16.

0 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

SUB TOPICS
16.1 Overview of photosynthesis 16.2 Absorption spectrum of photosyntetic pigments 16.3 Light dependent reaction 16.4 Light independent reaction 16.5 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation: Hatch-Slack (C4) and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathways

PREVIOUS LESSON

SUB TOPICS
16.1 Overview of photosynthesis 16.2 Absorption spectrum of photosyntetic pigments

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to; outline of photosynthetic process that leads to
the production of glucose state the photosynthetic pigments involved in photosynthesis

What is PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds.
(Campbell 8th edition)

Photosynthesis
Begins with (reactants):
Sunlight (radiant energy) Water (from the ground) Carbon dioxide (from the air)

Ends with (products):

Oxygen - Released to atmosphere Glucose
- Stored chemical energy

Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

Photosynthesis as REDOX REACTION

Reactants: 6 CO2 12 H2O

Products:

C6H12O6

6 H2O

6 O2

Water split into hydrogen and oxygen (Photolysis). Electron are transferred along with hydrogen ions from water to carbon dioxide. Thus, reduce to sugar.

Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis reverses the direction of electron flow. - electrons increase in potential energy as they move from water to sugar. - thus, this process requires energy. This energy boost is provided by light.

The Stages of Photosynthesis

The anabolic pathway involves
TWO processes: a. Light dependent reaction (Light reaction) - the photo part of photosynthesis - thylakoid b. Light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) - the synthesis part of photosynthesis - stroma

Overview of Photosynthesis

The Nature of Sunlight

Light is a form known as electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation. Light travels in waves. The distance between the crests electromagnetic waves is wavelength ( ). of

The Nature of Sunlight

Wavelength determines the type of electromagnetic energy.
- the amount of energy inversely related to the wavelength of light. - the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each photon of that light.

Why leaves are green? The photosynthetic pigment (chloropyll) of chloroplast absorb violet-blue and red light and reflect green light.

But, what is photosynthetic pigments?

Photosynthetic Pigments
Photosynthetic pigments as the light receptor. Embedded in thylakoid membrane. Different pigments absorb different wavelength of light.

Photosynthetic Pigments
TWO types of photosynthethic pigments: - Main pigments - Accessory pigments

Chlorophyll as Photosynthetic Pigments

Chlorophyll absorb red and violet-blue light but reflect green light. Type of chlorophyll: i. Chlorophyll a - blue-green pigments - main pigments ii. Chlorophyll b - yellow-green pigments - accessory pigments iii. Chlorophyll c - accessory pigments

Carotenoids as Accessory Pigments

Yellow and Orange pigments Type of Carotenoids: i. beta carotene - absorb violet and blue green light ii. Xanthophyll iii. Phaeophytin

Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthetic Pigments

Absorption spectrum is a visual representation of how well a particular pigments absorbs different wavelength of visible light.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

NEXT LECTURE

16.3 Light dependent reaction