agent H
pa
1# @ ' ) (.0 = $~
!$3 \ 2 \6) @
L 5# @ ' :\
;' )
'!u!= ) 0
*6 & ' ] 1
' '3 1V @ L )
) 3 '0 C '! 1#
2 H node
e
0I0
\6
! u$3
1 ping agent H pa
'. ) .>" ; '. ) node
54
55
) (a 456
Xgraph
48
(.R *
-.
+
3z 2 +
output
17 I!3 1C
-D.V
' 0 I! #
(D 6 I! 1#
L f ) ;I! 0
( ) 0\
% C
(D 6 +
H 0 \ Xgraph !*= ns-allinone

1 a 0
I!3 1C @
[V
-. Xgraph
) (
0 %1# '
.* ;I!3 @
;)
) ;1
-.
^1$+ bR
I! 0 + tcl
! ) H!6 #
3 '0 +
1% Xgraph
& H!6 #
;I! 0 + '
(.$]
!>
% C
(D 6
3 F>
Q1"1=1#
Q1"1=1#
$3 4>
56
;I
) ) ( 4>
(.$] ) 0 ' .]3
3'0 @ $3
!>
3'0
set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
6 A # I] 1 ' L ) H
'
'.
I! 0 T>A ) n2 n0,n1
;' 0 #
3 F>
) 3 F>
(*!6 # 0 I ) '5
3 ' 0 + H!6 # @ 0
proc attach-expoo-traffic { node sink size burst idle rate } {

#Get an instance of the simulator
set ns [Simulator instance]
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to the node
set source [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node $source
#Create an Expoo traffic agent and set its configuration parameters
set traffic [new Application/Traffic/Exponential]
$traffic set packetSize_ $size
$traffic set burst_time_ $burst
$traffic set idle_time_ $idle
$traffic set rate_ $rate
# Attach traffic source to the traffic generator
57
$traffic attach-agent $source

#Connect the source and the sink
$ns connect $source $sink
return $traffic
}
H!6 # ' !2 H!6 # sink H 2 { & !2
( $ F 1#
\ 1!=
*
idle burst
!$A 2 H
[!=
L )
H!6 # F>
*!=
;:H!6 # ' . 6 ' 2 '3 1C
2 'a
0 :H!6 # F> H
3 peak x
L ) n4 2
\0 = '
) ( T 1# '
'
# '!u!= L )
3j
> 0 :H!6 # '
+ Traffic/Expoo
3 . ) = I !0
H!6 # F>
;I! 0
!$A H!6 # F>
:' 0 )
handler
H!6 # @ 0 !$A 4f \
H!6 # ' 0 +
;\ @ X
+ ) H!6 # F> H '. Z L ) ) ;:peak rate _ x
'Y I !0
0 I!e # ) ) '
. )=GL )
3 -!j )
3 F> k!5V#
L )
+ H!6 # bR
I! 0
;:I
H bR ;I! 0
' 1 45. I3
! .
H L ) C )
+ 17
1C L f H
L ;\ ' 0 ! .
-. n3 n1 n0
' 1#
3 2
0
+
sink I! 0
0 + '. ) 0 I! 0
set sink0 [new Agent/LossMonitor]

$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink0
set source0 [attach-expoo-traffic $n0 $sink0 200 2s 1s 100k]
(
;I
0
;' 1
-. H!6 #
-. '
3 sink @ 1 ^
(= >]7
Agent/LossMonitor !
' 1#
0' 0
!Cg ) '! )
Lf
(.
)
) 'M
58
: % C
;I
)0
D>
(.R * ) )
O1rC ;I !0
(D 6 ) 3
) % C4 6
T>A
@1 0 I3
set f0 [open out0.tr w]

;I
!> finish L ) )
+ ))0
;' 1
.] rM H ) (D 6
proc finish {} {
global f0 f1 f2
#Close the output files
close $f0
close $f1
close $f2
#Call xgraph to display the results
exec xgraph out0.tr out1.tr out2.tr -geometry 800x400 &
exit 0
}
0\
*$ ;I
! ) Xgraph *D I .]> ) (D 6 TM6 finish L ) )
1C 6 . [ $
;'
;'] 1
800*400 '
% C
(D 6
Xgraph + = ' 0 '!

) 3
0 I!] 1 ) " ) I! 1#
proc record {} {
global sink0 sink1 sink2 f0 f1 f2
#Set the time after which the procedure should be called again
set time 0.5
#How many bytes have been received by the traffic sinks?
set bw0 [$sink0 set bytes_]
'5 $
L
59

#Get the current time
set now [$ns now]
#Calculate the bandwidth (in MBit/s) and write it to the files
puts $f0 "$now [expr $bw0/$time*8/1000000]"
#Reset the bytes_ values on the traffic sinks
$sink0 set bytes_ 0
$sink1 set bytes_ 0
$sink2 set bytes_ 0
#Re-schedule the procedure
$ns at [expr $now+$time] "record"
}
)
0 '3 1C > 7 ) '

' 0 !!d# '+ H!6 #
(= bR ;' 1C
3 sink ) bytes_
;' 0
) H!6 # sink
3) 'M *
' @
' \6 )
'Y# L )
:MBit/s
[!= % C 4 6
) ( bR ;\ 1 '3 1C (
10
&
!>
&I! 0 ' >

$ns at 0.0 "record"
$ns at 10.0 "$source0 start"
$ns at 50.0 "$source0 stop"
$ns at 60.0 "finish"
$ns run
(.
3 'C) I! 1#
(
%
L
60
'>
) 1C ! o PyE 3
L ) GP ! o ) ;' 1
)15 ) 1C @ q@
1. EPyP )
0c
b=
'
1C 6 record L ) '. )
9PyP ! o ) H!6 #
3 F> bR ; 0 '3 1C
;1
&\
'
) example4.tcl

#Open the output files
#Create 5 nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
#Connect the nodes
proc finish {} {
global f0 f1 f2
#Close the output files
close $f0
close $f1
close $f2
#Call xgraph to display the results
exec xgraph out0.tr out1.tr out2.tr -geometry 800x400 &
exit 0
}
1C 6 finish
)Lf ' 4 0
61
#Define a procedure that attaches a UDP agent to a previously created node

#'node' and attaches an Expoo traffic generator to the agent with the
#characteristic values 'size' for packet size 'burst' for burst time,
#'idle' for idle time and 'rate' for burst peak rate. The procedure connects
#the source with the previously defined traffic sink 'sink' and returns the
#source object.
proc attach-expoo-traffic { node sink size burst idle rate } {
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to the node
set source [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node $source
#Create an Expoo traffic agent and set its configuration parameters
set traffic [new Application/Traffic/Exponential]
$traffic set packetSize_ $size
$traffic set burst_time_ $burst
$traffic set idle_time_ $idle
$traffic set rate_ $rate
# Attach traffic source to the traffic generator
$traffic attach-agent $source
#Connect the source and the sink
$ns connect $source $sink
return $traffic
}
#Define a procedure which periodically records the bandwidth received by the

#three traffic sinks sink0/1/2 and writes it to the three files f0/1/2.
proc record {} {
global sink0 sink1 sink2 f0 f1 f2
set time 0.5
#How many bytes have been received by the traffic sinks?
62

set now [$ns now]
#Calculate the bandwidth (in MBit/s) and write it to the files
#Reset the bytes_ values on the traffic sinks
$sink0 set bytes_ 0
$sink1 set bytes_ 0
$sink2 set bytes_ 0
}
#Create three traffic sinks and attach them to the node n4
#Create three traffic sources
#Start logging the received bandwidth
$ns at 0.0 "record"
#Start the traffic sources
#Stop the traffic sources
63
#Call the finish procedure after 60 seconds simulation time

$ns at 60.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
4*
!> @
3 ) 1$
' '3 1C 3 j Xgraph e7" ' a 'Y '! 0
% )
!> $
0 .
; 1 '3 1C
) ) 0.1Mbit/s ' peak ) L @ %
@ %)
!!d# ) record L ) ) time ) 'M $

;'!3 !!d# 9yP bR
*
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.* ;\ I(
)
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2 L
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0 )1X @ $3
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f ; .6 '3 1C } -# # !!d# 0 ' '!3 1C '!3
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64
65
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ns ) 3
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= 'Y # \V ) D 6 ) 'Y
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^ X & trace !
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ns )
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): 8)
& ' #) >^ trace

trace ) : 8 Z1$Y 3 .]
;' 0
;' 0
trace ) : 8 Z1$Y 3 .] _ C
&Trace/Deque
trace 3 .] z`
&Trace/Drop
trace ) 'Y 2 ) 3 .] \6 )
&Trace/Recv
;' 0
;' 0
;' 0
;' 0
@
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&Trace/Enque
!Cg ) ) @
) .]
'
.]>3 '
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&SnoopQueue/In
&SnoopQueue/Out
&SnoopQueue/EDrop
;' 0
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66
!,
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. 6
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(.! q 3 .] 'Y# '
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trace ! \$] ) 0
3 Snooper T 1# ' \ '

