UNIVERSITY OF UYO, NIGERIA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

INFORMATION/POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS HANDBOOK

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING PROGRAMME PGD, M.Eng. Ph. D. Degrees in Chemical Engineering

MARCH 2012

UNIVERSITY OF UYO, NIGERIA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

GRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

PGD, M.Eng. Ph. D. Degrees in Petroleum Engineering

COURSE OUTLINE AND DESCRIPTION

Approved during the 73rd Meeting of Senate on 21st July, 2010

NAME OF DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ,UNIVERSITY OF UYO, NIGERIA

DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT 1995/1996

VICE CHANCELLOR Professor (Mrs) Comfort M. Ekpo B.LS., M.Ed. (Zaria), Ph.D. (Wales)

REGISTRAR Mrs Edak U Umondak B.A. (Unical), M,LS. (Ibadan)

DEAN OF ENGINEERING Dr Linus O. Asuquo M.Sc. (Kosice), Ph. D. (Asutech) FNSE,FNMS,FIQAN, Reg. Engr. (COREN)

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr Etim N. Bassey B.Sc., M.Sc. (Lvov), Ph.D. (Bradford) FNSE, FNSChE, Reg.Engr.(COREN), MNIM(Chartered)

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES COORDINATOR Dr. Benjamin R. Etuk B.Sc., M.Sc.(Lagos), PhD.(Heriot Watt) MNSE, MNSChE, Reg. Engr.(COREN)

HISTORY OF THE PROGRAMME

Faculty of Engineering was established in 1995/1996 Academic Session by the Vice Chancellor, Professor Fola Lasisi. The Philosophy of establishing the Faculty was to achieve national goals and objectives of industrialization and self-reliance, through the training and producing of each engineering graduate with high academic standard and adequate competence to solve the immediate problems of the industry and nation in general. Sixty-three (63) 100 level students were admitted in 1995/1996 academic session into the eight branches of Engineering, one of which was Chemical Engineering. The Faculty took off under the able leadership of Dr. C.E.A. Uko (now Prof Uko) as the Pioneer Coordinator of the Faculty. In the 1996/1997 academic session, there were thirteen (13) Petroleum Engineering students out of the eighty-six students (86) population in the Faculty. Four academic staff joined the Faculty among whom was Mr. Victor Etuk an Assistant Lecturer, a Chemical Engineer who was subsequently appointed Acting Head of the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering in 1996/1997 academic year. Following him were Drs Emmanuel J. Akpabio, Benjamin R. Etuk and Francis D. Udoh who were the subsequent Acting Heads of Department. Currently, there are thirteen full-time academic staff on the Programme in various areas of specialization and Dr. Etim N. Bassey is the Acting Head of Department. The Department graduated its first batch of students in Petroleum Engineering in the 2000/2001 academic year. Today, in addition to the Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Petroleum Engineering, Postgraduate Diploma, Master of Engineering and Doctor of Philosophy Programmes are offered with specialization in Production Engineering, Drilling Engineering, Reservoir Engineering,Gas Engineering, Georesources Engineering and Geoenvironmental Engineering. VISION The Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering has the vision to be one of the dedicated Engineering Departments in the Faculty, the University and in the Nation as a whole. MISSION The Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering is: a Dedicated to the provision of quality training through teaching and research for the provision of quality service to the state, nation and the world at large; b Dedicated to the training of manpower who will impact the government, industry, and academic through provision of expert advice for the national development; and c. Dedicated to strive towards achieving excellence in manufacturing and production standard for a sustainable development in science and technology.

LIST OF ACADEMIC STAFF 4 S/NO. NAME QUALIFICATIONS 1. Prof D. Appah M.Sc. (Baku) Ph.D. (Uniport) M.Sc., Ph.D. (Stavanger) M.Sc., Ph.D. (Moscow) B.Sc., M.Sc. (Lagos) Ph.D. (Heriot Watt) B.Sc., M.Sc. (Lvov), Ph.D. (Bradford)

RANK/ STATUS Professor/ Adjunct Associate Professor/ Adjunct Professor/ Adjunct Associate Professor/ Full Time Senior Lecturer /Full Time

AREA OF SPECIALISATION Production Engineering/ Formation Evaluation/ Natural Gas Engineering Drilling Engineering/ Formation Evaluation Separation Processes/ Process Control Separation Processes/ Particulate Systems/ Environmental Studies Chemical Engineering Design & Analysis / Process Integration/ Optimisation/Simulation /Environmental Process Engineering. Environmental Engineering/ Reservoir Characterization/ Geostatistics/ Mineral Economics/Drilling Engineering Petroleum Refining Engineering/Resid Catalysis Geophysics/Petroleum Geophysics Chemical Reaction Engineering/Catalysis/ Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals Petrochemical Synthesis/ Environmental Engineering Petrochemical Synthesis/Chemical Reaction Engineering Chemical Synthesis, Computer Applications in Science & Engineering Production

2.

Dr. R. M. Aguta

3. 4.

Prof. E. Oboho Dr. B. R. Etuk

Dr E. N. Bassey

6.

Dr. F. D. Udoh

7.

Dr. E. J. Akpabio

B.Sc., M.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (MadisonWisconsin), Certificate in Unix System/C/C++ Programming (Florida Tech). M.Sc., Ph.D. (Baku)

Senior Lecturer/ Ag. HOD/ Full Time

8.

Dr. G. T. Akpabio

B.Sc., M.Sc., (Unijos), Ph.D. (Unical) B.Sc., (CalTech) D.Sc. (MIT)

9.

Dr. I. A. Ekpenyong

Senior Lecturer/ Full-Time Senior Lecturer/ Part - Time Senior Lecturer/ Full-Time Lecturer II/ Full-Time Lecturer II/ Full-Time Part - Time

10. 11.

Dr. C. S. Ajinomoh Dr. P. W. Igbagara

M.Sc., Ph.D. (Moscow) B.Sc., M.Tech., Ph.D. (RSUST) BSc (Cal), MSc Ibadan), PhD (Manch.) B. Eng. (ABU), MSc.

12.

Dr I. J. Okop

13

Mr. P. O Umana

Senior

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(London) 14 15. O. I. Akpanika Mr. J. U. Akpabio (Staff Development) J. O. Etim P. N. Inyang B,Sc., M.Sc. (Unical) Lecturer/ Part-Time Lecturer I/ Full- Time LecturerII/ Full-Time Lecturer II/ Full- Time Lecturer II/ Full- Time Lecturer II/ Adjunct Lecturer II/ Full-Time Lecturer II/ Full- Time Engineering/Engineering Economy Geology/Geochemistry Production Engineering/Reservoir Engineering Reservoir Engineering Petroleum Engineering Formation Evaluation/Reservoir Engineering/Natural Gas Engineering B.Sc. (Unical), PGD, M.Sc. (Ibadan) Chemical Synthesis/Simulation/ Material Engineering

B.Eng.,M.Eng. (Uniport) B.Sc.(Unicross), PGD, M.Eng.(Uniport) B.Sc.(Unicross), PGD, M.Eng. (Uniport) B. Eng., M. Eng. (Uniport) Reservoir Engineering B.Eng. (Uniport), M.Sc.(Salford)

16. 17.

