The chart shows the processes involved in the manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia.
(a)
Complete the word equation for the reaction that takes place in the first reaction vessel.
ammonia + ..............................
(b)
(i)
(ii)
At first, the platinum gauze is electrically heated. However, as the reaction continues,
no further heating is necessary.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
(d)
To convert nitrogen monoxide into nitric acid, two further reactants are needed.
What are they?
............................................................ and ...............................................................
(1)
Page 1 of 12
(e)
In an old method, nitrogen monoxide was produced from nitrogen instead of ammonia.
(f)
Complete the word equation below, to show how to make the fertiliser, ammonium nitrate.
................................... + ..............................
Q2.
(a) By reference to their structure, explain how the particles in a piece of metal are held
together and how the shape of the metal can be changed without it breaking.
(You may use a diagram in your answer.)
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(5)
Page 2 of 12
(b)
Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity and suggest why this conductivity
increases across the periodic table from sodium to magnesium to aluminium.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Q3.
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEPS 1 to 3
STEP 4
(a)
GeCl 4
............ H2O
(1)
(b)
(c)
Page 3 of 12
(d)
2H2
Ge + 2H 2O
(ii)
Calculate the mass of germanium which could be made from 525 g of germanium
oxide. (Relative atomic masses: Ge = 73; O = 16).
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Mass ......................................... g
(3)
(e)
Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to support
the view that germanium is a metal. Explain your answer as fully as you can.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii)
Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to support
the view that germanium is a non-metal. Explain your answer as fully as you can.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 13 marks)
Page 4 of 12
Q4.
(i)
Name gas X.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Complete the half equation for the production of chlorine gas during the electrolysis.
............ Cl
............e
Cl2
(1)
(iii)
The student found that the solution left in the cell was alkaline.
Which ion makes the solution alkaline?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)
Name the useful substance that can be obtained from the solution in the cell.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 5 of 12
(b)
Sodium carbonate is another useful chemical that can be made from sodium chloride. The
flow chart below shows one way in which sodium carbonate can be made.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Page 6 of 12
(iv)
2.
(v)
(c)
When sodium carbonate solution is added to zinc sulphate solution a white solid
is precipitated.
(i)
Use the Data Sheet to help you to name the white solid that is produced in this
reaction.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Page 7 of 12
Q5.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Chewing the tablet cures indigestion faster than swallowing the tablet whole. Explain
why.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
(b)
The active ingredients in the Antacid react with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to give
salts, water and carbon dioxide.
A student investigated how quickly the tablets react with excess hydrochloric acid.
40 cm of dilute hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask. The flask was placed on
a direct reading balance. Two Antacid tablets were quickly added to the flask. The
apparatus was weighed immediately. At the same time, a stop clock was started. The
mass was recorded every half minute for 5 minutes.
The results are shown in the table below.
Page 8 of 12
(i)
Balance the equation which represents the reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3(s) + .......... HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(1)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
Plot the results on the graph below and draw a smooth curve to show how the mass
of the flask and its contents changes with time. Label this curve A.
(3)
(ii)
One of the results does not appear to fit the pattern. Circle this result on the graph.
(1)
Page 9 of 12
(d)
The student did a second experiment. The only change was that the acid was twice as
concentrated.
On the graph, sketch a second curve to show a possible result for this experiment. Label
this curve B.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Q6.
When water is added, the baking powder releases carbon dioxide. How could you
test the gas to show that it is carbon dioxide?
Test ..................................................................................................................
Result of test ....................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Complete and balance the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium
hydrogencarbonate with sulphuric acid.
NaHCO3 + H2SO4 ....................... + ........................ + ..................
(2)
(b)
Indigestion tablets contain bases which cure indigestion by neutralising excess stomach
acid.
(i)
One type of indigestion tablet contains magnesium hydroxide. This base neutralises
stomach acid as shown by the balanced chemical equation.
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl 2 + 2H2O
Write a balanced ionic equation for the neutralisation reaction.
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
How does the pH in the stomach change after taking the tablets?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 10 of 12
(c)
Using ammonia solution, describe how you would make the fertiliser ammonium sulphate.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 11 of 12
Page 12 of 12