;' 0
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(.!D
QueueMonitor
(.!D
&QueueMonitor
3 1$
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2 \6 ) ) :' )
&QueueMonitorED
^
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QueueMonitor/ED
(.!D
&QueueMonitorED/Flowmon
^
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T 1#
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proc finish {} {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
close $tf
exec nam out.nam&
exit 0
}
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set aggr_thr_file [open thr_.dat w]

set aggr_drops_file [open drops_genC4mt.dat w]
set ft
;' 2
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set mon_ref [$ns monitor-queue $n2 $n3 $ft]

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set link_ref [$ns link $n1 $n2]
set throughput_samples_($link_ref) [new Samples]
set drops_samples_($link_ref) [new Samples]
$throughput_samples_($link_ref) reset
$drops_samples_($link_ref) reset
$ns at 0.0 "record"
) ) monitor-queue
75
proc record {} {
global n1 n2 aggr_thr_file aggr_drops_file
global ns t_u_time_ sent_bytes_ throughput_samples_ drops_samples_
global dropped_bytes_
#get an instance of the simulator
#set time after which this proc should be called again
set time 0.1
#byts no go through the queue
;' 2
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set nbr [$ns link $n1 $n2]

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set qmon [$nbr set qMonitor_]

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set transf_bytes [$qmon set bdepartures_]

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;' 1
reset 3 !!d.
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if { ![info exists t_u_time_($nbr)]} {

set p_simtime 0.0
) 2 )
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76
set used_bw 0.0

set drop_rate 0.0
set sent_bytes_($nbr) $transf_bytes
set dropped_bytes_($nbr) $new_drops
set t_u_time_($nbr) $simtime
}
else {
;1
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set p_simtime [set t_u_time_($nbr)]

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; 2
> 7
!2 1$
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set used_bw [expr (($transf_bytes-$sent_bytes_($nbr))*8)/($simtime$p_simtime)]

set sent_bytes_($nbr) $transf_bytes
; 2
> 7
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Set drop_rate [expr (($new_drops-$dropped_bytes_($nbr))*8)/($simtime$p_simtime)]

set dropped_bytes_($nbr) $new_drops
}
;' 1
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77
!Cg 4 6 ) drop_rate used_bw I3
;' 1
puts $aggr_thr_file "$used_bw"

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set now [$ns now]
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monitor-per0flow
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set flowmon1 [$ns makeflowmon Fid]

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foreach f [$fmon flows] {

set flow_arrs [$f set barrivals_]
set flow_deps [$f set bdepartures_]
set flow_drops [$f set bdrops_]
}
@ 1 ^ ; 1$
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set fclassifier [$fmon classifier]

set flow1 [$fclassifier lookup auto 0 0 1]
set flow_arrs [$flow1 set barrivals_]
&Loss Monitor L f
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$ns set sink0 [new agent/LossMonitor]

. ! !
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proc record {} {
global sink0 f1
set time 0.5
; !2
sink0 ' !2 T 1# ' \6 )
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set now [$ns now]
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class LL : public LinkDelay {

public:
LL();
virtual void recv(Packet* p, Handler* h);
virtual Packet* sendto(Packet* p, Handler* h = 0);
virtual Packet* recvfrom(Packet* p);
inline int seqno() return seqno_;
inline int ackno() return ackno_;
inline int macDA() return macDA_;
'% 2 )
3'. ;' 0
82
inline Queue *ifq() return ifq_;

inline NsObject* sendtarget() return sendtarget_;
inline NsObject* recvtarget() return recvtarget_;
protected:
void handle(Event* e) recv((Packet*)e, 0);
inline virtual int arp (int ip_addr) return ip_addr;
int seqno_; // link-layer sequence number
int ackno_; // ACK received so far
int macDA_; // destination MAC address
Queue* ifq_; // interface queue
NsObject* sendtarget_; // for outgoing packet
NsObject* recvtarget_; // for incoming packet
LanRouter* lanrouter_; // for lookups of the next hop
};
;' $
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set ll_ [new LL]

set ifq_ [new Queue/DropTail]
$ll_ lanrouter [new LanRouter $ns $lan] # LanRouter is one object
# per LAN
$ll_ set delay_ $delay # link-level overhead
$ll_ set bandwidth_ $bw # bandwidth
$ll_ sendtarget $mac # interface queue at the sender side
$ll_ recvtarget $iif # input interface of the receiver
...
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0 '3 1C )
\6 )
\0 = L '%
;\
) )
.(
:' 6
)
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# L '%
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3 !] ) 'M
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3 32 !
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) @ W!# # ) $
L )
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0
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Z ) ;:C++
!= ~ns/tcl/mobility/dsdv.tcl
'
&DSR
\ o n 7.
3 2 0 '!
%1# ;\ Dynamic Routing Protocol
;' 1 ) routing agent T 1# 2 T 1# ' \6 )

'
!]
$#
4*# =
^ X
\0 = 2 1 Ha ' F>
' > '5M h)
'! )
(.0 = $# ' n 7.
!]
^ X
-V 4*# =
3 2)
1 @ -.
\0 = 3 DSR agent )
\0 = 2 ; 0 '3 1C L ) 1D%
) ) \0 =
86
^ X
2 ' 0 \ 1C)
:routing agent
!]
!]
(.0 = s
]$3 2 ; 0 '3 1C broadcast 1C
^ X
3 ]$3
<EE )1= DSR + ) ; 0 '3 1C L ) @
= \6 )
;' ) ) ~ns/tcl/mobility/dsr.tcl ~ns/dsr
(D 6 ) DSR ) ) . !
^ X ;' 0
-.
& TORA
tora
R0 H
h1*Y H !"
QUERY d!= H ) ) '5M H
'5M h) 4
2H
2 3 ) ;\
'5M \
# \0 =
;)
) UPDATE \0 = '5M 1C '5M h)

0 '!
'5M
%1# ; 0 ' 3 1C )
)
) '5M h)
2;1
link reversal I. )1 "
!]
.]
! '5M h)
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3 2 !
% '5M
broadcast )
'0 @ ^ 0 '0
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) '5M h)
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.$0 L1X @ $3 0 @
) CLEAR \0 = '5M h)
1.7 @ 0 n =
L1*# =
2H . ; 1
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>X ( ) L '%
' 0 \ 1C)
2 1 \6
; 0 '3 1C L ) L '%
(.0 = m$r 4 17#
))
0 '
-.
IMEP (Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol) ) tora s )

i \0 = H
4*# =
:ad hoc ) \ o kV
3 2
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3 2
]$3 L 5#
( d!=
; ) ) ~ns/tcl/mobility/tora.tcl ~ns/tora ) . !
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!!d#
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[3 0
HELLO W]a
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&AODV
$3 .>" 0 ' )
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Route Request RREQ 4

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( d!= c1
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3 !] 0 L 5# H
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(* !" ) '(
c1
!] c1
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( d!=
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4*# =
;\ Route Error RERR Route Reply RREP

;' .]3 "1$Y IP '
@ $3 (
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RREQ d!= H ' 1#
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sequence number
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H )
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Hello
]$3 H
%1.
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'0
route discovery
beacon
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s) 2 ) !] 0
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L ) ) RERR d!= H 1C ' !
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route
%1.
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0 1
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Aodv
'5M W!# # ) $ H
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% AODV s ) ;' 0 L ) )
(* !" @ 0 )
0 \ DSDV DSR 4*# =

hop by hop routing
0 ' 3 1C \0
+ )
(.!D
>!0 # F
) 4*# =
DSR 4*# = maintenance
3 2 $# ; 0
-. DSDV 4*# =
;' )
n 7.
2H ; 1
\6 '
;' ) ) ns/aodv and ns/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tc ) . !
^ X
) ) simple-wirless.tcl 4 6 L f
) 0)
0 I!3 1C
MAC Z (Interface Queue)IFQ 8 T ) (link layer)LL O >#) Z 4f 1C

;\ L ! \6 )
L M.
*> p % 4
I!
L 0
88
) . L' q . c1 4f
'! 0 \
3 . )=
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7!A1# ) ; 0 kV
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) *> % c 1 '
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!>
'. )
!] 4*# = c1 q1 )
; ' .-2 !!d. 3

