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AP Biology Winter Break Assignments 2012-13

Cycle vs. Sanger: Visit http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/index.html and click on the Cycle Sequencing animation. Complete the assignment below (HANDWRITTEN PLEASE): 1. Describe Cycle Sequencing (dideoxy method). Use an illustration to assist your description. 2. Describe the Sanger Method of DNA sequencing. Use an illustration to assist your description 3. Compare the two methods 4. Identify benefits/applications DNA microarray: Go to http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/index.html and click on DNA Arrays animation 1. Define array/microarray. 2. Describe how DNA is adhered to the glass slides. 3. Describe how the arrays are used to analyze gene expression in Cancer cells. 4. What is the potential benefit of using arrays to study gene expression in diseased cells? Learn Genetics Website: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/ Click on the Microarray to begin. Start with Chapter 1: 1. Define Genomics 2. Compare/contrast genomics with traditional genetics studies Continue to Chapter 2: 1. How can microarrays identify difference in gene expression in different tissues? 2. Define a gene expression profile. Continue to Chapter 3: The Experiment 1. Summarize the 10 steps for producing a microarray 2. Who actually produces the microarrays & why? 3. How can microarrays be used to compare cancerous cells to normal tissue? 4. Outline the 7 steps to comparing a healthy cell to a cancerous cell using microarray technology. Include a picture and words for each step. PCR: Go to http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/index.html and click on PCR. Complete the assignment below: 1. Identify the role of each ingredient in the PCR process 2. Summarize the steps of PCR with words and illustrations 3. How does a thermocycler contribute to the process? 4. Draw a picture of the DNA after cycle 3. 5. Describe the DNA after 30 cycles Go to: http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/28/2/44 1. Who invented PCR and when? 2. What are some downfalls of PCR? 3. How is PCR different or more effective in terms of cloning genes than our transformation lab? 4. One of the ingredients above is similar to an enzyme we use in our cells to replicate DNA. How is it different? How is it better suited for PCR? Where does it come from (the organism and where it lives)? 5. List and describe at least 5 practical applications of PCR. 6. Describe some of the possible future applications of PCR. Stem Cells: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/ HANDWRITTEN PLEASE

Click on "The Nature of Stem Cells" and go through the animation, answering the following questions: 1. Define differentiated cells. Define stem cells. 2. Describe the structure of the blastocyst. 3. List each of the three cell layers and describe what they develop into in a developing human.

AP Biology Winter Break Assignments 2012-13


4. How many different types of differentiated cells do we have? 5. What are somatic stem cells? Give two examples. How do they differ from embryonic stem cells? Go back the Stem Cells home page and click on Stem Cell Quick Reference. Read about each of the types of stem cells and look over the pictures. Redraw the table below on your paper (be sure to leave enough room to write) and summarize the information as you read. Type of Stem cell Definition Types of cells Special Considerations Ethical Considerations that they can differentiate into Embryonic Somatic Induced Pluripotent (iPS) Therapeutic cloning Go back the Stem Cells home page & click on Go Go Stem Cells (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/sctypes/). Click on the TV Screen that says What is a stem cell niche? 1. Define a stem cell niche. Go through each of the types of adult stem cells. Redraw the table below (be sure to leave enough space to write) and fill it in as you go through the animation: Type of Stem Reason for need for this Location of Function(s) of cells Types of cells cell type of stem cell niche produced produced Blood Brain Hair Follicle Intestine Bone Go Back to the Stem Cells home page. Click on Stem Cells in Use. Read through the three types of stem cell therapies. Write a brief paragraph for each therapy, in your own words, to summarize what you read.

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