18. 19. 20.

K. K. Dune E. E. Bassey (Staff Development) U. U. Ntuk

LIST OF TECHNICAL STAFF S/NO. 1. 2. Name of staff Mr. Justine U. Obot Engr. Peter E. Asangausung Rank/Status Chief Technologist/ Full Time Senior Technologist/ Full Time Laboratory Assistant/ Full Time Qualifications B.Eng. (Pet. Eng.) Member NSE B.Eng. (Chem. Eng.) COREN Registered, Member NATE WASC, SSCE

3.

Mrs Udeme E. Udo

LIST OF ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF S/No. 1. Name Mrs. Etop O. Uweh Rank/Status Chief Secretarial Assistant/ Full Time Chief Clerical Officer/ Full -Time Senior Clerical Officer Qualifications WASC, SSCE RSA in Typewriting, Stages I, II & III & Cert. in Computer WASC & SSCE SSCE, NABTEB

2. 3

Mr. Emmanuel G. Ukpabio Mr. Aniedi E. Mendie

PROGRAMME FOR POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department is desirous to contribute towards meeting the high-level manpower needs required to accelerate the industrial and economic development of Nigeria in general and the Niger Delta zone in particular. To this end, the Department wishes to run a Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) course in Petroleum Engineering on a full-time basis. The course is fashioned to accommodate qualified persons from the petroleum and oil services industries, private or public organizations who may wish to gain knowledge in the area of Petroleum Engineering to enable them to be more productive in their areas of responsibility.

2.0

PHILOSOPHY The philosophy of our Postgraduate studies programme is to initiate and conduct research and develop excellent human capital through the training of engineering graduates and workers in the industry to sharpen and increase their capacity to take up the challenges and responsibilities in the capital intensive and high technology oil and gas industry.

3.0

OBJECTIVE The PGD in Petroleum Engineering is designed to prepare candidates whose first degree is in the sciences or other engineering disciplines for a career in the Petroleum and/or Process Industries. The objective of the PGD programme are as follows:

1.

Equip the candidates with in-depth knowledge of principles and concepts of Petroleum Engineering

8 2. Assist the candidates to understand how the principles and concepts of petroleum Engineering are applied in real life situation in the petroleum and related industries. 3. Provide the candidates with the tools and skills necessary to define Petroleum Engineering Problems in their totality as well as arrive at structured, effective and economic solutions of such problems.

4.0

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS The Postgraduate Diploma Course in Petroleum Engineering shall be open on a full-time basis to the following:

1.

Candidates with Bachelors Degrees not below Second Class Honours Lower Division in Engineering other than Petroleum Engineering or relevant Sciences from recognized institutions.

2.

Notwithstanding 1 above, candidates must possess the basic requirements for admission into the Bachelors degree Engineering Programmes of the University of Uyo.

5.0

DURATION OF PROGRAMME The course shall be for minimum duration of four (4) Semesters and a maximum of six (6) Semesters. For extension beyond the specified maximum period, a special permission of the Postgraduate school Board shall be required.

6.0

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

9 Each candidates performance shall be based on the following: (a) Continuous assessment and examination of the taught courses at the end of each semester.

(b) Assessment of research seminars and Project reports. (c) Assessment of the PGD Project Report which must be submitted in accordance with the format prescribed by the Postgraduate School Regulations, University of Uyo.

(d) Other conditions applicable to the grading of courses and award of Higher Degrees as prescribed by the Postgraduate School.

To obtain a PGD in Petroleum Engineering, candidates must register and pass in the 79 Credit Hours offered in the programme and made up of the following: (i) 65 credit hours of the core courses (ii) 3 credit hours of the elective courses (iii) 2 credit hours of laboratory and field practice (iv) 6 credit hours of the research project

7.0

COURSE STRUCTURE The core courses for the PGD candidates are as follows:

1st SEMESTER Course Code GRE 611 GRE 612 GRE 613 GRE 614 CVE 611 PEE 611 PEE 612 Title Engineering Mathematics I Engineer in Society Engineering Drawing I Engineering Economics Strength of Materials Petroleum Engineering Systems Applied Petroleum Geology Credit Hours 3 1 2 2 2 3 3

10 PEE 613 PEE 617 Petroleum Reservoir Engineering I Petroleum Engineering Lab/Field Pradtice I Total 3 1 20

2nd SEMESTER Course Code GRE 621 GRE 622 PEE 621 PEE 622 PEE 623 PEE 624 PEE 625 PEE 626 PEE 627 Title Engineering Mathematics II Design Drawing II Drilling Fluid |Technology Petroleum Reservoir Engineering II Natural Gas Engineering Well Completion & Workover Petroleum Rock Mechanics Petroleum Economics & Property Valuation Petroleum Engineering Lab/Field Practice II Total 3rd SEMESTER Course Code GRE 631 CPE 611 PEE 631 PEE 632 PEE 633 PEE 634 PEE 635 PEE 637 Title Engineering Management & Law Computer Programming and Applications Drilling Engineering I Formation |Evaluation Production Engineering I Oil and the Environment Reservoir Simulation Seminar Total 4th SEMESTER Credit Hours 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 19 Credit Hours 3 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 20

11 Course Code PEE 642 PEE 644 PEE 646 Title Enhanced Oil Recovery Well Testing Alternate Hydrocarbon Sources Elective PEE 645 Research Project Total Credit Hours 3 3 2 3 6 17

ELECTIVES
Course Code PEE 641 PEE 643 PEE 647 Title Drilling Engineering II Production Engineering II Natural Gas Processing Credit Hours 3 3 3

8.0

COURSE DESCRIPTION

PEE 611: PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SYSTEMS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

Overview of the petroleum industry and fundamental petroleum engineering concepts including nature of oil and gas reservoirs, petroleum exploration and drilling, formation evaluation, completion and production, surface facilities.
PEE 612: APPLIED PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (3 CREDIT HOURS) Properties of sedimentary rocks composition, texture, structure and classification. Source rock and reservoir rock characteristics. Petroleum generation and migration, Traps and seals. Sandstone reservoir.

