Q1.

The diagram shows the apparatus for an experiment. Hydrated copper sulphate crystals
were heated. They became anhydrous copper sulphate.

(a)

Name a suitable piece of equipment to heat tube A.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

Use words from the box to complete the two spaces in the table. You may use each word
once or not at all.

black

blue

orange

red

purple

white

Name

Colour

Hydrated copper sulphate crystals

...................................................

Anhydrous copper sulphate

....................................................
(2)

(c)

What is the purpose of the ice and water in the beaker?

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 1 of 17

(d)

Drops of a clear, colourless liquid formed on the inside of tube B.

(i)

Name the liquid.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Explain how the liquid came to be inside tube B.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(e)

Anhydrous copper sulphate can be turned into hydrated copper sulphate. What would you
need to add? Apart from the change in colour, what could you observe?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(f)

Copper sulphate can be made from black copper oxide by reacting it with an acid. Name
the acid.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q2.

(a) Every chemical element has a chemical symbol. Choose the correct chemical
symbols from the box and complete the three spaces in the table.

Co

Cu

Fe

Ir

Zn

Name of element

Chemical symbol

Copper

....................................

Iron

....................................

Zinc

....................................

Zr

(3)

Page 2 of 17

(b)

Give one use for each of the following metals. You should give a different use for each
metal.
Copper ......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Iron ...........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Zinc ...........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(c)

Give four physical properties which metals usually have.

1. ................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
3. ................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
4. ................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(4)

(d)

Metals usually form ionic compounds. Give one property of an ionic compound.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 3 of 17

(e)

The diagrams show two different atoms, atom A and atom B.

Atom A
(i)

Atom B

Complete the following sentence.

For these two atoms to become ions one ............................................ would
be transferred from atom ........... to atom ........... .
(1)

(ii)

Atom A and atom B are from different elements. How can you tell this from their
nuclei?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 13 marks)

Q3.

A student investigated some instant soup.

(a)

Instant soup contains a food additive which has the formula:

NaH2PO4
Give the names of all the elements in this compound.
The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you to answer this question.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

Page 4 of 17

(b)

The student investigated the reaction which takes place when soup powder is added to
cold water.
The student thought that the reaction might be exothermic.
(i)

What is meant by the term exothermic reaction?

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Describe an experiment that the student could do to prove that this reaction is
exothermic.
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good
English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 5 of 17

Q4.

A student did two experiments using ammonium chloride.

(a)

In the first experiment the student heated a small amount of ammonium chloride in a test
tube.

Two reactions take place in the test tube.

Reaction 1
Reaction 2
(i)

ammoniumchlorideammonia+hydrogenchloride
(colourless gases)
ammonia+hydrogenchlorideammoniumchloride

Complete the sentences by crossing out the incorrect word in each box.
Reaction 1 takes place at a

high
low

temperature.

Reaction 2 takes place at a

high
low

temperature.
(1)

(ii)

Draw a ring around the word which best describes reactions 1 and 2.
combustion

displacement

oxidation

reduction

reversible
(1)

(iii)

Suggest a reason for the mineral wool at the top of the test tube.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 6 of 17

(b)

In the second experiment the student mixed a small amount of ammonium chloride with
some water in a beaker.
The temperature of the water was measured before and after adding the ammonium
chloride.

Temperature before adding

the ammonium chloride

20C

Temperature after adding

the ammonium chloride

16C

Draw a ring around the word which best describes the process which takes place.
combustion

displacement

endothermic

exothermic

freezing
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q5.

Instant cold packs are used to treat sports injuries.

One type of cold pack has a plastic bag containing water. Inside this bag is a smaller bag
containing ammonium nitrate.
The outer bag is squeezed so that the inner bag bursts. The pack is shaken and quickly gets
very cold as the ammonium nitrate dissolves in the water.

Page 7 of 17

(a)

One of the statements in the table is correct.

Put a tick ( ) next to the correct statement.

Statement

( )

The bag gets cold because heat energy is given out to the surroundings.
The bag gets cold because heat energy is taken in from the surroundings.
The bag gets cold because plastic is a good insulator.
(1)

(b)

Draw a ring around the word that best describes the change when ammonium nitrate
dissolves in water.
electrolysis

endothermic

exothermic
(1)

(c)

Suggest and explain why the pack is shaken after the inner bag has burst.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q6.

The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances.

(a)

(i)

Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence.

covalent

ionic

non-metallic

Electrolysis takes place when electricity passes through ..................................

compounds when they are molten or in solution.
(1)

(ii)

Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence.

alkenes

elements

salts

During electrolysis the compound is broken down to form...............................

(1)

Page 8 of 17

(b)

The table of ions on the Data Sheet may help you to answer this question.
The diagram shows an apparatus used for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from PATRICK FULLICK et al,
ISBN 0-7487-9644- 4. First published in 2006

Identify the products A, B and C on the diagram using substances from the box.

chlorine gas
sodium hydroxide solution
(i)

hydrogen gas

oxygen gas
sodium metal

A is ....................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

B is ....................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)

C is ....................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Page 9 of 17

Q7.

Distress flares are used to attract attention in an emergency.

Flares often contain magnesium. Magnesium burns to form magnesium oxide.

(a)

The distress flare burns with a bright flame because the reaction is very exothermic.
Complete the following sentence using the correct words from the box.

gives out heat

stores heat

takes in heat

An exothermic reaction is one which ..........................................................................

