Digital Signal Processing ECE301

Topic- Design of Microprocessor Based Systems

Submitted to: Mr. Nitin Bhomle

Submitted by: Gaurav Sharma RB6803A24 Sec-B6803 B.tech-MBA(int.)ECE

The microprocessor (also called CPU for Central Processing Unit) is the chief component of a computer, it implements a list of commands, as per entered by the user. These commands are commonly called a program. Each model of microprocessor reads particular commands to its design in the form of a basic language which one calls assembler. This programming language is coded into hexadecimal The processor does not make any choice of its own, only conditional instructions are influenced by external situations: keyboard, demand for provision of an external device... All the electronic microprocessor assemblies include a initial database in ROM memory. The matters are not erased without supply voltage of the circuit. This database makes it probable the microprocessor to carry out its beginning with opening. A microprocessor-based system thus contains numerous interfaced circuits, for example, ROM memory (obligatory).

Two types of processors are contrived, the microprocessor and the microcontroller. On the level data handling, the 2 are virtually alike. The difference comes from the conventional functionalities. A microcontroller is dedicated to inputs/outputs actions. Some I/O ports are additional which will make it potential to obtain or to direct information of slow devices. One could use a microprocessor for the identical purposes but this would need to add peripheral components for each external device. A microcontroller often includes the

programming of method internal in a memory of the ROM type and even of the working memory of the type RAM. As a microcontroller manages slow peripherals, it is not enhanced for the speed of usage of data, nor to even manage huge amounts of memory.

The interfacing of the processor in the direction of the control circuit requires 3 bus system: a data bus, an address bus and a control bus. A bus is a entire of lines of communication (occurred by wire) which attaches 2 (or more) digital circuits amongst them. Each location report or peripheral internal is showed by address specific address. A definite address cannot be shared between several circuits. The address bus makes it possible the processor to connect with the peripheral via its address. An address bus contains several lines. An address bus 8 bit resembles to 8 lines of addresses and can thus address 2
8

different addresses. The greater the number of line of address is, the more the processor is able to control the peripherals. Once the peripheral communicated through the address bus, the data bus makes it possible to allocation from the binary data in reading or in writing. The data bus contains of a definite number of lines. All the sizes of the data buses are indicated under 8 lines of data in Byte - byte, or in multiple of 8 bits, the current processors use 64 lines of data for example.