PEE 613: PETROLEUM RESERVOIR ENGINEERING I (3 CREDIT HOURS)

12 Introduction to petroleum reservoir engineering. Physical properties of rocks and fluids (porosity, permeability, compressibility of rocks and fluids, fluid saturation, wettability, etc). General hydrodynamic equations of fluid through porous media and techniques of predicting reservoir performance compositional variation phase behaviour of

hydrocarbon systems. Reservoir energy relationships. Sampling for PVT analysis and other methods of determining reservoir fluid properties evaluation and interpretation. PEE 617: PETROLEUM ENGINEERING LABORATORY/FIELD PRACTICE (1 CREDIT HOURS)

Testing of drilling and well completion fluids properties. Cements: types, properties and analysis. Laboratory observation of reactions between drilling and workover fluids on formation. Colloidal properties of clays. Visit to oil operations.
PEE 621: DRILLING FLUID TECHNOLOGY (2 CREDIT HOURS)

Mud properties; testing, classification and chenmical analysis. Drilling calculations and control of mud properties. Well completion fluids. Data for executing kick control, indications of kick, methods of circulating out a kick; Balanced bottom hole pressure (BBHP), drillers method. Formation damage caused by drilling fluids and chemistry of reaction between fluid and formation Other types of drilling fluids Air, foam etc.
PEE 622: PETROLEUM RESERVOIR ENGINEERING II (3 CREDIT HOURS)

Reservoir estimation, material balance equation, decline curve analysis and production performance in different types of reservoirs such as solution gas drive, water drive, gas cap drive etc. Water influx calculations. Reservoir models (steady state, pseudo-steady state, transient). Statistics and interpretation of production rates. Well test, drill stem test, production test backpressure tests in gas wells, build up and drawdown test on oil ells.

13

Coaling of water and gas. Secondary recovery well injection, sweep efficiency, states and Dykstra Passon methods.
PEE 623: NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Composition of natural gas. Natural gas wells, wellhead equipment and gathering systems. Estimation of gas reserves. Flow of natural gas measurements, dynamic and volumetric meters. Critical flow proffers bottom hole flowing Field handling of natural gas. Static and bottom hole flowing pressure calculations. Distribution of natural gas; pipeline equation for distributions at high and low pressures. Modification of old transmission lines, looping and paralleling. Water-hydrocarbon systems dhydration and sweetening of natural gas. Gas hydrates. Underground storage of natural gas.

PEE 624: WELL COMPLETION & WORKOVER (3 CREDIT HOURS)

Well completion: Single and multiple completion. Open holes perforation methods. Tubing types, tubing equipment, uses of tubing calculations Multiple zone completionwell-heads casing and tubing hangers. Christmas Tree, use of wirelines, packer types, uses. Design of tubing string. Flows rate of oil and minimum gas requirement. Bottomhole pump production, packer-rod pumps (well heads, surface and sub-surface equipment). Prediction of wind, wave and current forces. Equipment employed in marine environment.

PEE 625: PETROLEUM ROCK MECHANICS (2 CREDIT HOURS)

Fundamentals of rock mechanics linear, non-linear elasticity, poroelasticity. Effective stress concept, failure mechanisms, crater formation, load rate mechanism. Static and impact loading, tooth penetration as a function of differential and over header pressure. Effect of differential pressure on drilling rates. Stress around boreholes and borehole failure criteria.

PEE 626: PETROLEUM ECONOMICS & PROPERTY VALUATION (2 CREDIT HOURS)

14 The structure of the Petroleum Industry. Impact of oil resources on the economy of oil producing countries. Profitability analysis in oil and gas investments. Inter-relationship of technical and economic data, time value of money, compound interest and annuity calculations. Depreciation methods, capital budgeting, projects evaluations. Decline curve analysis, risk and uncertainty in oil and gas exploration. Decision tree analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, preference theory pricing and bidding strategies. Oil concessions in Nigeria, government participation. Nigerian Petroleum profit tax laws. The Nigerian Petroleum labour market Refinery economics, marketing and sales calculations.

PEE 627: PETROLEUM ENGINEERING LABORATORY/FIELD PRACTICE II (1 CREDIT HOUR) Core Analysis, measurement of porosity, liquid and gas permeability, fluid saturation. Analyisis of drill cuttings, determination of lithology. Rheological measurements Hydraulic characteristics and control of drilling fluid properties. Flow metering of liquids and gas. Determination of mete r accuracy. Uses and operations of various pressure regulators. Pressure loss measurement along pipes. PVT analysis. Visit to oil installations and oil field quality control.

PEE 631: DRILLING ENGINEERING I (3 CREDIT HOURS) Elements of rock mechanics. Basic drilling methods cable tool and rotary, equipment, drilling techniques, advantages and disadvantages. Drilling fluids functions, properties and esting. Types of drilling fluids and additives, drilling hydraulics, drilling cost analysis and control. Formation pressure prediction, fracture gradient prediction, formation damage, lost circulation, stock pipe. Cementing properties of cements and additives, cementing equipment, hole conditions, volume calculation and rate of circulation. Primary cementing operations squeeze cementing, cement plugs/ Fishing operations causes control and prevention. Well control causes and detection of kicks, well control procedures. Blow out causes, control, and prevention including equipment usage.

PEE 632: FORMATION EVALUATION (3 CREDIT HOURS)

15 Concept of formation evaluation and comparison of the various methods well logging, coring, well testing etc. Well logging, types and principles electric, radioactive, acoustic velocity, caliper, inclinometer, dip meter and thermometer C.G.S. Log interpretation methods porosity and resistivity logs, combination of logs, cross plots, application and problems. Recent advances in logging and log interpretation such is fluid contacts, water or gas entry points their zones, faults identification, permeability anisotropy. Production logging, Measurement While Drilling (MWD), Computer aided well log interpretation. PEE 633: PRODUCTION ENGINEERING I (3 CREDIT HOURS) Operation functions and output of sub surface Reservoir Engineer. Properties, composition and classification of oil and natural gas NODAL Analysis inflow and outflow performances, governing equations, inflow performance relationship (IPR). Gas-oil-ratio (GOR), productivity index (PI), formation damage, fines migration and skin effect, fluid flow and pressure losses. Multiphase formation factor (B), Bullet perforation and jet perforation. Introduction to artificial lift methods Gas life methods (continuous flow, intermittent, plunger lift), Pumping systems (sucker rod pumping, rodless pumping).

PEE 634: OIL AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 CREDIT HOURS) The operating environment. Interaction between oil industry activity and the environment waste management in the oil industry. Causes of oil pollution-blow out, pipeline and flowline leakages, sourgas production, sea transportation hazards. Need for oil spill prevention and control. Impact on the environment, ecology. Methods of control mechanical, chemical and biological. Global pollution problems. Case studies from the Niger Delta province. Government regulation and contingency plans Clean Nigeria Association (CAN), National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA).

PEE 635: RESERVOIR SIMULATION (3 CREDIT HOURS) Introduction and purpose of reservoir simulation. Concepts of simulation. Darcys law, fluid flow in porous media. Reservoir simulation equations. Finite difference model. Solution of the simulator equations. Matric of simultaneous equations, data preparation fluid data, rock data, production data, flow rate data. Making a simulation study. History matching.

16 PEE 637: SEMINAR (1 CREDIT HOUR) Designed to expose students to research methodology in Petroleum Engineering, advances in petroleum engineering, techniques and formal for technical paper and report writing and strategies for presentation to a technical audience. Students will be expected to present a Seminar on selected topics guided by the Lecturer assigned.

