DEVELOPMENT P & L EDUCATION

Lesson Plan

COMPILED BY :

Maria Priscillya Pasaribu IDN : 4103312018

BILINGUAL MATHEMATICS 2012 STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

LESSON PLAN
School Name Subject : SMA ... : Polynomial

Class / Semester: XI IPA / 2 (even) Allocation of Time : 8 hours of lessons (4 meetings)

A. B. C.

Competency Standards

: 4. Using rules of polynomial in problem solving. Using polynomial division algorithm to determine the

Basic Competency : 4.1. outcome for the rest of the division. Indicator

D.

: 1. Determine the degree and coefficients - coefficient of each tribe of polynomial and identify the mathematical form is polynomial. 2. Determining the value of a polynomial using direct substitution method and schemes. 3. Complete interoperability between polynomial which includes addition, subtraction, and multiplication polynomial. 4. Determine the coefficient of the unknown value of the two polynomial same. 5. Determine the quotient and remainder of the division polynomial by linear or quadratic shape and determine the degree of the quotient and the remainder of the division by using the division and synthetic polynomial long form (Horner). Learning Objectives : 1. Learners can determine the degree and coefficients - coefficient of each tribe of polynomial and identify the mathematical form is polynomial. 2. Learners can determine the value of a polynomial using direct substitution method and schemes. 3. Learners can determine the value of a polynomial using direct substitution method and schemes. 4. Learners can determine the coefficient of the unknown value of the two polynomial same. 5. Learners can determine the quotient and remainder of the division polynomial by linear or quadratic shape and determine the degree of the quotient and the remainder of the division by division polynomial use the long form and the synthetic (Horner). Teaching Materials :

E.
The general form

a n X n + a n 1X n a + a n 2 X n 2 + ... + ax + a o
By: a n , a n 1 ,......., a 0 a n coefficient x n , a n 1 coefficient x n 1 , and so on a 0 called a fixed rate

n natural numbers which indicate the degree polynomial.

LESSON PLAN

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Polinormal in variable x of degree r

A n 0, a o = constant tribe

Addition, Measurement, Multiplication of Polynomial Two tribes can be aggregated or much reduced by adding or reducing the tribes the same degree. To multiply by multiplying term by term. Value of Polynomial Many tribes in x is often written in the function f (x). When the value of x is replaced by a constant k, then f (k) is called the value of polynomial. To determine the value of polynomial can be many ways: 1. 2. Direct substitution Horner

Example: Determine the value of f (x) = 2x7 + 5x6 - 5x4 + 7x3 5 For x = - 2 First way direct substitution f (-2) = 2 (-2)7 + 5 (-2)6 5 (-2)4 + 7 (-2)3 5 = -256 + 320 80 56 5 = -77 Second way horner

Similarity of Polynomial Two forms of the same algebra for any value of x is said to identical or similar. Symbols are identical: (Equivalent). Example: Determine the value of p, q, r with the following equation:

6x 2 7x 1 p q r + + 3 x 2x x + 2 x 2 x 1 x + 1
Answer:

p( x 1)( x 1) + q( x 2 )( x + 1) + r ( x 2)( x 1) ( x 2)( x 1)( x + 1) p x 2 1 + q x 2 x 2 + r x 2 3x + 2 x 3 2x x + 2 x 3 2x 2 x + 2

) (

) (

( p + q + r ) x 2 + ( q 3r ) x + ( p 2q + 2r )
LESSON PLAN Page 2

p + q + r = 6 . (1) -q 3r = -7 (2) -p 2q + 2r = -1 (3) (1) & (3) (1) & (2)