;\ I!
(.R *
TM6
)1>
0 \ val() '
-.
3 !!d.
Y#
5.V
0
#
============================================================
==========
# Define options
#
============================================================
==========
set val(chan)
Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type
set val(prop)
Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model
set val(ant)
Antenna/OmniAntenna
;# Antenna type
set val(ll)
LL
;# Link layer type
set val(ifq)
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue type
set val(ifqlen)
50
;# max packet in ifq
set val(netif)
Phy/WirelessPhy
;# network interface type
set val(mac)
Mac/802_11
;# MAC type
set val(rp)
DSDV
;# ad-hoc routing protocol
set val(nn)
2
;# number of mobilenodes
;I! 0
set ns_
;I! 0
.
+ ) simulator
1$ H main )
D8 \$] ) L
[new Simulator]
1C 6 ) trace-all() L )
) (
3) 'M I ) '5 0
0
3 . )=
) simple.tr 4 6 ' :trace @ 0 L >
>!. = )1e
3 !!d. @ 4C ) NS ) 0 \
I! 0 @ ! '
D 64 6
;I! 0
set tracefd [open simple.tr w]

$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
kV
I!
89
x,y
kV
.>" ;\ 500*500 I!.-2 0 )1X @ $3 ;I! 0
kV
) 1C *>
Q1"1R#
' I3 L
; (x=500,y=500) 1
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
1
) '% ) 'M H @ 1.! ;' '3 1C 9 H!*-# grid )1# ' $3 + )
. ) = @ 1 ^ H!*-#
Q1DR#
; 0 L ) Z ) load_flatgrid
) ) god
; 0 I!3 1C +
create-god $val(nn)
^ X
!Cg
) ) 0
-#
L '% n 7.
hop
'Y
!a $3
2 ;' 0
) '(
X) ; 1
'Y 2
;1
@1 0 I3 ; ) ' ^ X
2 3
-. L M.
1 "
'Y [V
!@
)
-.
^ X b= '
)
1C 6 MAC ! T 1# n 7.
0 '!= !!d# %
3 2 q *> q T!7 \"
!> c
( # 1$ H TM6 0 \
;I )
-.
) `2)
;' '
X ) god
'
god
3 2 'Y#
!>
~)
! God (General Operations Director) D0 L $^ ' 0 \ '3
0\
"1$Y
13
1 "
(D 6
Lf ) 'a 3 ; 1
'Y 2 L M.
1 "
3 2 ) ' 1#
)1C $ )
-. 'Y
ns2.1b6 @Q)
-.
(D 6
Lf
(.!D
-. ; 1
^ ;\
) ) God
'Y
31 "
$
'
!>
0 I! 0 *6
API .>" 0 0 I!3 1C + ) n 7.

; 0 I!3 1C
; 0
Z1$Y
.$0
Y# ~ns/tcl/mobility/com.tcl) create-god L )
'
3 2 +
!> ) (.0)
! )1 hop 'Y#
@'! )
[!= L -.
) )
-.
\]! 1%1 ns2.1b5 @Q) ) ' '%
3 2
3 API
3API & .*
90
Y# 4
API
;I! 0 '
*!= ) ( ' I! 0 + ) ( *
!, IFQ q MAC layer qlink layer q
[!= ) 3 2 0 \
!] 4*# = c1 q : !,
; 0
Y#
>#
]D \V# f
'. )
3 h) c1
*!= API @ 1#
' $3 ) '
;\
# $ns_ node-config -addressingType flat or hierarchical or expanded

#
-adhocRouting DSDV or DSR or TORA
#
-llType
LL
#
-macType
Mac/802_11
#
-propType "Propagation/TwoRayGround"
#
-ifqType
"Queue/DropTail/PriQueue"
#
-ifqLen
50
#
-phyType
"Phy/WirelessPhy"
#
-antType
"Antenna/OmniAntenna"
#
-channelType "Channel/WirelessChannel"
#
-topoInstance $topo
#
-energyModel "EnergyModel"
#
-initialEnergy (in Joules)
#
-rxPower
(in W)
#
-txPower
(in W)
#
-agentTrace ON or OFF
#
-routerTrace ON or OFF
#
-macTrace
ON or OFF
#
-movementTrace ON or OFF
; addressingType: flat %
0 on ) routerTtrace agentTrace
.>" \ NULL 6 [!= )1r

3 ) 'M
! u$3 ;I
qAGT agentTrace ) 'M trace 4 6 ) .' $ trace

2 ;'
kV
; ' kV
3 'D!6
!$+ = )
M 'D!6 !
MAC
@
) !.C
3) 'M
-. flat 6 [!= ) 'M @ $3
0 on ) ( $3 '! 1#
macTrace
RTR
3 2 L M. 1 on
) n 7.
&\
# Configure nodes
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
4*
$#
3 2
+#
$ ;I
routerTrace ) 'M
movementTrace
'
*!= L f )
91
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace OFF
!!d# ) 'Y# 2
@ 1#
) )
for MD ) @1a .>" 0 I! 0
+ ) n 7.
:nn number of node ) 'M !!d#

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node ]
$node_($i) random-motion 0
}
\^
\ 1 I!3 1C
;I!3
) ) 3 2 \!Y 1
L M.
\!Y 1 H (
b= I
)0 c
;# disable random motion
' L Y6 !, + ) 3 2
0 + n 7.
3 2
6 5# \0
0 L ;:\0
#
# Provide initial (X,Y, for now Z=0) co-ordinates for node_(0) and node_(1)
#
$node_(0) set X_ 5.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 2.0
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(1) set X_ 390.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 385.0
!]
92

;I
3 2 L M. >" ;(390,385) ) 1 2
1 '3 1C (5.2) \!Y 1 ) '. ) 0 2
#
# Node_(1) starts to move towards node_(0)
#
$ns_ at 50.0 "$node_(1) setdest 25.0 20.0 15.0"
# Node_(1) then starts to move away from node_(0)
!> 50 ! o ) 0 \
\^
!] !!d#
# )1.
$ns_ at 50.0 "$node_(1) setdest 25.0 20.0 15.0 )1.

! a ; 0 '3 1C \0
15m/s \^
&I! 0
x=25,y=20 '5M
;' .]3 n 7.
3 2 L M.
! ) *!6 # L
# TCP connections between node_(0) and node_(1)

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $sink
$ns_ connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns_ at 10.0 "$ftp start"
; 0 '3 1C + 0 2 F>
I!3 1C kV
) n 7.
3 2 *> % @ 0 reset
>!
2
1# @
! TCP L 5# H ) 0
31)
' $3 L
; 0
93
#
# Tell nodes when the simulation ends
#
$ns_ at 150.0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at 150.0001 "stop"
$ns_ at 150.0002 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd
close $tracefd
}
$ns_ halt" is called at
) @ 3 2 ' '3 1C 1.
;' '3 1C
1C 6 trace 4 6 .] @ 0 " C
!> 150 ! o )
!>
stop{} L ) ; 0 ' 3 1C reset 0 150.0002s
&\ 1 I!3 1C 1 )
4 6 C ) )
!> c
)1.
I3 C )
puts "Starting Simulation..."

$ns_ run
;' ' ) [ $
'Y
6 H ) 3 2 .>" ' ) [ $
) 1)
' 4 04 6L
simple-wireless.tcl
# A simple example for wireless simulation
#
===========================================================
===========
# Define options
#
===========================================================
===========
set val(chan)
set val(prop)
set val(netif)
Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac)
Mac/802_11
;# MAC type
set val(ifq)
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
94
set val(ll)
set val(ant)
set val(ifqlen)
set val(nn)
set val(rp)
LL
;# link layer type
Antenna/OmniAntenna
;# antenna model
50
2
DSDV
;# routing protocol
#
===========================================================
===========
# Main Program
#
===========================================================
===========
#
# Initialize Global Variables
#
set ns_
[new Simulator]
set tracefd [open simple.tr w]
# set up topography object
set topo
[new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
#
# Create God
#
create-god $val(nn)
#
# Create the specified number of mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and "attach" them
# to the channel.
# Here two nodes are created : node(0) and node(1)
# configure node
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
95
-llType $val(ll) \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace OFF
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
}
#
# Provide initial (X,Y, for now Z=0) co-ordinates for mobilenodes
#
$node_(0) set X_ 5.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 2.0
$node_(1) set X_ 390.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 385.0
#
# Now produce some simple node movements
# Node_(1) starts to move towards node_(0)
#
# Node_(1) then starts to move away from node_(0)
96
# Setup traffic flow between nodes