PEE 641: DRILLING ENGINEERING II (3 CREDIT HOURS) Workover operations Introduction, techniques, squeeze cementing, well stimulation, sand control. Directional drilling, cost tubing drilling slime hole drilling, techniques and equipment. Deviation measurement. Well stability concepts. Fishing tools and methods drilling services contract specifications. Offshore drilling technology, drilling optimization. Advances in drilling engineering measurements while drilling (MWD).

PEE 642: ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (3 CREDIT HOURS) Review of rock properties, reservoir fluid properties, phase behaviour, Principles of displacement, displacement efficiencies; gas methods, miscible slung, enriched gas, high pressure, lean gas-carbon dioxide, nitrogen and others inert gases. Chemical methods miscellar polymer, polymer argument, water flooding, permeability alteration. Thermal recovery concepts.

PEE 643: PRODUCTION ENGINEERING II (3 CREDIT HOURS) Surface completion, gathering systems service and cleaning. Design and testing of flow lines. Emulsion problems: oil emulsion, emulsifying agents and emulsifiers. Choice and dosage of emulsifiers. Separation and separators, design and construction of separators, heat treatment. Corrosion and controls. Problem well analysis workover techniques, sand control, gravel packing, sand consolidation. Pipelines and transportation, maximum pipeline capacity, other transportation systems. Flow measurement systems. Problems associated with flow measurement Liquid level controllers.

PEE 644: WELL TESTING (3 CREDIT HOURS)

17 Purpose of BHP Surveys, ideal conditions for running tests. BHP survey equipment, correct procedures for conducting tests, gauge quality check procedure. Theory of well testing phases and flow geometries, flow equations and solutions, analysis models, skin concept. Analysis of BHP test drawdown, buildup, interference etc. Field practices and other factors that affect tests, examples of bad and good tests.

PEE 645: RESEARCH PROJECT (6 CREDIT HOURS) The project consists of a study of designed topic in any aspect of Petroleum Engineering. The project may be analytical, experimental or design and fabrication. The Topic is chosen in consultation with the Department whose approval is necessary. Guidance and supervision will be given by a designated staff member. The student is expected to complete the project and present the required number of bound copies and defend the work orally before a constituted panel of the Department.

PEE 646: ALTERNATE HYDROCARBON SOURCES (3 CREDIT HOURS) World energy sources; role of hydrocarbons, alternate hydrocarbon sources available in Nigeria Exploration and mining for such resources. Existing and proposed industrial processes for conversion of such resources into engineering materials and energy. Technologies for use of coal, shale oil, tar sands and biomass. Economic assessment of hydrocarbon resources.

PEE 647: NATURAL GAS PROCESSING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Phase behaviour of natural gas systems, retrograde phenomena in natural gas mixtures, binary mixtures, vaporisation equilibrium constants. Bubble and dew point determination. Field processing; flash calculation, stage separation. Water hydrocarbon systems, water content, storm distillation, fractional distillation, binary distillation multi-component distillation. Absorption and adsorption; removal of H2S and Co2 from natural gas Gas plant design, LPG and LNG systems.

18 CPE 611: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS (2 CREDIT HOURS) An introduction to digital computer; historical perspective up-to-date computer hardware and software, meaning and description; a simple typical computer structure indicating the functional components; characteristics of a computer, application of computers, implications of computerization, limitation of computers; human failures and professional responsibilities and implication of as national literacy programme. Programming in Basic: flow charts sand algorithms; declaration statements; input and output statements; programme computation and execution, control and conditional statements; program organization, loops and routines and program listing and debugging techniques. Introduction to technical computation software (eg mat-cad-cad, matlab). Formulation of structure codes and exploration of relevant tool boxes in matlab as applicable to Chemical Engineering problems. Use of MS excel to implement numerical computations, solutions of linear and non linear equations, regression analysis and graphing.

GRE 611: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I (3 CREDIT HOURS) Definitions of Differential equations and general remarks. First-order and simple higher-order differential equations. Solutions and existence of uniqueness, Exactness. Solution by integrating factor, other methods of solution. Application of first-order, simple higher-order differential equations; application to mechanics, electric circuits, differential equations of families of curve and orthogonal trajectories, applications to chemistry and chemical mixtures, applications to steady-state heat flow; problems of growth and decay; the hanging cable; physical problems involving geometry, the definition of beams.

CVE 611: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (2 CREDIT HOURS) Basic definitions-stress and strain. Basic stresses (normal shearing, axial tensile and compressive stresses), bearing stress, ultimate, allowable stresses, factor of safety, direct stress formula, axial deformation and strain elasticity, elastic limit, Hookes law. Modulus of Elasticity, Poissons ratio. Stress-strain diagram, yield point. Mohrs circle, moment of inertia of bodies shear force, shear stress and bending stresses in beams. Deflection of beams, stress concentration Anaslysis of trusses and frames.

19 GRE 612: ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY (1 CREDIT HOUR) History of Engineering and technology. Philosophy of science. Development of the engineering industry up to the present day, safety and health at work. The role of engineers in nation building. Food production, housing, transportation, employment opportunities, energy supply, communication and social infrastructure etc. The choice of engineering solutions and decision-making process, risk analysis etc. Lectures by invited professionals.

GRE 613: ENGINEERING DRAWING I (2 CREDCIT HOURS) Introduction use of drawing instruments, scales, drafting aids. Paper sizes and drawing layout. Dimensioning, line work and lettering. Geometrical constructions and engineering graphics. Development of geometrical figures and intersection of solids and curves. Introduction to projections. GRE 614: ENGINEERING ECONOMICS (2 CREDIT HOURS) The place of Engineering Economics in engineering and investment decisions. Compounding, discounting and economic equivalence, cash flow analysis and inflation. Choosing between alternative methods for evaluating project investments depreciation, taxes and cost of capital. Comparing alternative investments, replacement analysis. Risk analysis and project selection, risk analysis models; capital rationing method. Economic decision models, cost analysis and models, lease or buy decisions. Profitability analysis. Management of Studies in Engineering Economics: data sources and cost estimating forecasting of revenues, economic feasibility studies. Computer application in Engineering Economic Analysis.

GRE 621: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II (3 CREDIT HOURS) Fourier series Enter coefficients, even and odd functions. Sine and cosine functions and application. Gamma, beta and probability function. Simple linear programming. Elements of functions of several variables. Legendre and Bessel functions and their properties. Complex variables, differentiation and integration of complex functions. Cajuchy-Rieman equations and related theorems. Laplace and Fourier transforms. Introduction to non-linear differential

20 equations, stability and applications, elements of probability density and distribution functions. Statistics-regression and correlation. Large sampling; Test hypothesis and quality control.

GRE 622: ENGINEERING DRAWING II (1 CREDIT HOUR) Orthographic. Projections in first and third angles. Isometric, oblique and other projections; sectioning; screw fasteners, simple machine drawing. Introduction to Computer graphics and application.