p +q +r =6 p 2q + 2r = 1 + -q =5 (4) + 3r

q + 3r = 5

q 3r = 7 + 6r = 12 r
q =1.5 p = 3

=2

Polynomial Division Which is divided = divider. quotient + remainder f (x) = (xa). h (x) + reminder f (a) = remainder If the divisor of function x is n degree, then the remainder of the highest rank is (n-1) Remainder theorem and the factor If polynomial f (x) of degree and divided (x - k) then the remainder of s = f (k). Example: Polynomial of f (x) divided by (x - 2) the remaining 8, when divided by (x + 3) the remaining 7, how the remainder of f (k) when divided by x 2 + x - 6? Answer: Which is divided = divider. quotient + remainder f (x) = (x 2) . H (x) + 8 f (x) f (x) f (-3) f (x) f (x) f (-3) f (-2) = 8 = (x + 3) . H (x) + (-7) = -7 = (x2 + x 6) . H (x) + (ax + b) = (x + 3) (x 2) . H (x) + (ax + b) = a (-3) + b = a.2 +b -3 a + b 2 a+b -5a a b = -7 = 8 -

= -15 = 3 = 2

remainder = 3x + 2
Factoring Polynomial

LESSON PLAN

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Steps: If the number of coefficients of polynomial including the constant is 0, then 1 is a root / completion of polynomial. If an even number of coefficients = number of coefficients, the degree is odd, then -1 is a root / completion of polynomial. If steps 1 and 2 are not satisfied, then try to the constant factor divided by the coefficient factor of the highest degree. Polynomial with degree of 3 and 4 Degree of 3 ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

x1 + x2 + x3 =

b a c a

x1x2 + x2x3 + x1x3 = x1x2x3 =

d a

Degree of 4 ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx1 + e = 0

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 =

b a

c a d x1x2x3 + x1x2x4 + x1x3x4 + x2x3x4 = a c x1 x2 x3 x4 = a

x1x2 + x1x3 + x1x4 + x2x3 + x2x4 + x3x4 =
Model and Learning Method

a.

Learning Model : Direct Teaching Model (MPL), Cooperative Learning Model Learning Circle and NHT (Numbered Head Together).

b. Methods of Learning : lectures, discussions, question and answer H. Scenario Learning

First Meeting

Indicators:

1. Determine the degree and the coefficients of each tribe of polynomial and identify the
mathematical form is polynomial. 2. Determining the value of a polynomial using direct substitution method and schemes. Topic:

LESSON PLAN

2 5 Page 4 -2 -4 2 1

0 -2 -2

-5 4 -1

7 2 9

-5

Koefisien suku banyak dengan pangkat turun

-18 36 -72 -18 36 -77 F (-2)

1.

Understanding Polynomial

The general form of a polynomial in x polynomial or degree n that a n x n + a n 1x n 1 + ........ + a2 x 2 + a1x1 + a0 By: a n , a n 1 ,......., a 0 a n coefficient x n , a n 1 coefficient x n 1 , and so on a 0 called a fixed rate

n natural numbers which indicate the degree polynomial.

2.

Value Polynomial (Substitution Method and Method Chart). Many tribes in x is often written in the function f (x). When the value of x is replaced by a constant k, then f (k) is called the value of polynomial. To determine the value of polynomial can be many ways: 1. Direct substitution 2. Scheme Method 3. Horner

a. Substitution Method
Value of f ( x ) = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + ........ + a 2 x 2 + a1 x1 + a 0 for x = k ( k ) represented: f ( k ) = a n ( k ) n + a n1 ( k ) n 1 + ........ + a 2 ( k ) 2 + a1 ( k )1 + a 0 Thus the value of f(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 x + 5 for x = 1 is??????? b. Scheme Method Will be found the value of f(x) = x 3 + 3 x 2 x + 5 for x = 1 First Step : write the coefficient of each tribe x=1 1 3 -1 5 1 4 3 + 1 4 3 8 So f (x) = f (1) = 8

c.