# TCP connections between node_(0) and node_(1)
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $sink
$ns_ connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns_ at 10.0 "$ftp start"
#
#
$ns_ at 150.0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at 150.0 "stop"
$ns_ at 150.01 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd
$ns_ flush-trace
close $tracefd
}
$ns_ run
97
98
I.-3 456
!> ) (.!D
H!6 # L M.
I!
kV
1)
) 0
scen-3-test
'7 H 4C
L M. 4 6 H
Z M. 0 I 0 % ) I!
(D 6 +
*>
1)
2 ? Z M. 0 0 I!3 1C Y L f
!~ %;' 1
-.
D> [V )
) ' a 3 ;'
+ 1 '
6 5# L M. scen-3-test 4 6 ;'
(D 6 ! a;\ ~ns/tcl/mobility/scene h) ) L M.
G [V ) L M.
(D 6
;\ 670m*670m Q1"1R# H 4C )
@1^ 4 6
1 "
(D 6 ) h .
\ ns F 1#
+ setdest 2 L M. ' 0 + CMU
-.
@ 1#
; 0 I!3 1C
H!6 # 1 " 4 6 H
1%1
W5
1 )
'!3 1C
\R *
' 1#
! ( 0'1
+ n 7.
H!6 # F>% )
(.0 = 0 0 + n 7.
. !
3 !a '! 0 '3
;\ cbr-3-test @
2 ? ! TCP CBR
)4 6
)15 CMU TCP/CBR H!6 # ' 0 +
)
)
3 2 ! ! 3 H!6 # 3 2 L M.
~ns/tcl/mobility/scene h) ) ! 4 6
.$]
( % @ 1#
2 ;' 1 L ) 1D%
-.
' 1#
; 0 I!3 1C
0'1
4 6
^
' 1C
;\
) \6 ) qL ) ' 1#
*!6 #
31 " ! a ;\6 2
) ) ( E [V ) 0 ' 1
99
wireless1.tcl ) @
C \R * c
@
!!d# I 0 + 9 \$] ) 0 ) simple-wireless.tcl I ) '5

)
. q LL,MAC 4f ' 1 '
: !,
seed ) 'M H q x,y
6 5# '^ ' 0 +
;' ' \]!"
Y# 0 D>
3 !!d.
'7 q 2 L M. 4 6 q O >#)
) 0I
0 6A
^ ;I ) `
1 "'
!> @ 0
3 . )=
1.
set val(chan)
Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop)
Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif)
Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac)
Mac/802_11
set val(ifq)
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll)
LL
set val(ant)
Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x)
670 ;# X dimension of the topography
set val(y)
670 ;# Y dimension of the topography
set val(ifqlen)
50
set val(seed)
0.0
set val(adhocRouting) DSR
set val(nn)
3
;# how many nodes are simulated
set val(cp)
"../mobility/scene/cbr-3-test"
set val(sc)
"../mobility/scene/scen-3-test"
set val(stop)
2000.0
;# simulation time
!] 4*# = @ 1 ^ (dynamic source routing)DSR
;I! 0
! u$3 ; 1
I
0 + 0 )
.6 !!d# ? n 7.
3 2 'Y#
-. (destination sequence distance vector)DSDV
@ 0 trace
*>
! u$3
wireless1-out.tr 4 6 simulator 1$
*!6 2
)18
#I
)0
'Y
) ! ) (network animator)nam
;'3 @
set tracefd [open wireless1-out.tr w]

;# for wireless traces
set namtrace [open wireless1-out.nam w]

;# for nam tracing
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
L i
)18
100
) val(cp) val(sc)
> 0 O >#)
1 "
(D 6
3 2 L -. :n 7.
3 2 +
;' ' 3 1C
-.
F>
'Y 'Y 2 )
)15 ' '
Y#
#
# Define node movement model
#
puts "Loading connection pattern..."
source $val(cp)
#
# Define traffic model
#
puts "Loading scenario file..."
source $val(sc)
& 1 '3 1C
!>
2 L M. )1.
) scen-3-test 4 6 2
0 ' I!3 1C '! 0 e
$ns_ at 50.000000000000 "$node_(2) setdest 369.463244915743 \

170.519203111152 3.371785899154"
(368.4,170.5) '5M
!> 50 ! o ) 0 \
< 2
;' I!3 1C
TC
!>
rC 4 6
I!.-2 4> [V ) 0 )1X @ $3

3.37m/s \^
! u$3 ; 0 '3 1C \0
$god_ set-dist 1 2 2
#10 0 \
god
'
3 2 ! !]
# #10 > 7
6 5# waypoint I. )1 "
8 5.C @
8 5.C
-. hop
;1
-.
) L M.
^ X
) god
# #10 god
^ X
^ X
1 "
' 1#
~)
; ) _ !.
;'
) @
) `2 )
2
@ 1#
)1.
TC
< 9 2 ! !]
0 '
!>
#
X)
) G E [V ) 0 setdest
(D 6 : 1
! u$3 scen-3-test 4f (D 6
;' 0
;' 0 ) `2
' 1#
(~ns/indep-utilities/cmu-scen-gen/setdest/calcdest) ' 12
S 6 ' a calcdest
;1
-. god
^ X
'
+ L M.
calcdest @
1 "
(D 6 !]-#
101
2 ; 0 '3 1C 4$^ \ )
@
' > W
) `2) 4 6 3 4*
. )
\ 6
.( ' 0 ) '
) 4 6 ad-hockey
) $
\ 6 2 @1a )
2 ;\
) L M.
0 + $ 0 ) L M.
1 " 4 6H
@ ! ) @
ad-hockey
!Cg bR
;' '3 1C + calcdest

12 3
!]
0' 0
> 7
1 )
;'! 0 L $^ !
)18 )
'
1C b= ; '
@ 1#
0\
1%1 L M.
(*# = )
!!d#
!( !] L1X 4!D7#
\ ) \ 6
) 3 2 ! hop 'Y#
e6 8 Y
1 "
% C 4 6 ' 1V
# #10 setdest calcdest
!> ) ) . L' X C
) I3
) I3 1 )
'7
monarch Q = T 1# '
god
0 !] L1X
^ X
&4
L M.
'3
% C)
)
1 "H )
^ X q'0
-.
!]
-. ad-hoc *>
'
CMU 0 # ^ X
-. @ *
Q1"1R# !!d# x @ 0 kV
( V
(*# = : ^ X
'
b 06
">
;1
' a 3 ;I! 0
)
6A )
.!] @' I2
(D 6 '
; ' a CMUTrace \0 = 3
]$3 ) ) 4 0 god
1 " 4 6 O1rC ) )
3'0 nam ) 3 2 !" @ * @ 0 kV

H!6 # [ $ ;\
'3
-. ' 1#
wireless1.tcl 4 6
4 nam ) 3 2 L M. TM6 0 '!

;' '
>!. = 1 3 I!
)
%1#
31 )
# Define node initial position in nam

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
# 20 defines the node size in nam, must adjust it according to your
# scenario size.
# The function must be called after mobility model is defined
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 20
}
&\ ns_run TC 4> TM6 0 I! 0
6 A ) CMUTrace 4 6
^ X
3'
102
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 nn $val(nn) x $val(x) y $val(y) rp $val(adhocRouting)"

puts $tracefd "M 0.0 sc $val(sc) cp $val(cp) seed $val(seed)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 prop $val(prop) ant $val(ant)"
1 "
(D 6 0 ' 1
) \R *
)1.
0 !Cg ) wireless1.tcl 4 6 L
m$r
/ # L ;'
1%1 Z ) '
.-2 6 [!=
;'
!!d# \R *
3 )1.* ) L M.
' $!
1 "
O >#)
;'! 0 %
ns wireless1.tcl
4 6 nam % C 4 6
!!d# X C
wireless1-out.tr
; 0 '!3 1C '3
) 2
CMUTrace % C 4 6 % @' 4 0
\0
nam 4 6
AgentTrace, RouteTrace, MacTrace )

1 I3 1 )
'7 _) C < P 2 4 6
! u$3 ; 0 '3 1C 1
3 \ < P
'Y
;' '3 1C wireless1-out.nam
on/off
3 ) 'M
trace
% Cq
) ; 0 '3 1C L $^ ) \R * 4C movementTrace
3 1 )
'7 ) 9 2 ; 0 ' 1V 1
; 0 '3 1C
&'! 0
I3
!] ) < P !
(.0 =
) wireless1.tcl 4 0 4 6
) L
wireless1.tcl
# A simple example for wireless simulation
#
===========================================================
===========
103
# Define options
#
===========================================================
===========
set val(chan)
Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop)
Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif)
Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac)
Mac/802_11
set val(ifq)
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll)
LL
set val(ant)
Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x)
670 ;# X dimension of the topography
set val(y)
670 ;# Y dimension of the topography
set val(ifqlen)
50
set val(seed)
0.0
set val(adhocRouting) DSR
set val(nn)
3
;# how many nodes are simulated
set val(cp)
"../mobility/scene/cbr-3-test"
set val(sc)
"../mobility/scene/scen-3-test"
set val(stop)
400.0
;# simulation time
#
===========================================================
==========
# Main Program
#
===========================================================
===========
#
# Initialize Global Variables
#
# create simulator instance
set ns_
[new Simulator]
# setup topography object
104