GRE 631: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND LAW (2 CREDIT HOURS) Law: General principles of contracts. Law of contract; Forms of contract criteria for seleting contractors, offer and acceptance of contracts; Terms of contract, suppliers. Duties-Damages and other Remedies. Termination/cancellation of contract. Liquidation and penalties, exemption clauses, safety and risk. Health and safety. Duties of employers towards their employees. Duties imposed on employees. Management: General principles of management and appraisal techniques. Breakthrough and control management; conventional management theory; personnel management; labour and public relations; wages and salary administration. Production and maintenance management. Training and manpower development. The manager policy formulation, objective setting, planning, organising and controlling, motivation and appraisal of results. Management Accounting: Basic management accounting concepts, techniques and conventions, understanding corporate annual reports, introduction to cost-volume relationships, introduction to manufacturing costs, introduction to capital budgeting.

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PROGRAMME FOR MASTER OF ENGINEERING (M. Eng.) IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

1.0 INTRODUCTION In line with the mission of the University of Uyo, the Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering intends to deploy its resources to maximize her potential to offer high quality research and training opportunities for its staff, students and the community as a whole. For the Petroleum Engineering Programme the degree of Master of Engineering (M. Eng.) is fashioned to generate interest and knowledge necessary to create analytical framework for understanding the development, design and operation of process industries and related systems with emphasis on optimum use of resources, conservation of the environment and costs management. 2.0 PHILOSOPHY The philosophy of our Postgraduate Studies programme is to initiate and conduct research and develop excellent human capital through the training of engineering graduates and workers in the industry to sharpen and increase their capacity to take up the challenges and responsibilities in the capital intensive and high technology oil and gas industry.

22

3.0 OBJECTIVE The objectives of the programme are to:

Provide high-level manpower sufficiently impacted with advanced knowledge and skills to offer quality service to the state, the nation and the world at large.

Provide advanced training in specialised skill areas aimed at achieving the National content goal of the government in the oil and gas/process industry as well as impact the academia to offer expert services and advice for national development.

Strive to achieve excellence in manufacturing and sustainable development in Science and Technology. AREAS OF SPECIALISATION

production best practices for

The M. Eng. Degree in Petroleum Engineering will be offered in the following specialized areas: * * * * * * Production Engineering Drilling Engineering Reservoir Engineering Gas Engineering Georesources Engineering Geoenvironmental Engineering

5.0 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Types of Admission: There are two types of admission, full time (FT) and part time (PT)

5.1.1 Full Time Admission Full time admission is offered only to candidates who can satisfy the University that they are not in employment, or that they have received approval of their employers to

23 undertake full time studies. Candidates who are found to have violated this condition shall be asked to withdraw from the University.

5.1.2 Part Time Admission Candidates shall be admitted to part time studies if they are members of staff of the University or in other employment where they require a higher degree to enhance their performance and knowledge. All part time candidates shall be required to submit evidence that they will devote a good proportion of their normal working year to their studies. Eligibility for Admission The M. Eng. Programme shall be open to candidates with the following qualifications:

The Bachelor of Engineering in Petroleum Engineering (for closely related engineering) of the University of Uyo or other recognized Institutions of Higher Learning with a minimum of Second Class Lower Division with a GPA of 2.75 on a scale of 5.00. For those prospective students with degrees in engineering fields other than Petroleum Engineering, a special course program (usually a post-graduate diploma) will be tailored for them to provide an appropriate background.

A Bachelors degree from a recognised Institution plus a Postgraduate Diploma in Petroleum Engineering of the University of Uyo or other recognised Institutions of Higher Learning

Notwithstanding (1) and (2) above, candidates must possess the basic requirements for admission into the Bachelors degree in Engineering Programmes of the University of Uyo.

DURATION OF PROGRAMME The duration of programme shall be a minimum of three (3) Semesters and maximum of four (4) Semesters for full time candidate. Part time candidates shall study for a

24 minimum of six (6) Semesters or a maximum of eight (8) Semesters. For extension beyond the specified maximum period, a special permission of the Postgraduate School Board shall be required.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS A minimum of 36 credit hours is required for graduation. Fifteen (15) credit hours of core requirements and (15) credit hours in area of specialty in addition to six (6) credit hours of dissertation are recommended.

EXAMINATION There will be written examinations at the end of each Semester of the first academic year. Those who fail the courses shall take a resit during the Long Vacation. Students will be expected to pass all registered courses before they can register for dissertation. The dissertation must be written and submitted in a format in accordance with the University of Uyo Postgraduate School Regulations for submission of work for higher degrees at the end of the stipulated period for each programme.

COURSE STRUCTURE A. FULL TIME STUDIES

The core courses for all M.Eng. Students: 1ST SEMESTER Course Code PEE 711 PEE 712 PEE 713 PEE 714 PEE 715 Title Advanced Petroleum Engineering Numerical Analysis Advanced Rock & Fluid Properties Advanced Formation Evaluation Petroleum Economics & Risk Analysis Advanced Computer Applications Engineering Total 3 3 3 3 in Petroleum 3 15 Credit Hours

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2nd SEMESTER Specialist Courses for M.Eng. Students M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Production Engineering) Course Code Title Advanced Petroleum Production Engineering PEE 721 Advanced Well Completion & Workover PEE 722 Advanced Petroleum Rock Mechanics PEE 723 Artificial Lift PEE 724 Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering PEE 765 Total M. Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Drilling Engineering) Course Code Title PEE 723 Advanced Petroleum Rock Mechanics PEE 725 Drilling Optimization PEE 726 Drilling Fluid Technology PEE 727 Well Test Analysis PEE 765 Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 3 3 15

Credit Hours 3 3 3 3 3 15

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Reservoir Engineering) Course Code Title PEE 728 Reservoir Characterization & Geostatistics PEE 729 Advanced Reservoir Engineering PEE 741 Advanced Reservoir Modeling & Simulation PEE 742 Fluid in Porous Media PEE 765 Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Gas Engineering) Course Code Title PEE 743 Natural Gas Engineering PEE 744 Gas Production Engineering PEE 745 Coal Conversion Processes PEE 746 LNG Processing PEE 765 Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Georesources Engineering) Course Code Title PEE 728 Reservoir Characterization & Geostatistics PEE 747 Petroleum & Energy Resources

Credit Hours 3 3 3 3 3 15

Credit Hours 3 3 3 3 3 15

Credit Hours 3 3

26 PEE 748 PEE 749 PEE 765 Oil & Gas Industry Accounting Renewable Energy Options Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total 3 3 3 15

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Geoenvironmental Engineering) Course Code Title PEE 761 Surface and Interfacial Phenomena in the Environment PEE 762 Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering PEE 763 Pollution Control in Process Industries PEE 764 Environmental Impact Analysis & Management PEE 765 Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total 3RD 4TH SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 3 3 15

Credit Hours 6 6

B. PART TIME STUDIES The core courses for all M.Eng. Students. 1st SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 711 Advanced Petroleum Engineering Analysis PEE 712 Advanced Rock & Fluid Properties PEE 713 Advanced Formation Evaluation Total