(1)

(b)

The diagram shows the electronic structure of a magnesium atom.

The atomic (proton) number of magnesium is 12.

Magnesium atom
The atomic (proton) number of oxygen is 8.
Which diagram, A, B, C or D, shows the electronic structure of an oxygen atom?

Diagram ..............................
(1)

Page 10 of 17

(c)

Magnesium ions and oxide ions are formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen. The
diagram shows the electronic structure of an oxide ion.

Oxide ion
Which diagram, J, K, L or M, shows the electronic structure of a magnesium ion?

Diagram ..............................
(1)

(d)

Indigestion tablets can be made from magnesium oxide. The magnesium oxide neutralises
some of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Draw a ring around the name of the salt formed when magnesium oxide reacts with
hydrochloric acid.
magnesium chloride

magnesium hydroxide

magnesium sulfate
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Page 11 of 17

Q8.

Read the article and then answer the questions that follow.

Hydrogen fuel for cars?

Hydrogen is an excellent fuel. On combustion it reacts with oxygen from the air to
release a large amount of energy. The only product of combustion is water which
does not cause pollution. Hydrogen gas can be stored under pressure in a
cylinder but a leak of the gas could cause an explosion.
It has been found that lithium nitride can absorb and then release large volumes of
hydrogen. Hydrogen stored in lithium nitride will not explode.
The problem is that the rate at which hydrogen is absorbed and then released
from normal sized particles of lithium nitride is slow.
Recently scientists have made nanosized particles of lithium nitride. The
nanosized particles have the advantage that they absorb and release the
hydrogen much faster when needed in the fuel cell.
(a)

Use information from the article to help you to answer these questions.
(i)

Give two reasons why hydrogen is an excellent fuel.

1 .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Hydrogen stored in lithium nitride is safer in an accident than a cylinder full of

hydrogen gas.
State why.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)

What is the advantage of using nanosized particles of lithium nitride instead of

normal sized particles for storing hydrogen?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 12 of 17

(b)

Lithium nitride is an ionic compound that contains lithium ions (Li+) and nitride ions
(N3).
(i)

The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you to answer this question.
Which diagram, A, B or C, represents the electronic structure of a lithium atom?
Write your answer in the box.

Diagram
(1)

(ii)

Tick ( ) the statement which describes how a lithium atom (Li) changes into a
lithium ion (Li+).
Statement

Tick ( )

A lithium atom loses a neutron.

A lithium atom loses an electron.
A lithium atom loses a proton.
(1)

(iii)

The diagram shows the electronic structure of a nitrogen atom.

Which diagram, A, B or C, represents the electronic structure of a nitride ion (N3)?

Write your answer in the box.

Diagram
(1)

Page 13 of 17

(c)

The equation for the reaction of lithium nitride with hydrogen is:
Li3N + 2H2
What does the symbol

LiNH2 + 2LiH

mean?

Draw a ring around your answer.

reversible reaction

endothermic reaction

neutralisation
(1)

(d)

Draw a ring around the correct answer in each box to complete the sentences.
much larger
(i)

Nanosized particles of lithium nitride will be

a little larger
much smaller

than normal sized particles of lithium nitride.

(1)

(ii)

One of the reasons why nanosized particles have different properties

density
from normal sized particles is that they have a greater

mass
surface area

than normal sized particles of lithium nitride.

(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q9.

This question is about fluorine and some of its compounds.

(a)

The diagram represents a molecule of hydrogen fluoride.

Draw a ring around the type of bonding that holds the hydrogen and fluorine atoms
together in this molecule.
covalent

ionic

metallic
(1)

Page 14 of 17

(b)

Fluorine is made in industry by the electrolysis of a mixture of potassium fluoride and

hydrogen fluoride.
(i)

Use one word from the box to complete the sentence.

gas

liquid

solid

To allow electrolysis to take place the mixture of potassium fluoride and

hydrogen fluoride must be .................................................. .
(1)

(ii)

The mixture of potassium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride contains fluoride ions
(F), hydrogen ions (H+) and potassium ions (K+).
Use one word from the box to complete the sentence.
fluorine

hydrogen

potassium

During electrolysis the element formed at the positive electrode is

............................................................ .
(1)

(c)

Fluoride ions are sometimes added to drinking water. It is thought that these ions help to
reduce tooth decay.
(i)

Tick ( ) one question that cannot be answered by scientific investigation alone.

Question

Tick ( )

Do fluoride ions in drinking water reduce tooth decay?

Are fluoride ions in drinking water harmful to health?
Should fluoride ions be added to drinking water?
(1)

(ii)

Explain why you have chosen this question.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q10.

Waste water from some industrial processes contains harmful metal ions, such as
chromium ions. These ions must be removed from the water before the water is returned to a
river.
The equation shows a method of removing chromium ions from water.
CrCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq)

Cr(OH)3(s)

3NaCl(aq)
Page 15 of 17

(a)

This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction.

Describe what happens in a precipitation reaction
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

Complete the name of the substance with the formula NaOH.

Sodium ........................................
(1)

(c)

Draw a ring around the method that could be used to separate the Cr(OH)3(s) from the
water.
electrolysis

filtration

neutralisation

oxidation
(1)

(d)

It is important to remove chromium ions from water before it is returned to a river.

Suggest why.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Page 16 of 17

Page 17 of 17