# create trace object for ns and nam
set tracefd
[open wireless1-out.tr w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
# define topology
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
#
# Create God
#
set god_ [create-god $val(nn)]
#
# define how node should be created
#
#global node setting
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(adhocRouting) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF
#
# Create the specified number of nodes [$val(nn)] and "attach" them
105
# to the channel.
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
}
#
# Define node movement model
#
source $val(cp)
#
# Define traffic model
#
source $val(sc)
# Define node initial position in nam
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
# 20 defines the node size in nam, must adjust it according to your scenario
}
#
#
$ns_ at $val(stop).0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop).0002 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
106
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 nn $val(nn) x $val(x) y $val(y) rp $val(adhocRouting)"

puts $tracefd "M 0.0 sc $val(sc) cp $val(cp) seed $val(seed)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 prop $val(prop) ant $val(ant)"
$ns_ run
107
I. 3 456
I!
;' 0
*>
*>
I!
O >#) +
>!. = wireless LAN multihop ad-hoc

0'
I!3 1C W!0 # I!
-.
3 LAN
*> H
wireless1.tcl 4 6 %
>!0 #
!>
( V )
0 + I!
) 4>
) b= ;' 0
;\ `2 I!3 1Cwireless2.tcl I!
3 *>
Q1"1R# 0 '
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I!3 1C !!d# ) D>
108
I!
getaway ' $3 =
) Lf
Q1"1R#
I!3 1C W(0) , W(1)
0\
3 2 ;' ' 45. BS
.]
4* ;' 3
2 c1 ! \0 = L >#
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node0,1,2 I!
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@ ' I!
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1# @
) 0 0 I!3 1C
0 I!3 1V
-. opt() )
) 3 !!d. \]!"
X >#)
-.
val() )
1 " 4 6
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.6
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ad-hoc
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+ ) 0 '!
\]# \R * ) TM6 @
.
'7
\ ;
1>
!!d#
I!3 1C
Z1X !!d.
set opt(adhocRouting) DSDV

set opt(cp)
""
;# cp file not used
set opt(stop) 300
;# time to stop simulation
&I
set opt(ftp1-start)
set opt(ftp2-start)
Y# 1
) TCP
( %c
! u$3
160.0
170.0
;' 1
-.
.]
I!
3 2 'Y#
Y#
O1rC
set num_wired_nodes
2
set num_bs_nodes
1
1
! (.0 = W!# # )
Q1"1R# )
1D%
Z 5#
>#
=
]D
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3 2
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(.0 = I ) ' I]M.]

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ns ) U
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) link 1(- I!]!
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!> W!0 #
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^ X ;I! 0
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23
-.
109
L 5# 1
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-.
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@ ! + ) 0 cluster
1(- ) : 1
3 2 ! (.0 = L >#
3 1
3 1 ;' 0
O1rC set ns [new Simulator] TC 'Y b= ;' '
;'! 0 6 A )
b=
)
Y# ' ) [ $
$ns_ node-config -addressType hierarchical

AddrParams set domain_num_ 2
;# number of domains
lappend cluster_num 2 1
;# number of clusters in each
;#domain
AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num
lappend eilastlevel 1 1 4
;# number of nodes in each cluster
AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel ;# for each domain
Y# >#
]D
Q1"1R# bR
H 3) 3 .
1 )
)
0 'Y# ;:I!
3.
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.
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3 trace
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+ I!
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) trace )
I!e # *> 4* @'

$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y)
'Y# ; 1
Y# 2 1
0' '
\ ; 0 I!3 1C I!e # )
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'. ) Z O1rC )
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WL '
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# 2 :I!
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H 3)
3 1
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;' )
) tracing
!>
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-# ;' 1
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1%
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. 1 wireless2-out.tr
! u$3 ;' 1
110
$ 3 2
+
$# +
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\ ;I! 0 + )
.]
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qI!
O1rC create-god $opt(nn) TC 'Y b= ;'! 0 L ) '
3 2'
) 2 3 >#
]D h)
;'! 0 6 A I!
3 2
# create wired nodes

set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0}
;# hierarchical addresses to be used
for {set i 0} {$i < $num_wired_nodes} {incr i} {
set W($i) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp $i]]
}
;'
=
@
.]
) 0 I! 0 '
3 2 )
;\
node- ) !.C I!e # 4 '>#

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.]
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3 1 +
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3 2 1 @ $3 )
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(.0 = 0 )1r '
I!
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BS(0) 2 )1X !$3 ;' ' 3 1C
.] @ 1 ^
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=
0I)
3 2 + bR
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domain1 I!
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*>
( )
111
h)
) ;\
* ( h)
'.
' .]3 1 H ) 3 2 $3 b= .
;'! 0
Base-station: 1(second domain,1).0(cluster

WL
node#1
:
1.0.1(second
WL
node#2
:
WL node#3 : 1.0.3(fourth node)
.] ; I!3 )
'% 1
;I!
) 2
) ) I!
1
Y (>#
2
]D
I! 1#
Z
'3
) (
0 H ! u$3
=
.]
0).0(first node in
node
in
1.0.2(third
I!3 ) P 1 @ $3 ) ) I!
I! 0 W!0 # I3 ) 3 .
# configure for base-station node

$ns_ node-config adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-macType $opt(mac) \
-ifqType $opt(ifq) \
-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \
-antType $opt(ant) \
-propType $opt(prop) \
-phyType $opt(netif) \
-channelType $opt(chan) \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF
#create base-station node
set temp {1.0.0 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3} ;# hier address to be used for
;# wireless domain
set BS(0) [ $ns_ node [lindex $temp 0]]
$BS(0) random-motion 0
#provide some co-ordinates (fixed) to base station node
$BS(0) set X_ 1.0
$BS(0) set Y_ 2.0
$BS(0) set Z_ 0.0
0 I! 1#
I!
cluster)
cluster)
node)
I! 1#
Q1"1R#
112
# create mobilenodes in the same domain as BS(0)

# note the position and movement of mobilenodes is as defined
# in $opt(sc)
# Note there has been a change of the earlier AddrParams
# function set-hieraddr to addr2id.
#configure for mobilenodes
$ns_ node-config wiredRouting OFF
# now create mobilenodes
for {set j 0} {$j < $opt(nn)} {incr j} {
set node_($j) [ $ns_ node [lindex $temp \
[expr $j+1]] ]
$node_($j) base-station [AddrParams addr2id \
[$BS(0) node-addr]] ;# provide each mobilenode with
;# hier address of its base-station
}
2 node_(0) I!
2
! TCP H!6 #
0 45. I3 ) = .]
;I! 0
3 2
+ ) node_(2) W(1) 2 ! ! u$3 W(0) I!
#create links between wired and BS nodes

$ns_ duplex-link $W(0) $W(1) 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $BS(0) 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(0) $W(1) orient down
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $BS(0) orient left-down
# setup TCP connections
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp1 set class_ 2
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp1
$ns_ attach-agent $W(0) $sink1
$ns_ connect $tcp1 $sink1
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
$ns_ at $opt(ftp1-start) "$ftp1 start"
I!
113

$tcp2 set class_ 2
$ns_ attach-agent $W(1) $tcp2
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink2
% c
n 7.
\ ns
1$^
3 2
^ X .!
! u$3 ' '!3 1C ) I!

!= 1 3 nam ) I!
TCP
1# cp , sc F>
0'
'
) %
(D 6 1 '3 1C wireless1.tcl 4 6 ' $3 '0 !M

) wireless2.tcl
3 2 ! H!6 # '! 0 % ) 1 )
3 2 ! H!6 # I 0 @ !
2 ; 0
3'0
C '
) ) ( '
> 0 )1X @ $3 ) I!
.>" ;:ns
"+ )
3 2 n 7#
L 5# 170 ! o ) ;' '3 1C + W(0) node_(0) 2 ! TCP L 5# 160 ! o ) ;: '