Credit Hours Numerical 3 3 3 9

2ND SEMESTER Course Code Title Credit Hours Petroleum Economics & Risk Analysis 3 PEE 714 Advanced Computer Applications in Petroleum PEE 715 Engineering 3 Total 6

Specialist Courses for M.Eng. students. M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Production Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title

Credit Hours

27 PEE 721 PEE 722 4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 723 PEE 724 PEE 765 Advanced Petroleum Production Engineering Advanced Well Completion & Workover Total 3 3 6

Title Advanced Petroleum Rock Mechanics Artificial Lift Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Drilling Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 725 Drilling Optimization PEE 726 Drilling Fluid Technology Total 4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 723 PEE 727 PEE 765

Credit Hours 3 3 6

Title Advanced Petroleum Rock Mechanics Well Test Analysis Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Reservoir Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 728 Reservoir Characterization & Geostatistics

Credit Hours 3

28 PEE 729 Advanced Reservoir Engineering Total 3 6

4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 741 PEE 742 PEE 765

Title Advanced Reservoir Modeling & Simulation Fluid Flow in Porous Media Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Gas Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 743 Natural Gas Engineering PEE 744 Gas Production Engineering Total 4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 745 PEE 746 PEE 765

Credit Hours 3 3 6

Title Coal Conversion Processes LNG Processing Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Georesources Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title PEE 728 Reservoir Characterization & Geostatistics PEE 747 Petroleum & Energy Resources

Credit Hours 3 3

29 Total 4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 748 PEE 749 PEE 765 6

Title Oil and Gas Industry Accounting Renewable Energy Options Special Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

M.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering (Geoenvironmental Engineering) 3RD SEMESTER Course Code Title Credit Hours PEE 761 Surface Interfacial Phenomenon in the Environment 3 PEE 762 Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering 3 Total 6 4TH SEMESTER Course Code PEE 763 PEE 764 PEE 765

Title Pollution Control in Process Industries Environmental Impact Analysis & Management Special Top[ics in Petroleum Engineering Total

Credit Hours 3 3 3 9

5TH 6TH SEMESTERS Course Code Title PEE 771 Dissertation Total

Credit Hours 6 6

10.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION PEE: 711: ADVANCED PETROLEUM ENGINEERING NUMERICAL ANALYSIS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

30 Use of numerical methods in a variety of petroleum engineering problems, numerical differentiation and integration: root finding; least squares; solving first and second order differential equations, curve fitting and interpolation, backward, central and forward difference solutions, matrix and computer applications.

PEE 712: ADVANCED ROCK AND FLUID PROPERTIES (3 CREDIT HOURS) Systematic theoretical and laboratory study of physical properties of petroleum reservoir, thermodynamic/phase behaviour of naturally accruing hydrocarbon mixtures; reservoir drive mechanisms evaluation and correlation of physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids including laboratory and empirical methods.

PEE 713: ADVANCED FORMATION EVALUATION ( 3 CREDIT HOURS) Use of different formation evaluation techniques to provide a comprehensive description of reservoir content, reducibility, estimation of geological environment, drilling fluid and cutting analysis, core analysis, formation testers drill-stem test, analysis of open hole logs by overlay, cross plot and digital evaluation methods. PEE 714: PETROLEUM ECONOMICS & RISK ANALYSIS (3 CREDIT HOURS) Investment decisions and petroleum industry risks. Cash Flow Analysis: cash flow for oil and gas projects. Project financing, depreciation and cash flow analysis. Economic Indicators: Net Present Value (NPV) calculations. Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Payback (PB) calculations, etc. Comparison of economic indicators and their use in the oil and gas industry. Risk Analysis. Treatment of risks and uncertainty using probabilities. Expected Value and its use in E & P investment decisions. Decision trees and their use in

exploration and development decisions. Sensitivity Analysis. Monte Carlo Simulation and Portfolio Analysis.

PEE 715: ADVANCED COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PETROLEUM

31 ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Solution to Petroleum Engineering problems using computers, Programmes in Fortran, Visual Basic. Q-basic, C. and C programming languages. Review of software applications relevant to Petroleum Engineering.

PEE 721: ADVANCED PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Advanced study production operations, well deliverability and performance. Application of simulation practices, gas lift design, production system analysis and optimisation, downhole equipment and surface facility design.

PEE 722: ADVANCED WELL COMPLETION WORKOVER (3 CREDIT HOURS) The design and evaluation of well completion including placement of easing, liners and well tubing, perforating gravel packing, sand control, and acidising undamentals. Design and evaluation of acidisation treatment. Hydraulic fracturing, fluid loss, conceptual models, design and implementation, evaluation and performance of horisontal wells. PEE 723: ADVANCED PETROLEUM ROCK MECHANICS (3 CREDIT HOURS) Studies of theories and applications of rock mechanics to petroleum engineering reservoir wells and their physical behaviour, powers media and fracture flow models Laboratory measurement of porosity, permeability, etc. Deformation behaviours as a function of stress state, insitu stress, measurement of well bore stability, sand control and reservoir compaction and subsidence. PEE 724: ARTIFICIAL LIFT (3 CREDIT HOURS) Studies of the design and analysis of current mechanisms for lifting oil from the reservoir including optimisation theory. Sucker rod pumping system, gas lift systems, submersible pumps and plunger lift. Kinematic analysis of surface unit and study of the relationship between surface unit and downhole system.

PEE 725: DRILLING OPTIMISATION (3 CREDIT HOURS)

32 Design and evaluation of well drilling systems; identification and solution of drilling problems, mud and surface drilling data acquisition and processing well bore hydraulic casing design and well cementing techniques, well pressure control and underbalanced drilling; offshore drilling, horizontal, extended reach, multilateral drilling wellbore surveying fishing operations.

PEE 726: DRILLING FLUID TECHNOLOGY (3 CREDIT HOURS) The physics and chemistry of interfaces focusing on the behaviour of multifluid systems both in the presence and absence of solids. The composition measurement and design of the properties of drilling fluids.

PEE 727: WELL TEST ANALAYSIS (3 CREDIT HOURS) Unsteady-state flows of reservoir fluids in porous media, application of theory to pressure build-up analysis, well interferences testing pulse testing pressure draw down analysis, drillstem testing and water influx prediction.

PEE 728: RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION AND GEOSTATISTICS (3 CREDIT HOURS) Problems in formation evaluation, Electrofacies and lithofacies recognition. Review of probability and statistics. Clustering algorithms. Regression models. Artificial

intelligence techniques. Concepts in reservoir modeling, Geostatistics and stochastic simulation. Correlation and variogram measures of spatial variability. Simple and ordinary kriging. Gaussian simulation, Indicator kriging and cokriging, Simulation and uncertainty issues.