Horner Example : Determine the value of f (x) = 2x7 + 5x6 - 5x4 + 7x3 5

LESSON PLAN

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For x = - 2

Model and Method of Learning:

a. Learning Model b. Methods of Learning

Scenario of Learning Preliminary

: Direct Learning Model : Lecture, discussion, question and answer

Motivation: If you success share with others, if you fail ask to yourself why you fail Apersepsi: - Looking back on a quadratic function Example: f (x) = 5x 2 + 4x -3 Learners communicate coefficients of each tribe Core activities

a. Learners are given a stimulus materials by teachers about:

Understanding of polynomial The general form of a polynomial in x polynomial or degree n that a n x n + an 1x n 1 + ........ + a2 x 2 + a1x1 + a0 By: a n , a n 1 ,......., a 0 a n coefficient x n , a n 1 coefficient x n 1 , and so on a 0 called a fixed rate

n natural numbers which indicate the degree polynomial.

b. Learners are given a student worksheet. c. Learners communicate orally will answer student worksheets on determining the degree and
the coefficients of each tribe of polynomial and determining what type of mathematics that is polynomial. d. Teachers demonstrate how to determine the value polynomial substitution and schemes / charts.

Value of Polynomial
Polynomial in x of degree-n can be written in the following functions:
f x = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + ........ + a 2 x 2 + a1 x1 + a 0

( )

Usually known as polynomial functions. Polynomial value of f (x) for x = k is f (k)

Search strategy values of f (k) is 2: LESSON PLAN Page 6

a. Substitution Method
Value of

f ( x ) = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + ........ + a 2 x 2 + a1 x1 + a0

for x = k ( k ) represented:

f ( k ) = a n ( k ) n + a n 1 ( k ) n1 + ........ + a 2 ( k ) 2 + a1 ( k )1 + a 0 Thus the value of f(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 x + 5 for x = 1 is??????? b. Scheme Method Will be found the value of f(x) = x 3 + 3 x 2 x + 5 for x = 1 First Step : write the coefficient of each tribe x=1 1 3 -1 5 1 4 3 + 1 4 3 8 So f (x) = f (1) = 8

e. Learners work on some exercises given by the teacher. f. Learners and teachers together to discuss answers to the questions given.
Cover

a. Learners and teachers to reflect on and concluded the material. b. Learners are given homework related to polynomial understanding, identifying the
mathematical form is polynomial, and the determination of the value of polynomial by direct substitution and schemes. c. Students are reminded about the interoperability between the pretest and the similarity polynomial polynomial. Second Meeting Indicators:

3. Solving interoperability between polynomial which includes addition, subtraction, and

multiplication polynomial. 4. determine the coefficient of the unknown value of the two polynomial same. Topics: 1. Operating between polynomial polynomial). 2. Similarity of polynomial. Model and Method of Learning: (addition, subtraction, and multiplication

a. b.

Learning Model : Direct Learning Model Methods of Learning : Lectures, discussions, question and answer

Scenario of Learning

LESSON PLAN

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Preliminary Motivation: We can not be successed if we said we would fail Apersepsi: - reminding on form and value polynomial polynomial. - Discuss homework Core Activities

a. Learners working on the pretest. b. Demonstration of the operation and the similarity between polynomial polynomial.
Interagency Operations Polynomial f (x) + g (x) =? (addition) f (x) - g (x) =? (subtraction) f (x). g (x) =? (Multiplication) Conclusion: For polynomial f (x) of degree m and g (x) of degree n, then: f(x) g(x) is the maximum degree polynomial of m or n f (x). g (x) is polynomial of degree (m + n) Polynomial similarity Theorem : Suppose that f ( x ) = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + ........ + a 2 x 2 + a1 x1 + a 0

g x = b n x n + b n 1 x n 1 + ........ + b 2 x 2 + b1 x 1 + b0
if f(x) g(x) then it be
a n = bn , a n 1 = bn 1 ,..., a1 = b1 , a 0 = b0

()

c. Learners work on practice questions given by the teacher. d. Learners and teachers together to discuss answers to practice questions.
Cover

a. Learners and teachers to reflect. b. Students are given homework on algebraic operations and similarities polynomial.
Third Meeting Indicator :

LESSON PLAN

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5.