;' '3 1C +
;'! 0
" V \(% )
) wireless2.tcl 4 0 '0
wireless2.tcl
# simulation of a wired-cum-wireless scenario consisting of 2 wired nodes
# connected to a wireless domain through a base-station node.
#
===========================================================
===========
# Define options
#
===========================================================
===========
set opt(chan)
set opt(prop)
set opt(netif)
Phy/WirelessPhy
set opt(mac)
Mac/802_11
;# MAC type
set opt(ifq)
Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
114
set opt(ll)
LL
;# link layer type
set opt(ant)
Antenna/OmniAntenna
;# antenna model
set opt(ifqlen)
50
set opt(nn)
3
;# routing protocol
set opt(cp)
set opt(sc)
""
;# connection pattern file
"../mobility/scene/scen-3-test" ;# node movement file.
set opt(x) 670

set opt(y) 670
set opt(seed) 0.0
set opt(stop) 250
set opt(ftp1-start)
set opt(ftp2-start)
;# x coordinate of topology
;# y coordinate of topology
;# seed for random number gen.
160.0
170.0
set num_wired_nodes
2
set num_bs_nodes
1
#
===========================================================
=================
# check for boundary parameters and random seed
if { $opt(x) == 0 || $opt(y) == 0 } {
puts "No X-Y boundary values given for wireless topology\n"
}
if {$opt(seed) > 0} {
puts "Seeding Random number generator with $opt(seed)\n"
ns-random $opt(seed)
}
set ns_ [new Simulator]
# set up for hierarchical routing
lappend cluster_num 2 1
;# number of clusters in each domain
115
lappend eilastlevel 1 1 4
AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel ;# of each domain
# Create topography object
# define topology
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)
# create God
create-god [expr $opt(nn) + $num_bs_nodes]
#create wired nodes
set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0}
;# hierarchical addresses for wired domain
}
# configure for base-station node
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF
#create base-station node
116
set temp {1.0.0 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3} ;# hier address to be used for wireless
;# domain
set BS(0) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp 0]]
$BS(0) random-motion 0
#provide some co-ord (fixed) to base station node
$BS(0) set X_ 1.0
$BS(0) set Y_ 2.0
$BS(0) set Z_ 0.0
# create mobilenodes in the same domain as BS(0)
# note the position and movement of mobilenodes is as defined
# in $opt(sc)
#configure for mobilenodes
$ns_ node-config -wiredRouting OFF
for {set j 0} {$j < $opt(nn)} {incr j} {
set node_($j) [ $ns_ node [lindex $temp \
[expr $j+1]] ]
$node_($j) base-station [AddrParams addr2id \
[$BS(0) node-addr]]
}
#create links between wired and BS nodes
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $BS(0) 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $BS(0) orient left-down
# setup TCP connections
$tcp1 set class_ 2
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp1
$ns_ attach-agent $W(0) $sink1
117

$tcp2 set class_ 2
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink2
# source connection-pattern and node-movement scripts

if { $opt(cp) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no connection pattern specified."
set opt(cp) "none"
} else {
source $opt(cp)
}
if { $opt(sc) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no scenario file specified."
set opt(sc) "none"
} else {
source $opt(sc)
puts "Load complete..."
}
# Define initial node position in nam
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn)} {incr i} {
# scenario
118
}
# Tell all nodes when the simulation ends
for {set i } {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$BS(0) reset";
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0002 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0001 "stop"
proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd namtrace
# $ns_ flush-trace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
}
# informative headers for CMUTracefile
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 nn $opt(nn) x $opt(x) y $opt(y) rp \
$opt(adhocRouting)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 sc $opt(sc) cp $opt(cp) seed $opt(seed)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 prop $opt(prop) ant $opt(ant)"
$ns_ run
119
120
I( 456
I!
@ $3 I ) '5
) I!
Q1"1R# H ) MobileIP +
I
L ;I 0 + ) =
1 @ $3 1 )
! ForeginAgent(FA)
.]
-.
) I!
*> L 5# 4> \$] )
) ) MobileIP
) ;I!3 Y 1# ' '% 1 )

HomeAgent(HA)
I!
.]
>!. = D>
! u$3 I ) W1
1)
W0 2
;I )
121
' ) [ $
4 ^
1
#Z 5# ! a ;\ 45. FA HA Y %) C
4* )
1% MobileHost(MH) 2
C4 ^ ! 0 )
MH 0 . ;I!
) HA
;:' $
+ MH
'3
(.0 = L ) I!3 1C
FA 1
!!d#
set opt(nn)
set opt(stop)
sc cp
(D 6
!!d# )
1
250
3 2 ! TCP CBR
sc 4 6 ) ;' 1 L ) 1D%
) ' 1% 4 6
!> @ = @
n 7.
\0
%) C
_) C HA 1
Y 1C
3'0 $# )
3 2 'Y#
FA
)0
@*
"M
) Y# \$] ) ;' '
! ) TCP L 5# 0 I ) '5
( % cp 4 6 0 )
1C @1a L f
;I! 0 $
-.
I 0
-. 4> ) 0
1 )
(.0 = 0
0 + n 7.
Q1"1R# H 4C ) 3 2
6 5# L M.
) \6 ) qL ) ' 1#
""
""
;I! 0
set opt(ftp1-start)
;' 0
;# just one MH
;\
set opt(cp)
set opt(sc)
2 { ;\
) wireless2.tcl
0 I!3 1C [
I! 0 + MH L M.
3 !] MobileIP 4*# = T 1# 0 I! 0 '3
4* ) 0 )1X @ $3 1
1C ) 0 ) !A1# )18
;I!3
roaming n 7.
MH W0 ! TCP @ % H 0 I ) '5
.>" ;\ `2 I!3 1C wireless3.tcl

@!
C 4 ^ W1 I!
100.0
kV
) TCP@ % c
)1.
122
.]
32
-. 1 )
I!3
Y
!!d#
)1.
) I!
)1r num_bs_nodes !!d.
3 2 'Y# $!M.] 3 2 'Y# !!d# )
' '3 1C
)15 HA,FA
>!. = 4$^ +
;' '3 1V
set num_wired_nodes
]D
1
Y#
1 H 0
O1rC ' I!e # W#

-#
I! 0
;I!3
D]D
h) \ 6 '
4$^ wireless2.tcl ' $3 %

!!d# ) .
3 . )=@
+ ns
1$ 0 TC < 'Y
) ;'! 0 6 A ) H Q1"1R# W#
r
I! 0
FA
kV

lappend cluster_num 2 1 1
lappend eilastlevel 1 1 2 1
& 0 I!3 1C I!e # ) nam ns trace
(D 6 'Y \$] )

;I ) ' '
) `2
1 ) ;' '3 1C
(
3 h)
:< 9
Py9yP 0.0.0 @ $3 I!
0 1 ' 3 1C .
:P 1
I!
) FA =
1 H
Q1"1R#
3 2 h) I!.-2 4> [V ) 0 )1X @ *3 )
0 H# @ $3 ) 0 I ) ) MH n 7.
!> ) 0 ' a 3 ;I ) <yPyP h)

;
0 I!
.] H
' 3 1C !] !!d# (.0 = 1 a 0 ' I!3 1C
I!
2 HA =
.]
9 I!
1 ) ;\ 1.0.1 1.0.0
0 '3 1C \0
FA 1
MH
123
.* ; 0 I!3 1C + ) FA HA
>X
3 2 ) .C
# I! 0 on ) MobileIP
.]
(# 2H
O1
flag '
0\
' '
> I!
'! 0 %1# + ) '
;' mobileIP ON ) !.C

# Configure for ForeignAgent and HomeAgent nodes
$ns_ node-config -mobileIP ON \
-adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF
# Create HA and FA
set HA [$ns_ node 1.0.0]
set FA [$ns_ node 2.0.0]
$HA random-motion 0
$FA random-motion 0
#provide some co-ord (fixed) to these base-station nodes.
$HA set X_ 1.000000000000
$HA set Y_ 2.000000000000
$HA set Z_ 0.000000000000
$FA set X_ 650.000000000000
$FA set Y_ 600.000000000000
$FA set Z_ 0.000000000000
3 2
0
-.
124
> 0 )1X @ $3 ; 0 I!3 1C + ) mobilehost
' I 0 )
) HA ' L
C 4 ^ @1^
;I! 0 OFF n 7.
COA care-of-address @
;' 12
I3 MH 0
h)
1
!> ) ; 1
!!d# FA
'0
'!= !!d#
.]
MH 2 ; '
mip.{cc,h}, mip-reg.{cc,h}, tcl/lib/{ns-
Y# n 7.
2 MH ! ' \>o (beacon) 2

DY. COA
(D 6 '! 1#
;' $ '3
) L
[!= ) wiredRouting ) !.C
0 ) h) H MH 2 ;I! 0
k!5V# MH
COA ' 0 '!= L M. FA 1
2 +
:MH n 7. @ !
( !
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MH 4C COA
. !
^ X
!"
)18
HA
; 0 '3 1C '!=
) mip.tcl, ns-wireless-mip.tcl}
# configure for mobilehost

# create mobilehost that would be moving between HA and FA.
# note address of MH indicates its in the same domain as HA.
set MH [$ns_ node 1.0.1]
set node_(0) $MH
set HAaddress [AddrParams set-hieraddr [$HA node-addr]]
[$MH set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress
# movement of the MH
$MH set Z_ 0.000000000000
$MH set Y_ 2.000000000000
$MH set X_ 2.000000000000
# MH starts to move towards FA (640, 610) at a speed of 20m/s
$ns_ at 100.000000000000 "$MH setdest 640.000000000000 610.000000000000
20.000000000000"
# and goes back to HA (2, 2) at a speed of 20 m/s
$ns_ at 200.000000000000 "$MH setdest 2.000000000000 2.000000000000
20.000000000000"
;\C ' I!3 1C ) ) TCP L 5#
0 I!3 1C + ) FA/HA I!
3 2 ! 3link
125
# create links between wired and BaseStation nodes