PEE 729: ADVANCED RESERVOIR ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Oil and gas reservoir mechanics, analysis of reservoir rock fluid systems, studies of reservoir behaviour and control during production. Theories of fluid flow through porous media. Computation of in-place gas, condensate and oil using volumetric, material

33 balance and decline curve techniques. Drainage equations and reservoir performance prediction.

PEE 741: ADVANCED RESERVOIR MODELLING & SIMULATION (3 CREDIT HOURS) The development of unsteady state of fluid flow equations for reservoir and the application of finite difference methods to obtain solutions to equations. Single fluid flow equation. Multiphase flow equjation. Finite difference approximations;

Consistency, Convergence and stability. Grid systems and boundary conditions; Solution methods. Mathematical reservoir simulator with special emphasis on the practical

application of theoretical techniques on modern-day computers. Solution of the simulator equations, data preparation, fluid data, rock data, production data, flow rate data. Making a simulation study. History matching.

PEE 742: FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA (3 CREDIT HOURS) General hydrodynamic equations for flow of fluids through porous media, twodimensional flow problems and potential theory methods gravity flow systems; two-fluid systems, systems of non-uniform permeability, multiple well systems using computerised streamline tracking methods.

PEE 743: NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Application of reservoir engineering principles and practices to gas and condensate reservoirs, management of all types of gas reservoirs. Production forecasting and decline curves, flow measurement and compressor sizing. Recovery of liquefiable products from gas, underground gas storage.

PEE 744: GAS PRODUCTION ENGINEERING ( 3 CREDIT HOURS) Phase behaviour of gas and condensates, flows of natural gas in reservoir and wellbore and gathering systems, deliverability testing, conditioning transmission and compression, measurement of gas, gas pipeline design, coal bed methane.

34 PEE 745: COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES (3 CREDIT HOURS) Principles of direct and indirect gasification including pyrolysis, liquefaction, hydrogenation and solvent extraction. Kinetics and chemical reactions. Process

technologies solid, liquid and gaseous carbon technologies. Coal, natural gas, and alternative carbon feedstocks, their properties, specifications, source, availability analyses and tests for characterization, reactivities and solubilities. Factors influencing carbon performance in gasification, liquefaction solvent extraction. Down stream products

including conversion to syngas cokes tars, liquids chemicals and high-value specialist carbon products. Environmental issues and economic impact coal gasification and conversion nationally and globally.

PEE 746: LNG PROCESSING (3 CREDIT HOURS) LNG Engineering and fundamentals. Phase behaviour of natural gas systems, water hydrocarbon systems. Field processing, flash calculation and stage separation. Natural Gas measurement, safety and control. LNG storage and shipping; transportation and distribution. Gas turbine Power systems. Case studies.

PEE 747: PETROLEUM AND ENERGY RESOURCES (3 CREDIT HOURS) The structure of the world energy industry. Supply and demand interrelationships among exporting and importing countries. Inter fuel competition, coal, gas and the demand for natural gas (LNG) etc. Issues and prospects and energy management. National and International financial implication of fuel economy. The less Developed Countries;

patterns of Energy consumption and import requirement; the impact of oil pieces and increased oil imports; costs alternatives for less developed countries. The future and energy.

PEE 748: OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY ACCOUNTING (3 CREDIT HOURS) The basics of accounting, company reporting, interpreting financial statements and company taxation. Accounting for the four basic types of costs incurred by companies with oil and gas exploration and producing activities. Acquisition costs. Exploration

35 costs, Development costs, and Production costs, Historical cost, accounting methods; Successful-efforts accounting (SE) and Full-cost accounting (FC). Basic oil and gas tax accounting. Complex mineral interests, and joint interest accounting, Royalties, Excise and Petroleum Resource Rent PTRR) tax: Description of regimes, review of typical royalty, excise and PTRR returns.

PEE 749: RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS (3 CREDIT HOURS) World energy sources and energy crisis; the role of hydrocarbons. Renewable energy options available in Nigeria, Exploration and exploitation of such resources. Existing and proposed industrial processes for conversion of such resources into Engineering materials and energy. Environmental impact of their exploitation.

PEE 761: SURFACE AND INTERACTAL PHENOMENA IN THE ENVIRONMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS) Characteristics of particulate system, particle modificastion processes, transport and flow in powders, dispersions and suspension. Principles u nderlying surface and interfacial phenomena with application to mining, mineral processing, petroleum industry and geoenvironmental systems.

PEE 762: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT HOURS) Environmental impact and pollution mechanisms in petroleum and mining engineering. Basic concept regarding oil field and mine waste generation, toxicity and environmental regulatory processes, case studies of NESRA NOSDRA and other Agencies, Synergy between process productivity and environmental performance. Issues in sampling, analysis, monitoring and control for effective management in Extractive industries.

Principles involved in the characterise and remediation of process wastes.

PEE 763: POLLUTION CONTROL IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES

36 (3 CREDIT HOURS) Engineered systems for wastewater treatment, reuse and disposal. Studies on noise

pollution legal and economic aspects of noise abatement, Introduction to vibrations in machinery, vibration standards and control of vibration. Air quality analysis and odour control. Solid waste management with emphasis on impact on health and the treatment and disposal. Engineered

environment. Hazardous waste characteristics, systems for resource and energy recovery.

PEE 764: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS) Development and the environment interactions between landuse, physical infrastructure and environmental quality. Transport, effect and fate of chemicals. Pollution from oil spillages, Industrial wastewater treatment and solid waste

management. Guidelines, procedures, methods and application of Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of Environmental Impact Studies report. Guidelines on

Environmental Audit and Post Commissioning Assessment. Examination of key legislations affecting the quality of the environment and analysis of competing interests and ideas on environmental issues.

PEE 765: SPECIAL TOPICS IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING (3 CREDIT OURS) Current issues and trends in Petroleum Engineering in areas of special interest and value; oral presentation of the report in a formal technical conference format. Written report(s) required.

PEE 771: DISSERTATION (6 CREDIT HOURS) Application of research techniques to solving current Petroleum Engineering problems in the chosen area of specialisation, as directed by a Supervisor. Exclusive work on the project commences after completion of taught courses.

37

PROGRAMME FOR DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

1.0 INTRODUCTION The Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department is committed to excellence in research and technological development. The Department therefore intends to offer a Postgraduate Programme in Petroleum Engineering that will lead to the award of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Degree. In line with the strategic objective of the University of Uyo, the Ph.D. course is to provide a spectrum of research activities covering the fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering through the more applied aspects such as the design and optimal operation of oil, gas and process industries with respect to the economic utilization of resources and environmental sustainability.

2.0 PHILOSOPHY The philosophy of our Postgraduate Studies programme is to initiate and conduct research and develop excellent human capital through the training of engineering graduates and workers in the industry to sharpen and increase their capacity to take up the challenges and responsibilities in the capital intensive and high

technology oil and gas industry.

