VIII.

Drug Study
Drugs Drug Name Nifedipi ne Class Antihyperte nsive Route Dosage Action Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells. Indications Treatment for hypertension Contraindic ation No contraindicati on Adverse Effect No adverse effect. Nursing Intervention Tell the relative of the patient to avoid drinking grape fruit juice for it can cause toxicity. Side effects like nausea and vomiting, dizziness, shortness of breath swelling of hands and feet.

Drugs Drug Name Losarta n Class Antihyperte nsive Route Oral Dosage

Action block the binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors found in vascular smooth muscle

Indications Hypertension

Contraindic ation No contraindicati on noted

Adverse Effect No adverse effect noted

Nursing Intervention Report side effects like dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Drugs Drug Name Metformi n Class Antidiabe tic Route Oral Dosage 500 mg per tab

Action Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increase sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin.

Indications Non insulin dependent overweight patients if blood sugar levels cannot be controlled adequately by diet.

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity Alcoholis m Acute Myocardia l Infarction

Adverse Effect Hypersensi tivity reaction, thrombocy topenia, nausea , diarrhea

Nursing Intervention do not break crush or chew twice a day given with meals assess for lactic acidosis assess for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Drugs Drug Name Citicoline Class Neuro tonics Route IV Dosage

Action is a derivative of choline and cytidine involved in the biosynthesi s of lecithin.

Indications CVA Recent cranial trauma

Contraindic ation Meclofeno sate, hypertoni a of sympathe tic nervous system.

Adverse Effect Headache, diarrhea, low or high BP, nausea, blurred vision.

Nursing Intervention Direct IV administration should be made very slowly to prevent episodes of hypotentsion Caution that large doses of citicoline could aggravate increase in cerebral blood flow in episodes of persistent intracranial hemorrhage Must not be administered with

medicaments containing meclophenoxate store below 25 degree celcius

Drugs Drug Name Simvasta tin Class Lipid Loweri ng Agent Route Oral Dosage 40 mg per tab

Action Lipid lowering agent

Indications To reduce lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity to any componen ts of this preparatio n.

Adverse Effect Nausea and Vomiting, constipatio n, headache, dizziness, rash. (no adverse effect noted)

Nursing Intervention Assess nutrition: fat, protein, carbohydrates; nutritional analysis should be completed by dietician before treatment is initiated Monitor triglycerides, cholesterol baseline and throughout treatment is initiated. Instruct patient to take drug in the evening with meals because taking this medication enhances absorption and increases cholesterol biosynthesis. Teach patient about proper dietary management of

cholesterol and triglycerides. well appropriate, recommend weight control, exercise, and smoking cessation.

Drugs Drug Name Cefuroxi me Class Antibi otic Route IV Dosage 500 mg per tab BID

Action Antibiotic

Indications moderate to severe infection

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity to any componen ts of this preparatio n.

Adverse Effect Hypersensi tivity reaction, thrombocy topenia, nausea , diarrhea

Nursing Intervention Inform patient this drug may cause an injection site reaction, diarrhea or nausea. If self administered, teach patient proper technique and placement of injections Advise patient to rotate injection sites. patient should take the oral suspension with food.

Drugs Drug Name Class Route Dosage

Action enhances transmemb

Indications Treatment of

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity to

Adverse Effect Hypersensi tivity to

Nursing Intervention Monitor hypoglycemia at

Humilin R

Antidiabet ic agent

SQ

4 units

rane passage of glucose across cell membranes of most body cells and by unknown mechanism may itself enter the cell to activate selected intermediar y metabolic processes Promote conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver.

type 2 diabetes mellitus that cannot be controlled by diet or oral drugs.

any componen ts of this preparatio n.

insulin animal protein.

time of peak action of insulin. onset hypoglycemia (blood sugar: 50-40 mg/dL) may be rapid and sudden. Check BP, Intake and Output ratio, and bood glucose and ketones every hour during treatment for ketoacidosis with IV insulin. be aware that some patients may develop insulin resistance and require large insulin doses to control symptoms of diabetes.

