<Q>Epidemiological studies in periodontics are valuable because they may provide information on the following <C>Prevalence and severity

of periodontal diseases <C>Risk factors of periodontal diseases <C>Effectiveness of practiced therapeutic measures <C>Effectiveness of practiced or potential preventive strategies <C+>All the above <Q>With regard to aggressive periodontitis, epidemiological studies have shown that gender and race are closely related risk factors. This was concluded from the fact(s) that: <C>Prevalence was found higher in white (European) males than in females <C>Prevalence was found higher in white (European) females than in males <C>Prevalence was found higher in African males than in females <C>Prevalence was found higher in African females than in males <C+>b+c <Q>Which of the following sentences regarding smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis is true? <C>The effect of smoking on the periodontium is related to age <C+>Smoking is considered a major risk factor for periodontitis, as 93-97% of refractory <C>periodontitis cases are smokers <C>The effect of smoking on the periodontium depends on the presence of systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus <C>The effect of smoking depends on the ethnicity of populations <C>Smoking is not a major risk factor for periodontitis <Q>It is universally accepted that chronic periodontitis is a natural consequence of aging. <C>True <C+>False <Q>Epidemiological studies in the world have shown that the prevalence of gingivitis: <C>Increases with age <C>Reaches its peak at 60 years of age <C+>Is highest among adolescents <C>Declines after childhood

<C>Does not change according to age <Q>Which of the following statements is/are true regarding dental plaque on the soft tissue wall of the pocket? <C>It is predominated by Gramve rods and cocci <C>It is predominated by Gram+ve rods and cocci <C>Its composition is influenced by pocket depth <C>Its composition is identical to that of attached plaque <C+>a + c <Q>The acquired pellicle is composed of <C>Viruses, bacteria and fungi <C+>Salivary proteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins and enzymes <C>Reduced enamel epithelium <C>Mineralized bone-like matrix <C>Neutrophils and monocytes <Q>Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the growth of dental plaque? <C>It is formed in 2-8 hours after cleaning the tooth <C>It becomes a biofilm in one day <C>It grows initially very rapidly <C>Its growth is slowed after day 3 <C>Its composition shifts towards more Gram-ve species after day 3 <C+>All the above <C>a + e <Q>Factors influencing plaque accumulation include <C>Tooth roughness <C>Diet <C>Smoking <C>Restorations <C+>All the above <Q>Periodontal pathogens that have been associated with chronic periodontitis include: <C>Porphyromonas gingivalis <C>Prevotella intermedia <C>Fusobacterium nucleatum

<C>Tanerella forsythia <C+>All the above <Q>A true pocket occurs due to: <C>Gingival enlargement <C>Gingival recession <C>Apical migration of junctional epithelium <C>Destruction of PDL fibres <C>b, c & d <C+>c & d <Q>One of the main differences between gingivitis and periodontitis is based on: <C>The presence of viruses in periodontitis <C+>The presence of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis <C>The presence of gingival bleeding <C>The presence of tooth mobility <C>Age and oral hygiene of the patient <Q>Alveolar bone resorption represents a type of necrosis, whereas apical migration the junctional epithelium requires viable cells <C>First statement correct, second statement incorrect <C>First statement incorrect, second statement incorrect <C+>First statement incorrect, second statement correct <C>First statement correct, second statement correct <Q>A 3-wall defect indicates that: <C>There are 3 bony walls remaining around a vertical bone defect <C>3 bony walls have been lost <C>An intrabony pocket is present <C>A suprabony pocket is present <C+>a + c <Q>Angular defects can occur only in areas that are wider than: <C+>2.5 mm <C>1.5 mm <C>3.5 mm <C>4.5 mm <C>5 mm

h<Q>Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by: <C>Affecting people who are otherwise usually healthy <C>Familial aggregation <C>Abundant amounts of plaque <C>Early age of onset <C>Rapid rate of PDL and bone destruction <C>All the above <C>a, b, d & e <Q>A 17 years old patient who demonstrates deep pockets and angular bony defects around upper and lower 1st molars, lower incisors and the lower right 1st premolar has: <C>Localized chronic periodontitis <C+>Localized aggressive periodontitis <C>Generalized aggressive periodontitis <C>Localized chronic periodontitis <C>Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis <Q>The strong association between localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) is based on the finding(s) that: <C>A.a is present around 90% of LAP sites <C>A.a has been isolated from sites with evidence of disease progression <C>There are antibodies against A.a in the serum of LAP patients <C>Reduction of A.a counts in successfully treated sites <C+>All the above <Q>The rationale for prescribing antibiotics (in conjuction with scaling and root planing) in cases of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is that: <C>Periodontitis is a classic infection and necessitated antibiotic treatment <C>Bacteria of AgP can cause infective endocarditis <C>The operator may not be skillful enough <C+>Bacteria are present within connective tissues <C>a + d <Q>Generalized aggressive periodontitis may be accompanied by systemic manifestation during the active phases of the disease, such as depression, fatigue, malaise and weight loss. <C+>True