3.0 OBJECTIVE

38 The objectives of the Ph.D. Programme are to: 1. Promote current Petroleum Engineering development through world class research and training in the areas of potential strength and interest of the Department which include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Production Engineering Drilling Engineering Reservoir Engineering Reservoir Characterization & Geostatistics Gas Engineering Petroleum Economics Georesources Engineering Geoenvironmental Engineering, etc.

2. Produce researchers who are specialists with demonstrable competence.

3. Boost publication and dissemination of high quality research findings.

4.0 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Types of Admission: There are two types of admission, full time (FT) and part time (PT). 4.1.1 Full Time Admission Full-time admission is offered only to candidates who can satisfy the University that they are not in employment, or that they have received approval of their employers to undertake full-time studies. Candidates who are found to have violated this condition shall be asked to withdraw from the University.

39 4.1.2 Part-Time Admission Candidates shall be admitted to part-time studies if they are members of staff of the University or in other employment where they require a higher degree to enhance their performance and knowledge. All parttime candidates shall be required to submit evidence that they will devote a good proportion of their normal working year to their studies.

4.2 Eligibility for Admission (1) The Ph.D. Programme shall be open to candidates with the Master of Science (M.Sc.) or Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) Degree in Petroleum Engineering or its equivalent from the University of Uyo or from any other recognised institutions with an average score of not less than 60%.

(2) Candidates shall also have to fulfill the general requirements for
admission as stipulated in the University of Uyo Postgraduate School Brochure.

(3) Notwithstanding 1 and 2 above, candidates must possess the basic

requirements for admission into the Bachelors degree in Engineering Programmes of the University of Uyo.

5.0 DURATION OF PROGRAMME The duration of the programme shall be a minimum of six (6) Semesters and a maximum of eight (8) Semesters for candidates on full-time study. Parttime candidates shall study for a minimum of eight (8) semesters and a maximum of twelve (12) Semesters. For extension beyond the specified maximum period, a special permission of the Postgraduate School Board shall be required.

6.0 COURSE REQUIREMENTS (1) On admission, each candidate will be assigned a supervisor. A

40 supervisor shall advise and supervise the candidate in a way that ensures the completion of the Ph.D. programme in record time.

(2)

In addition to the 12 Credit Hours for Thesis, students must register for and pass additional 12 Credit Hours made up of 3 Credit Hours for selected topics in Petroleum Engineering Research and 9 Credit Hours for Research Seminars. All presentations will be assessed.

(3)

Students who are deficient in pre-requisite courses will be required to register for such courses and pass examinations, but the courses will not be used in the final computation for the Ph.D. Degree.

7.0 CONDITIONS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE To obtain the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), the students shall satisfy the following conditions:

(1)

Meet all the necessary requirements prescribed by the University of Uyo and/or the Postgraduate School.

(2)

Attend departmental courses on selected topics in Petroleum Engineering research.

(3)

Attend departmental seminars and present or deliver a minimum of three seminars. Candidates shall be free to choose the areas of interest in Petroleum Engineering in consultation with their Supervisors and the Department Postgraduate Committee.

(4)

Present and successfully defend a Thesis representing original research findings and substantial contributions to knowledge.

41

8.0 COURSE STRUCTURE A. Full Time Studies Course Code PEE 811 Research Seminar I PEE 812 Research Seminar II PEE 821 Research Seminar III PEE 851 Thesis PEE 865 Total 24 12 3 3 Title Selected Topics in Petroleum Engineering Research 3 3 Credit Hours

1st Semester
Course Code PEE 811 Title

B. Part Time Studies Credit Hours 3 3

Selected Topics in Petroleum Engineering Total

2nd Semester Course Code PEE 812 Title Research Seminar I Total 3rd Semester Course Code PEE 821 Title Research Seminar II Total Credit Hours 3 3 Credit Hours 3 3

42

4th Semester

Course Code PEE 851

Title

Credit Hours

Research Seminar III Total

3 3

5th 8th Semesters Course Code PEE 865 Thesis Total 12 12 Title Credit ours

9.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION PEE 811: SELECTED TOPICS IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING RESEARCH (3 CREDIT HOURS) Selected topics in the areas of research interest will be presented by Senior members of staff. Areas will include advanced topics in Petroleum Production Engineering, Drilling Engineering, Reservoir Engineering, Reservoir Characterization and Geostatistics, Gas Engineering, Petroleum Economics, Economics, Georesources Engineering, Geoenvironmental Engineering, Risk in Economic Evaluation of Processes, and Computational Techniques, etc. PEE 812: RESEASRCH SEMINAR I (3 CREDIT HOURS) Candidates shall be required to select topics in the current research areas of interest, prepare and present two major review papers for evaluation.

43

PEE 821: SEMINAR II (3 CREDIT HOURS) The Research Seminar II will comprise the following segments: (1) A candidate shall demonstrate familiarity with the literature in his or her field of research and should use the same to address two central issues namely: state what the key problem of the research is about and demonstrate why the problem is important and why it is worthy of being studied. In the presentation, the candidate must convincingly demonstrate the understanding of the methods and techniques used by other researchers in their specialized fields.

(2)

Each candidate should at this point be in the position to make a concrete proposal for a Thesis and should be ready to defend such before the Departmental Panel and External Examiner as a prelude to obtaining a firm offer to pursue the Ph.D programme.

PEE 851: RESEARCH SEMINAR III (3 CREDIT HOURS) The format and presentation shall be similar to Research Seminar II except that emphasis will be on the actual results of the candidates research work. PEE 865: THESIS (6 CREDIT HOURS) Candidates for the Ph.D. Degree shall write and submit a Thesis which shall embrace the results of the candidates research study representing original and outstanding contributions to knowledge. Examination shall be by a viva voice on the thesis and shall touch on the field of knowledge surrounding the research subject.

44

FACILITIES Type of Facility 1. Lecture Room 2. Lecture Theatre 3. Laboratories 4. Workshops 5. Studios 6. Library 7. Office accommodation

Number Available 9 1 4 1 1 17

No. of students each room can accommodate 84

No. of rooms jointly used with other Departments 5 1

1 1

LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT S/NO. EQUIPMENT 1. pH Meter 2. Conductivity Meter 3. Thermostatic cooling bath 4. Constant Temperature bath 5. Rotary Evaporator o 6. API Hydrometer 7. Pour Point Apparatus 8. Spectrophotometer 9. Redwood Viscometer 10. Dean and Stark Distillation Apparatus 11. Reid Vapour Pressure Constant Temperature Bath 12. Ramsbottom Carbon Residue Apparatus 13. Crude Petroleum Distillation Apparatus 14. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 15. Fabricated Orsbone Reynolds Apparatus 16. Deionizer 17. Oven 18. Vacuum pump 19. Stop Clock 20. Hydraulic Beneli with accessories FI-17, F1-18, F1-21, F1-22 21. Smoke Point lamp

45 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Refractometer Fluid Mixing Apparatus Osborne Reynolds Apparatus Batch Reactor Continuous Reactor Service Unit Tubular Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Service Unit Melting Point Apparatus