$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $HA 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $FA 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $HA orient left-down
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $FA orient right-down
# setup TCP connections between a wired node and the MobileHost
$tcp1 set class_ 2
$ns_ attach-agent $MH $sink1
3 )' 3 $
Y
'
.]
0 1
0\
*$ '! 0
;\ wireless2.tcl ' $3 1 )
' $!
) "warning: Route to base_stn not known: dropping pkt" ' $3
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$ kV
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(D 6 % @' 4 0 'Y ;' 1 L ) '
trace 4 6 ) ; 1
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; 0 '3 1C !!d# MH 1
;' $
wireless3.tcl
'3
!!d# )
+0
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" 1 a 0 ' I!3 1C
) wireless3.tcl 4 0 1 )
126
# simulation of a wired-cum-wireless topology running with mobileIP

#
===========================================================
===========
# Define options
#
===========================================================
===========
set opt(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
;# channel type
set opt(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
;# radio-propagation model
set opt(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set opt(mac) Mac/802_11
;# MAC type
set opt(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
;# interface queue type
set opt(ll) LL
;# link layer type
set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
;# antenna model
set opt(ifqlen)
50
set opt(nn)
1
;# routing protocol
set opt(cp)
set opt(sc)
""
""
;# cp file not used

;# node movement file.
set opt(x) 670

set opt(y) 670
set opt(seed) 0.0
set opt(stop) 250
set opt(ftp1-start)
;# x coordinate of topology
;# y coordinate of topology
;# random seed
100.0
set num_wired_nodes
2
#set num_bs_nodes
2 ; this is not really used here.
#
===========================================================
===========
# check for boundary parameters and random seed
if { $opt(x) == 0 || $opt(y) == 0 } {
127
puts "No X-Y boundary values given for wireless topology\n"

}
if {$opt(seed) > 0} {
puts "Seeding Random number generator with $opt(seed)\n"
ns-random $opt(seed)
}
set ns_ [new Simulator]
# set up for hierarchical routing
lappend cluster_num 2 1 1
lappend eilastlevel 1 1 2 1
# Create topography object
# define topology
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)
# create God
# 2 for HA and FA
create-god [expr $opt(nn) + 2]
#create wired nodes
set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0}
;# hierarchical addresses
}
128
# Configure for ForeignAgent and HomeAgent nodes

$ns_ node-config -mobileIP ON \
-adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF
# Create HA and FA
set HA [$ns_ node 1.0.0]
set FA [$ns_ node 2.0.0]
$HA random-motion 0
$FA random-motion 0
# Position (fixed) for base-station nodes (HA & FA).
$HA set X_ 1.000000000000
$HA set Y_ 2.000000000000
$HA set Z_ 0.000000000000
$FA set X_ 650.000000000000
$FA set Y_ 600.000000000000
$FA set Z_ 0.000000000000
# create a mobilenode that would be moving between HA and FA.
# note address of MH indicates its in the same domain as HA.
set MH [$ns_ node 1.0.1]
set node_(0) $MH
set HAaddress [AddrParams addr2id [$HA node-addr]]
[$MH set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress
129
# movement of the MH
$MH set Z_ 0.000000000000
$MH set Y_ 2.000000000000
$MH set X_ 2.000000000000
# MH starts to move towards FA
$ns_ at 100.000000000000 "$MH setdest 640.000000000000 610.000000000000
20.000000000000"
# goes back to HA
$ns_ at 200.000000000000 "$MH setdest 2.000000000000 2.000000000000
20.000000000000"
# create links between wired and BaseStation nodes
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $HA 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $W(1) $FA 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $HA orient left-down
$ns_ duplex-link-op $W(1) $FA orient right-down
# setup TCP connections between a wired node and the MobileHost
$tcp1 set class_ 2
$ns_ attach-agent $MH $sink1
# source connection-pattern and node-movement scripts
if { $opt(cp) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no connection pattern specified."
set opt(cp) "none"
} else {
130
source $opt(cp)
}
if { $opt(sc) == "" } {
puts "*** NOTE: no scenario file specified."
set opt(sc) "none"
} else {
source $opt(sc)
puts "Load complete..."
}
# Define initial node position in nam
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn)} {incr i} {
# scenario
}
# Tell all nodes when the siulation ends
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$HA reset";
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0 "$FA reset";
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0002 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
$ns_ at $opt(stop).0001 "stop"
proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd namtrace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
}
# some useful headers for tracefile
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 nn $opt(nn) x $opt(x) y $opt(y) rp \
$opt(adhocRouting)"
131
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 sc $opt(sc) cp $opt(cp) seed $opt(seed)"

puts $tracefd "M 0.0 prop $opt(prop) ant $opt(ant)"
$ns_ run
132
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> 7
;1
ns cbrgen.tcl [-type cbr|tcp] [-nn nodes] [-seed seed] [-mc connections]

[-rate rate]
;' 1
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cbrgen.tcl \R *
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133
seed ) 'M
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ns cbrgen.tcl -type cbr -nn 10 -seed 1.0 -mc 8 -rate 4.0 > cbr-10-test
; 1 '3 1C
!> CBR Z 5#
* :CBR ' 0 +
% C cbr-10-test 4 6 )
b=
#
# 2 connecting to 3 at time 82.557023746220864
#
set udp_(0) [new Agent/UDP]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $udp_(0)
set null_(0) [new Agent/Null]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(3) $null_(0)
set cbr_(0) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_(0) set packetSize_ 512
$cbr_(0) set interval_ 0.25
$cbr_(0) set random_ 1
$cbr_(0) set maxpkts_ 10000
$cbr_(0) attach-agent $udp_(0)
$ns_ connect $udp_(0) $null_(0)
$ns_ at 82.557023746220864 "$cbr_(0) start"
F! cbr-10-test 4 6
)
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ns cbrgen.tcl -type tcp -nn 25 -seed 0.0 -mc 8 > tcp-25-test
134
;' '3 1C
!> tcp-15-test 4 6
1$ L 5# H
#
# 5 connecting to 7 at time 163.0399642433226
#
set tcp_(1) [$ns_ create-connection TCP $node_(5) TCPSink $node_(7) 0]
$tcp_(1) set window_ 32
$tcp_(1) set packetSize_ 512
set ftp_(1) [$tcp_(1) attach-source FTP]
$ns_ at 163.0399642433226 "$ftp_(1) start"
135
I3
I!
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31 )
3 2 L M.
1 "4 6 +
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setdest
;' 0
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;'! 0 %
( $2)
) setdest 4 6
./setdest [-n num_of_nodes] [-p pausetime] [-s maxspeed] [-t simtime] \

[-x maxx] [-y maxy] > [outdir/movement-file]
136
! !
10.0m/s \^
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1.373556960010"
(90.44, '5M
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free space model

two ray reflectionmodel
shadowing model
~ns/propagation.{cc,h},
~ns/tworayground.{cc,h}
("'
;\
!=
1%1 ~ns/shadowing
&Free Space Model

(Line Of
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;\
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s)
set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace]

$ns_ node-config -propInstance $prop
&Two Ray Ground h *Y L'

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; 0
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set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]

&:Shadowing Model
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142
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z 7
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# first set values of shadowing model

Propagation/Shadowing set pathlossExp_ 2.0 ;# path loss exponent
Propagation/Shadowing set std_db_ 4.0 ;# shadowing deviation (dB)
Propagation/Shadowing set dist0_ 1.0 ;# reference distance (m)
Propagation/Shadowing set seed_ 0 ;# seed for RNG
$ns_ node-config -propType Propagation/Shadowing
) RNG
;' 0
+ (Random Number Generator)RNG

\ : 6 5# '^ +
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raw seed
pre-defined seed
huristic seed
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set prop [new Propagation/Shadowing]

$prop set pathlossExp_ 2.0
$prop set std_db_ 4.0
$prop set dist0_ 1.0
$prop seed <seed-type> 0 ;# user can specify seeding method
145
; 0 !!Y# <seed-type> ) heuristic raw,predef @ 1#
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146
;\
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-pl <path-loss-exponent> -std <shadowing-deviation> -Pt <transmit-power>