<C>False <Q>Clinical manifestations of allergic reaction to restorative materials in gingivae may be confused with those of lichen planus <C+>True. <C>False. <Q>The established lesion: <C>1- occurs between 4-7 days from exposure to the initiating factor. <C+>2- occurs between 14-21 days from exposure to the initiating factor. <C>3- macrophages are the dominant immune cells. <C>1 & 3. <C>2 & 3. <Q>In the early lesion: <C>1- PMNs leave blood vessels and phagocytosis of bacteria takes place. <C>2- proliferation of capillaries and formation of capillary loops between rete pegs take place. <C>3- fibroblasts show cytotoxic alterations. <C+>1, 2, & 3 are correct <C>1 & 2 only. <C>1& 3 only. <Q>1-The predominance of macrophages is a primary characteristic of the established lesion. 2- Histological characteristics of this lesion include formation of rete pegs in the junctional epithelium. <C>both statements are correct <C>both statements are wrong. <C>first statement is correct. Second statement is wrong. <C+> first statement is wrong. Second statement is correct. <Q>Microbial products of plaque bacteria activate monocytes and macrophages to produce vasoactive substances such as. <C>1-interferon. <C>2-adrenalin <C>3- tumor necrosis factor <C>1, 2, & 3 <C>1 & 2 <C+>1& 3. <C>2& 3.

<Q>Aetiological importance of dental plaque as a causative factor for periodontal diseases has been proved through: <C>1-Epidemiological studies. <C>2-Experemental studies on germ free animals. <C>3-Experimental gingivitis on human. <C>4-Experimental periodontitis on human. <C>all of the above. <C>1 & 2. <C+>1,2 & 3. <Q>This/ (ese) feature/ (s) is/ (are) related to chronic periodontitis: <C>Occur in adult not in children & adolescents. <C>Rapid rate of progression. <C>Unlike aggressive periodontitis it is associated with horizontal bone loss. <C>All of the above. <C+>None of the above. <Q>Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis include surgical correction of gingival deformities that hinder patient ability to perform adequate plaque control, which should be done in phase 1 periodontal therapy. <C>True. <C+>False.

<Q>The diagnosis generalized severe chronic periodontitis is assigned to an individual when he/she has: <C>1-Attachment loss around > 30% of sites, CAL= 3-4 mm, and has type II diabetes mellitus <C>2-Attachment loss around > 30% of sites, CAL= 1-3 mm and has grade II mobility of incisors and 1st molars. <C+>3-Attachment loss around > 30% of sites, CAL= 5-6 mm, and has no systemic diseases known to be associated with periodontitis <C>4-Attachment loss around > 30% of sites, CAL= 4-5 mm, and is above 50 years of age <C>1 & 3 <Q>This patient complains of recurrent ulceration on the gingival margin since 2 months; possible reasons for this include: <C>1-Iron deficiency anaemia <C>2-Folic acid deficiency <C>3-Recurrent Herpes virus infection

<C>4-Periodontal abscess <C+>1, 2,& 3 <Q>Puberty is an important period of life from a periodontal point of view because: <C>1-Hormonal changes cause gingivitis <C> 2-Aggressive periodontitis may start at this age <C>3-Chronic periodontitis may start during this period <C>4-Motivation during puberty may prevent periodontal breakdown later in life <C>All the above <C+>2, 3, & 4 <Q>Composition of supragingival dental plaque after 5-7days of it,s accumulation is: <C>Spars flora, 90% G+ve cocci and rods, 10% G-ve cocci and rods. <C+>G+ve cocci nd rods 34%, G-ve and rods 48%, Fillamentus and fusiform15%, spirochetes3%. <C>Increse percentage of G-ve bacteri and mobile forms to pprox.20% G+ve cocci and rods make up55%. <C>non of the above. <Q>Hormonal changes as in pregnant woman play secondary role by decreasing resistance of periodontal tissue to local factors, which increase efficacy of local factor <C+>True. <C>False. <Q> The earliest deposit to form on the cleaned surface of a tooth is called <C+>aquired pellicle. <C>supragingival plaque. <C>supragingival calculus. <C>material alba. <C>dental plaque. <Q>Both chronic and aggressive periodontitis are further classified into mild, moderate and severe based on severity of the condition. In addition, both types of periodontitis are classified into localized and generalized forms based on the same criteria. <C>First statement true, second statement true <C+>First statement true, second statement false <C>First statement false, second statement true

<C>First statement false, second statement false <Q>The reason for changing the term Adult Periodontitis into Chronic Periodontitis is/are that: <C>1-Research has shown that adult periodontitis is s chronic disease, not an acute one as previously thought. <C>2-Epidemiological studies have shown that adult periodontitis can be seen in adolescents, not only in adults. <C>3-The lesion of adult periodontitis is characterized by the presence of neutrophils. <C>4-It was found that Adult Periodontitis is most commonly associated with chronic systemic diseases. <C+>2 & 4

<Q>Cusps that tends to forcibly wedge food interproximally are known as: <C>functional cusps. <C+>plunger cusps. <C>deflected cusps. <C>opposing cusps. <C>all of the above. <Q>Herpes simplex I virus <C>1- is a D.N.A. virus with high infectivity <C>2- infection in infants may be mistaken as teething. <C>3- infection may run asymptomatic. <C> all the above. <C> 1 & 2 only <C+> 2 & 3 only. <Q>Candidosis usually occur as a consequense of: <C> immunodeficiency, <C>reduced salivary secretion, <C>smoking, <C>treatment with corticisteroids <C+>all the above. <C>a, c & d only. <Q>Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by the presence of hyperresponsive macrophages. <C+>True <C>False