Determine the quotient and remainder of the division polynomial by linear or quadratic shape and determine the degree of the quotient and the remainder of the division by using the division and synthetic polynomial long form (Horner). Topic: 1. Relationships divisor, the quotient and remainder (division polynomial by linear (xk) and (ax + b). Model and Method of Learning:

a. Learning Model

: Model Cooperative Learning Circle Learning / Learning together b. Methods of Learning : Lectures, discussions, question and answer Scenario Learning Preliminary Motivation: Success is not measured by what you accomplish, but the failures you have faced, and the courage that keeps you battling a barrage of obstacles Apersepsi: - Discussing homework Core Activities

a. Learners are given a stimulus materials by teachers about the division polynomial.
Relationships divisor, the quotient and remainder

a. Polynomial division by (x-k)

Example: Determine the distribution of the remaining proceeds and f (x) = by (x-2)! Answer: How schematic 2 x 2 + 8 x + 21 (x-2)

2 x 3 + 4x 2 + 5x + 7 2x 3 4x 2 8x 2 + 5x + 7 8 x 2 16 x 21x + 7 21x 42
49

x=2

How Horner 2 4 5 7

LESSON PLAN

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4 8

16 21

42 49

So f (2) = 49 = remainder

b. Polynomial division by (ax + b)

Example: Determine the results and the remainder of f(x) = 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 x + 15 by way of a double decker and Horner!

b. Students formed 10 groups (4 person / group) by counting 1-10, but a clever spread c. Learners work and discuss the questions given by the teacher for each group, and then
collected. Cover

a. Learners and teachers to reflect. b. Students are given homework related to the division of polynomial by linear forms.
Fourth Meeting Indicator: 5. Determine the quotient and remainder of the division polynomial by linear or quadratic shape and determine the degree of the quotient and the remainder of the division by using the division and synthetic polynomial long form (Horner). Topic: 1. Relationships divisor, the quotient and remainder (division polynomial by quadratic forms). Model and Method of Learning:

a.
Together)

Learning Model :

Cooperative Learning Model NHT (Numbered Heads

b. Methods of Learning
Scenario of Learning Preliminary

: Lectures, discussions, questioning

Motivation: There are two ways through life, through by the miracles or live with mediocrity Apersepsi: - Discussing homework - recall 2 ways of polynomial division Core Activities

LESSON PLAN

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a. Learners are given a stimulus materials by teachers about the division polynomial by quadratic
forms. Note: Horner method can only be used if the divisor can be factored. The general form: f(x) = ( ax 2 + bx + c ) . H (x) + S(x) = P1 . P2 . H(x) + S(X) Example: Determine the results and the remainder of the division x 4 3x 2 + x 2 by x 2 x 2 ! Answer: Step 1 x 2 x 2 factorized become (x-2) (x+1) = P1 . P2 f(x) = x 4 3x 2 + x 2 divided by P1 = (x-2), by result H0 (x) and remainder S1 . x=2 x = -1 1 Step 2 1 Step 3 Quotient of f(x) by x 2 x 2 is H (x) = x 2 + x , and remainder is S(x) = P1 . S2 + S1 = (x-2) . 3 + 4 = 3x -2 1 2 2 0 4 1 -3 2 3 -1 -1 1 0 1 0 3 6 + 4 -2

b. Learners form groups (each group are numbered 1-4). c. Learners work and discuss some of the questions given by the teacher group. d. Students were randomly selected to present the results of focus group discussions.
Cover

a. Learners and teachers to reflect. b. Students are given homework related to the division of polynomial by quadratic forms. I.
Source / Facilities / Equipment Sources: a. Buku Matematika Interaktif Program IPA SMA Kelas XI Semester Genap jilid 2B karangan Drs. Herynugroho dkk (Penerbit : Yudhistira) b. Buku Seribu pena Matematika SMA Kelasj XI jilid 2, karangan Drs. Husein Tamponas (penerbit: Erlangga). c. Buku mMatematika SMA Kelas XI Semester 2, karangan Sartono Wirodikromo (penerbit: Erlangga).

