Jake Kaufman

AP Euro Assignment #7

Mrs. Nierman

Artist

Nationality

Chief Works

Style or Contributions Characteristics

Comments

Sandro Boticelli

ItalianFlorence

Primaverabased on Classical mythology about the Garden of Venus

Well defined figures Took interest in Greek and Roman mythology, separating slightly from realism

Influenced by NeoPlatonists. Court of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Burned his earlier works during a spiritual crisis. Revival of classical sculpting techniques Humanist ideals in art Studied the sculptures of antiquity to try and capture their style in his works

Donato Di Donatello

ItalianRome Florence

Filippo Brunelleschi

ItalianRome Florence

David, the first Simplicity and life-sized strength, which freestanding reflected bronze nude Humanist since the dignity Romans, which commemorated the Florentine victory over Milan Church of San Created Lorenzo, using architecture Corinthian that did not columns, overwhelm rounded arches, onecreated to and coffered fit human, not ceilings. divine measurements

Architecture based on the human world Humanist ideals in art

Inspired by classical Roman architecture

Leonardo da Vinci

ItalianMilan

Last SupperMilan, showed a persons character through body gestures and perspective

Masaccio

ItalianFlorence

Raphael Santi

ItalianRome

Michelangelo Buonarroti

ItalianRome

Was able to Paved the way The true depict a threeto the High Renaissance dimensional Renaissance Man, scene on a twostudied dimensional End of pure many things medium using realism-shift to to gain as perspective idealistic much nature, like in knowledge (Mona Lisa) Greek art as possible, especially about nature and the human body. Frescoes of the Large figures Exposed Brancanni and a more people to a Chapel- one of realistic form of art that the first relationship seemed like masterpieces of between figures more of an Early and the extension of Renaissance landscape their own art around them world School of Balance of Brought parts Figures were Athens- showed harmony and of classical art drawn as an imaginary order into plump and meeting Renaissance realistic between some Elements of art of the greatest classical art ancient philosophers, Perspective such as Plato and Aristotle Painted the Showed the Gave a Influenced ceiling of the human body is Neoplatonist by Sistine Chapel great detail and ideal to art, Neoplatonist in the Vatican, made it very namely that philosophy including The realistic. beauty is Creation of divinity. Of David Adam Always Michelangelo searched for the said I only

David- the ideal beauty. largest sculpture (14 feet) since Roman times; famous for its realistic depiction of a human Domenikos Greek-Crete LaocoonCaptured pain Theotocopoulos Spanishversion of the and distress (El Greco) Toledo (at that time) through twisted, recently elongated, discovered discolored Greek sculpture figures on a Laocoon and his turbulent gray sons, depicting background the Trojan priest Laocoon and his sons being attacked by heaven-sent snakes

take away the surplus; the statue is already there.

Apex of Mannerism

Studied art in Venice and Rome

3) The art of the ancient Greeks differed from that of the Renaissance and Baroque eras. In ancient Greece, there were ideals of reason, moderation, symmetry, balance, and harmony, which served to civilize the emotions. Religious services were often conducted in the agora. The Greeks used three styles of columns to construct these open-air temples. Doric columns were considered the most masculine, as they were thicker and had simple capitals. The Ionic style was seen as more feminine. Ionic columns were more slender and had bases and capitals elaborately decorated

with scrolls. The Corinthian style was similar to the Ionic style, but for the slight difference that leaves were used as decorative symbols instead of scrolls. Although sculptures were detailed and made to look like real human beings, the features were all idealized. The point was to create more of a godly image than preserve the form of a regular person. Renaissance artists were not as much idealists as they were realists. They tried to capture what they saw around them in their artwork, not what they thought the perfect human would look like. Giotto di Bondone was the one of the first to really try this method of capturing reality. During his time, when the world seemed to be falling apart because of the Black Death, Giotto tried to capture the pained emotions of the people around him in vivid paintings with depth. That was the early Renaissance. However, by the High Renaissance artists were again trying to capture that idealized beauty. One man who opted for this method was Michelangelo, who tried to create an image of divine beauty, as is evident by his statue David. Another Renaissance artist was Donato di Donatello, who used the Roman style in his sculptures, the most famous of which, a David, was the first life-sized freestanding bronze statue since antiquity. Fillipo Brunelleschi took this idea of real-world beauty into consideration when decideing how to build his masterpiece, the Church of San Lorenzo. He built it using Roman elements, such as

columns, coffered ceilings, and curved arches. This style, known as the Romanesque style, was meant to make church an inviting place for people to worship, rather than an awe- or fear-inspiring giant, as in the Gothic style. Baroque art is described as reflecting the search for power that was characteristic of the 17th century. Baroque church or government buildings were meant to show ornate faades, in order to strike a feeling of fear and awe for the ruler (or G-d) into passersby. One example of Baroque architecture is in the Jesuit church of Il Gesu. The church used Greek features such as columns and pediments, with some Roman style mixed in as well. Baroque paintings normally involve a excitement-filled moment caught in rich colors. Another characteristic, specifically in the work of the Baroque artists Peter Paul Rubens, was the use of the fleshy nude. Artemesia Gentileschi showed the struggles of biblical heroines in her works, such as Judith Beheading Holofernes, which is gruesomely detailed in its depiction of sawing off the head of her enemy. Probably the most famous of all Baroque artists, however, was Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He finished the work on St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican by designing the colonnade in front and on the interior, the Throne of Saint Peter.