Drugs Drug Name Pioglitazo ne Class Antidiabet ic agent Route Oral Dosage 500 mg 1 capsule OD with meal

Action enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue; inhibits hepatic gluconeoge nesis.

Indications Treatment of type 2 diabetes as monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin when diet and exercise plus the single agent does not result in adequate glycemic control.

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity to drug, its componen s, or rosiglitazo ne.

Adverse Effect Hypoglyce mia edema

Nursing Intervention Assess patients weight and compliance with diet and exercise program Monitor liver function test before and during therapy Monitor glycosylated hemoglobin , hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels. asses for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

Drugs Drug Name Mannitol Class Osmot ic Diureti c Route IV Dosage 75cc q6

Action elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water fom tissue, including the brain and cerebrospin al fluid and plasma. as a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospin al fluid volume and pressure may be reduced.

Indications To reduce intracranial pressure

Contraindic ation Active intracrani al bleeding progressiv e heart failure, pulmonar y congestio n severe dehydrati on.

Adverse Effect dizziness headache seizure hypertensi on tachycardi a blurred vision nausea and vomiting

Nursing Intervention Assess for level of consciousness Monitor blood pressure before administering the drug. below 90/60 mmHg do ot administer Advise patient to report pain at infusion site as well as adverse reactions, such as increased shortness of breath or pain in back, legs or chest. WOF excessive fluid loss and signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and dehydration.

Drugs Drug Name Imdur Class Anti angina l Route Oral Dosage 300mg OD

Action relaxation of vascular smooth muscles and consequent dilation of peripheral arteries and veins.

Indications Treatment and prophylaxis in situations likely to produce acute angina pectoris.

Contraindic ation hypersens itivity to drug severe anemia acute M.I.

Adverse Effect dizziness headache orthostatic hypotensio n tachycardi a blurred vision nausea and vomiting syncope

Nursing Intervention Monitor ECG and vital signs closely, especially blood pressure. Monitor ABG instruct patient to move slowly when sitting up.

Drugs Drug Name Amlodipi ne Class calciu m chann el blocke r Route Oral Dosage 5mg O.D.

Action inhibits calcium ion influx across cardiac and smooth muscle cells, dilates coronary arteries and

Indications hypertension

Contraindic ation hypertens ive to drug

Adverse Effect edema syncope

Nursing Intervention monitor blood pressure frequently during initiation of therapy notify prescriber if signs of heart filre occur, such as swelling of hands and feet.

arterioles, and decreased blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand.

Drugs Drug Name Furosemi de Class loop diureti cs Route Oral Dosage 20mg 1 tab TID

Action a potent drug that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorptio n at the proximal and distal tbules and the ascending loop of henle.

Indications Edema Hypertension

Contraindic ation hypersens itive to drug and in those with anuria.

Adverse Effect Paresthesi a Polyuria Hypokalem ia Hypomagn esemia.

Nursing Intervention Monitor glucose in diabetic patients instruct patient/relative of possible need for potassium magnesium supplements.

Drugs Drug Name Aspirin Class Analg esic Antipy retic Route Oral Dosage 80mg O.D

Action Blocks pain impulses in CNS, reduces inflammatio n by inhibition of prostagland in synthero; anti-pyretic action results from vasodilation of peripheral vessels decreases platelet aggregation .

Indications Mild to moderate pain Fever

Contraindic ation Hypersen sitivity to drug.

Adverse Effect No side effect

Nursing Intervention Blood studies if patient is in long term therapy Mange edema in feet ankle.

Drugs Drug Name Omepraz ole Class Route Oral Proton Pump Inhibit or Dosage 20mg 1 tab TID

Action Suppresses gastric secretion by inhibiting hydrogen/p otassium ATPase enzyme

Indications Gastric Ulcer

Contraindic ation hypersens itive to drug

Adverse Effect Peripheral edema

Nursing Intervention Monitor vital signs Give omeprazole before meals Teach patient to take drug with meals.

system in gastric parietal cell.