FREE CONVECTION

AIM:
To determine the average heat transfer co-efficient of given mild steel rod for the transient heat conduction system and to calculate time constant, Biot number.

INTRODUCTION:
The heat transfer process is indicated and it needs some time to reach steady state. During the transient period the temperature changes and the analysis must be taken into account and the analysis account is the internal energy. Unsteady state can be classified as follows

PERIODIC TRANSIENT STATE:

In such a process temperature within the system undergoes periodic changes either regularly or irregularly but cyclic in nature.

NON PERIODIC TRANSIENT STATE:

In such a process temperature at any point within the system changes and some generic non linear function of time. It means the temperature is not only a function of time and it is uniform throughout the system at any instant. This type of analysis is called lumped heat exchanger.

FACTORS INFLUENCING:
Difference in temperature between two surfaces or medium. Density difference.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test section modules Two digital meters Heating element Thermocouple and digital temperature indicator Toggle switches System indicators Ammeters and voltmeter.

FORMULA:
Ti-T ------ = e(-hAs/ cp v) t T0-T

FREE CONVECTION

FREE CONVECTION S.NO TEMPERATURE (C) TIME (min)

Where T Ambient room temperature ( C ) Ti Initial temperature (C) T0 Temperature at final state (C) Cp Specific heat capacity of rod (kJ / kg K) As Total surface area of the rod (m2) h Heat transfer co-efficient ( W / m2C ) Density of mild steel ( kg / m3 ) V Volume of rod (m 3) Time constant: t = cp v / havg As Where havg Average heat transfer co-efficient Biot Number: h Lc Bi = ------K Where Lc Length of rod under study ( m ) K conductive heat transfer coefficient ( W /m K )

STANDARD DATA:
Length of the rod L = 255 mm Diameter of the rod D = 34mm Specific heat capacity of rod cp = 465.75 kJ / kg K Density of mild steel rod = 7850 kg / m3 Thermal conductivity of rod K = 45 W / m K

PRECAUTIONS:
Keep the dimmer stat at 0 V, while switching on and off the system. The equipment must have a proper multi channel temperature indiacator. The selector switch must be handled safely and should not be tampered. Do not exceed voltmeter reading beyond 180 V and temperature above 150 C.

PROCEDURE ;
The rod was allowed to attain steady state. Then the heating of the rod must be stopped so as to carry out free convection. Then the air was collected to fall through the rod. The free convection is started and the decrease in temperature is noted for a particular period of time. The time and temperature readings were tabulated. The average heat transfer co-efficient, biot number and time constant were calculated.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION:
For cooling purpose in nuclear reactor. In heat exchanger, condenser and evaporator.

RESULT:
The experiment for transient heat convection was conducted and the following results are observed. Thermal time constant, t Biot number, NBi Heat transfer coefficient, h = = =