J.

Assessment

Techniques: groupwork, individual tasks, remedials

LESSON PLAN

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Form of Instruments: essay Example Instrument:

1.
No. 1

Student Worksheet Question Tentukan koefisien dan derajat suku banyak Problem Solving Suku banyak dalam x berderajat 2 dan koefisiennya 3 Score 5

x + 3x 2 + 6
2 Hitunglah

a. f(2) = 22 + 2.2
=4+4 =8 b. f(-1) = - (-1) 2 =12 = -1

a.

f ( 2 ) Jika f ( x ) = x + 2 x
2

b.

f ( 1) = Jika f ( x ) = x 2

Tentukan nilai dari

Cara 1 By substitution : we substitude the value of x into the equation f(-2) = 2(-2)5 + 3(-2)4 5(-2)2 + (-2) 7 = -45 Cara 2 By Horner : -2 2 3 -4 0 2 -5 -4 1 18 -7 -38

10

f ( x) = 2 x 5 + 3 x 4 5 x 2 + x 7 untuk
x = -2 dengan menggunakan cara substitusi dan Horner!

Tentukan suku banyak dari: a. f (x) + g (x) c. f (x) . g (x) Jika f (x) = 3x 2 dan g (x) = x + 1 b. f (x) g (x)

2 -1 2 -9 19 -45 a. (3x 2) + (x + 1) = 4x 1

b. (3x 2) (x + 1) = 2x 1

c. (3x 2) . (x + 1) = 3x2 + 3x 2x 2 = 3x2 + x 2 5 Tentukan m supaya 10

2

4 x 12 x + mx + 2
4 3

habis dibagi 2x

LESSON PLAN

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1 ! 4 -12 2 m -5 0 2

-10

m-5

2+

=0

m = -3

Bila x 3 4 x 2 + 5 x + p dan x 2 + 3 x 2 dibagi x 1 memberikan sisa yang sama, maka tentukan p ! Jika x y + 1 merupakan sebuah faktor dari ax 2 + bxy + cy 2 + 5 x 2 y + 3 , maka tentukan nilai a, b dan c !

Jika f(x) : (x a ) maka sisanya = f(a)

(1) 3 4(1) 2 + 5(1) + p = (1) 2 + 3(1) 2
ax 2 + bxy + cy 2 + 5 x 2 y + 3 = h( x) ( x y + 1) + 0 x = y 1 a ( y 1) 2 + b( y 1) y + cy 2 + 5( y 1) 2 y + 3 = 0 (a + b + c) y 2 (2a + b 3) y + (a 2) = 0 y 2 + 0 y + 0 a2=0a=2 2a + b 3 = 0 b = 1 a + b + c = 0 c = 1

p=6

20

Bila f(x) dibagi x + 2 mempunyai sisa 14 dan jika dibagi x 4 sisanya 4. Tentukan sisanya jika f(x) dibagi x 2 2 x 8 !

Misal sisanya = ax + b
2

20

f ( x) = h( x)( x 2 x 8) + (ax + b) f ( x) = h( x)( x + 2)( x 4) + (ax + b) f (2) = 2a + b = 14 .........(1) f (4) = 4a + b = 4 ..........(2) Dari (1) dan (2) didapat a = 3 dan b = 8 Jadi sisanya = 3 x + 8
10

Tentukan hasil bagi dan sisa dari pembagian 3x 3 + 5 x 2 11x + 6 : x 2 + 3x + 5 !

) (

10

Tentukan sisa pembagian

(x

+ x 1 : x x !
2 2

) (

10

LESSON PLAN

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Medan, _____ 2010 Knowing, Headmaster Teacher Mathematics

Name of Headmaster NIP _____

Name of Teacher Mathematics NIP ______

LESSON PLAN

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