-fr <frequency> -Gt <transmit-antenna-gain> -Gr <receive-antenna-gain>
-L <system-loss> -ht <transmit-antenna-height> -hr <receive-antenna-height>
-d0 <reference-distance>
&
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147
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~ns/tools/rng.{cc, h}, ~ns/tools/random.{cc, h}, ~ns/tools/ranvar.{cc, h},

ns/tools/pareto.{cc, h}, ~ns/tools/expoo.{cc, h}, ~ns/tools/integrator.{cc, h}, and
ns/tcl/lib/nsrandom.tcl
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2 ;\ (9<?BE 6 [!= ) 'M I ) ' seed H I!e #
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# Usage: ns rng-test.tcl [replication number]

if {$argc > 1} {
puts "Usage: ns rng-test.tcl \[replication number\]"
exit
}
set run 1
if {$argc == 1} {
set run [lindex $argv 0]
}
if {$run < 1} {
set run 1
}
# seed the default RNG
151
global defaultRNG
$defaultRNG seed 9999
# create the RNGs and set them to the correct substream
set arrivalRNG [new RNG]
set sizeRNG [new RNG]
for {set j 1} {$j < $run} {incr j} {
$arrivalRNG next-substream
$sizeRNG next-substream
}
# arrival_ is a exponential random variable describing the time
# between consecutive packet arrivals
set arrival_ [new RandomVariable/Exponential]
$arrival_ set avg_ 5
$arrival_ use-rng $arrivalRNG
# size_ is a uniform random variable describing packet sizes
set size_ [new RandomVariable/Uniform]
$size_ set min_ 100
$size_ set max_ 5000
$size_ use-rng $sizeRNG
# print the first 5 arrival times and sizes
for {set j 0} {$j < 5} {incr j} {
puts [format "%-8.3f %-4d" [$arrival_ value] \
[expr round([$size_ value])]]
}
& 1 '3 1C
% ns rng-test.tcl 1
6.358 4783
5.828 1732
1.469 2188
0.732 3076
4.002 626
% ns rng-test.tcl 5
0.691 1187
0.204 4924
8.849 857
4*
% C
152
2.111 4505
3.200 1143
&OTcl ) 3
;' 1
\6 tools/rng.cc 4C )
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10@
OTcl ) RNG h 0
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n=0 2 n RNG seed I!e # & seed n

;1
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;' 2
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# Y 1# & next-substream
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0 '^ H @' 2 & normal avg std

;'
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0 '^ H @' 2 & lognormal avg std
F 1# H
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max min
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;\
;\ k-1 P ! \C 1 * F 1# H
0 !78 '^ H @' 2 & integer k
153
&L f
# Usage: ns rng-test2.tcl [replication number]

if {$argc > 1} {
puts "Usage: ns rng-test2.tcl \[replication number\]"
exit
}
set run 1
if {$argc == 1} {
set run [lindex $argv 0]
}
if {$run < 1} {
set run 1
}
# the default RNG is seeded with 12345
# create the RNGs and set them to the correct substream
set arrivalRNG [new RNG]
set sizeRNG [new RNG]
for {set j 1} {$j < $run} {incr j} {
$arrivalRNG next-substream
$sizeRNG next-substream
}
# print the first 5 arrival times and sizes
for {set j 0} {$j < 5} {incr j} {
puts [format "%-8.3f %-4d" [$arrivalRNG lognormal 5 0.1] \
[expr round([$sizeRNG normal 5000 100])]]
}
& 1 ' 3 1C
% ns rng-test2.tcl 1
142.776 5038
174.365 5024
147.160 4984
169.693 4981
4*
3 % C
154
187.972 4982
% ns rng-test2.tcl 5
160.993 4907
119.895 4956
149.468 5131
137.678 4985
158.936 4871
&C++ ) 3
Y# tools/rng.h )
;'
@ %
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!= RNG h 0 T 1# 6 5# '^ ' 0 '!"1#
# $ ' T ) H tools/random.h ) random h 0 * \
e ) + ) '
;\
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seed I!e # '
seed=0 2
seed
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; 10@ %
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@ %
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b a ! \C 1 * F 1# H
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) 'Y 6 5# '^ & long next(void)
2 & double next_double(viod)
' ) & void reset_start_substream(void)

# Y 1# & & void reset_next_substream(void)
0 !78 '^ H @'
2 & int uniform(int k)
0 '^ H @' 2 & double uniform(double r)
0 '^ H @' 2 & double uniform(double a,double b)

;\
;'
+ 9yP
$ F 1# H
.*
6 5# '^
RNG seed I!e # & void set_seed(long seed)

; 1 '3 1C ' ) $ H
;[0,1]
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155
+ k
$ F 1# H
0 '^ H @' 2 & double exponential(double k)

;'
F 1# H
0 '^ H @' 2 & double normal(double avg, double std)

;'
F 1# H
+ ) ' . ) !Y z 7
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0 '^ H @' 2 & double longnormal(double avg, double std)

;'
+ ) ' . ) !Y z 7
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I. ) "
&L f
/* create new RNGs */

RNG arrival (23456);
RNG size;
/* set the RNGs to the appropriate substream */
for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
arrival.reset_next_substream();
size.reset_next_substream();
}
/* print the first 5 arrival times and sizes */
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
printf ("%-8.3f %-4d\n", arrival.lognormal(5, 0.1),
int(size.normal(500, 10)));
}
& 1 '3 1C
3 % C
6 5#
3 !!d.
161.826 506
160.591 503
157.145 509
137.715 507
118.573 496
156
'^ @ %
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= 6 5# '^ ' 0 '!"1#
(.!D
H>
Z H RandomVariable h 0
Y# ~ns/ranvar.h ) h 0
&'
; ) ) 6 [!= 6 5#
class RandomVariable : public TclObject {

public:
virtual double value() = 0;
RandomVariable();
protected:
RNG* rng_;
};
3 . )=
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class UniformRandomVariable min_, max_

class ExponentialRandomVariable avg_
class ParetoRandomVariable avg_, shape_
class ParetoIIRandomVariable avg_, shape_
class ConstantRandomVariable val_
class HyperExponentialRandomVariable avg_, cov_
class NormalRandomVariable avg_, std_
class LogNormalRandomVariable avg_, std_
)1r 0 6 5# !!d. H
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1$
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set u [new RandomVariable/Uniform]
4 OTcl ) RandomVariable h 0
)1.
+ [10,20] ! \C 1 *
157
$u set min_ 10
$u set max_ 20
$u value
-. 4> \$] ) '
&
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k!5V# 6 [!= !,RNG ) 'M
RandomVariable
H @ 1#
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use-rng '.
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set rng [new RNG]

$rng seed 0
set e [new RandomVariable/Exponential]
$e use-rng $rng
3L
)
0 '0
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(> M#
&'
Integrator
h 0
Y# ~ns/integrator
& integrator.h 4 6
class Integrator : public TclObject {

public:
Integrator();
void set(double x, double y);
void newPoint(double x, double y);
protected:
double lastx_;
double lasty_;
double sum_;
};
& integrator.cc 4 6
158
Integrator::Integrator() : lastx_(0.), lasty_(0.), sum_(0.)

{
bind("lastx_", &lastx_);
bind("lasty_", &lasty_);
bind("sum_", &sum_);
}
void Integrator::set(double x, double y)
{
lastx_ = x;
lasty_ = y;
sum_ = 0.;
}
void Integrator::newPoint(double x, double y)
{
sum_ += (x - lastx_) * lasty_;
lastx_ = x;
lasty_ = y;
}
int Integrator::command(int argc, const char*const* argv)
{
if (argc == 4) {
if (strcmp(argv[1], "newpoint") == 0) {
double x = atof(argv[2]);
double y = atof(argv[3]);
newPoint(x, y);
return (TCL_OK);
}
}
return (TclObject::command(argc, argv));
}

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NS

'( & !" #

42;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ns ) ' '% 4*# = @ 0 6 A :?

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tclscript @ ) 0 '! 0 , ) 1C ) 0 ns <tclscript> )1.

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set ns [new Simulator]

) 0 a 3'0 '!$(- 0 ' '3 1C ) *

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#Create a simulator object

# Insert your own code for topology creation

#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds simulation time

Q1"1=1# ;' 0 % ' ' 0

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nam Z f ;' .]3

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# Writing a procedure called "test"

(.R * ) I3 puts $D0

# Create a child class of "mom" called "kid"

w) ) superclass Q ;\ C++ @ ) this ' $3 self $D0. 1

# Create a class call "mom" and

# and overide the member function "greet"

$ns run 4> '

set n0 [$ns node]

'Y TC) L ;' *!

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

#Create a simulator object

#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time

0 CBR H!6 # ' 0 +

+ UDP agent H Z O1rC

\0 = ' 'Y O1rC ) ;' 0

set null0 [new Agent/Null]

$ns connect $udp0 $null0

$ns at 5.0 "finish" TC [!= ) H!6 # L )

$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"

#Create two nodes

.>" ;' '!3 1C

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set n0 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right

% C '! 0 % ) nam '! 0 % )

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int PingAgent::command(int argc, const charconst argv)