Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

1. INTRODUCTION: The latest computer craze has been to be able to wear wireless computers. The Computer Fashion Wave, "Digital Jewelry" looks to be the next sizzling fashion trend of the technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. Todays, manufacturers place millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be used to make small devices that store tons of digital data.. The whole concept behind this is to be able to communicate to others by means of wireless appliances. The other key factor of this concept market is to stay fashionable at the same time.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

WHAT IS DIGITAL JEWELERY? :

Digital jewelry is the fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. Digital jewelry can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. Digital jewelry is a nascent catchphrase for wearable ID devices that contain personal information like passwords, identification, and account information. They have the potential to be all-in-one replacements for your drivers license, key chain, business cards, credit cards, health insurance card, corporate security badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a common dilemma of todays wired world the forgotten password.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

2. DIGITAL JEWELRY AND ITS COMPONENTS:

Soon, cell phones will take a totally new form, appearing to have no form at all. Instead of one single device, cell phones will be broken up into their basic components and packaged as various pieces of digital jewelry. Each piece of jewelry will contain a fraction of the components found in a conventional mobile phone. Together, the digital-jewelry cell phone should work just like a conventional cell phone. The various components that are inside a cell phone: Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad, Display, Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery. IBM has developed a prototype of a cell phone that consists of several pieces of digital jewelry that will work together wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless technology, to perform the functions of the above components.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

FIGURE 1

Cell phones may one day be comprised of digital accessories that Work together through wireless connections. Here are the pieces of computerized-jewelry phone and their functions:

Earrings - Speakers embedded into these earrings will be the phone's receiver.

Necklace - Users will talk into the necklace's embedded microphone.

Ring - Perhaps the most interesting piece of the phone, this "magic decoder ring is equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming call. It can also be programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or indicate the importance of a call. Dept. Of Electronics

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Digital Jewellery

Bracelet - Equipped with a video graphics array (VGA) display, this wrist display could also be used as a caller identifier that flashes the name and phone number of the caller. With a jewelry phone, the keypad and dialing function could be integrated into the bracelet, or else dumped altogether -- it's likely that voice-recognition software will be used to make calls, a capability that is already commonplace in many of today's cell phones. Simply say the name of the person you want to call and the phone will dial that person. IBM is also working on a miniature rechargeable battery to power these components.

FIGURE 2

IBM's magic decoder rings will flash when you get a call.

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CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

The same ring that flashes for phone calls could also inform you that e-mail is piling up in your inbox. This flashing alert could also indicate the urgency of the email.

FIGURE 3 the eyepiece above displays images and data received wirelessly from the Communicator's belt module.

The mouse-ring that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point technology to wirelessly move the cursor on a computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the little button embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred TrackPoint technology to a ring, which looks something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the ring is a little black ball that users will swivel to move the cursor, in the same way that the TrackPoint button on a laptop is used. Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

This Track Point ring will be very valuable when monitors shrink to the size of watch face. In the coming age of ubiquitous computing, displays will no longer be tied to desktops or wall screens. Instead, you'll wear the display like a pair of sunglasses or a bracelet. Researchers are overcoming several obstacles facing these new wearable displays, the most important of which is the readability of information displayed on these tiny devices.

FIGURE 4

Prototype bracelet display developed by IBM

Charmed Technology is already marketing its digital jewelry, including a futuristic-looking eyepiece display. The eyepiece is the display component of the company's Charmed Communicator, a wearable, wireless, broadband-Internet device Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

that can be controlled by voice, pen or handheld keypad. The Communicator can be used as an MP3 player, video player and cell phone. The Communicator runs on the company's Linux-based Nanix operating system.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELRY:

Digital jewelry devices consist of a screen or display for information, most likely consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as electroluminescent material (EL) or others, which could become an optional display. So too, an audiovisual or other 'display' could consist of a speaker, a single flashing light, a sensor of some kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other informational aesthetic. The display layer sits on a face of the device, which is enclosed in some material such as plastic, metal, crystal, or other material. It has external switches and buttons on its side and a data-port for accessing the programmable electronic circuit inside. A micro controller that is a surface mounted device (SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are the internal 'guts' of the jewelry.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

4. DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES:

The digital jewelry display, for instance, every alphabet and number system has found representation within the electronics realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single LEDs) is used to display Chinese and Japanese and other character sets, as can the alternative display for LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays) also be used, as often found in watches.

FIGURE 5

Digital Jewelry can be made in many different sizes and shapes with a variety of materials ranging from plastic and metal to rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic properties and electronics to display information through a screen or display of some kind. This could range from LED 7-segment, 16-segment, dot matrix,

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CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

and other programmable LEDs devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays, which are all driven by the self-contained jewelry devices themselves.

5. ELECTROMAGNETIC BEADS:

The closest comparison to this model is that of 'beads' which are strung together to make a custom necklace or bracelet, with interchangeable electromagnetic component systems or devices. One bead may be a capacitor on the inside, and a solar panel on the outside. Another bead may have an internal resistor which feed power into a programmed microcontroller bead which drives an external screen, with other options available in a variety of bead configurations which compose a circuit, including beads with a piezo element, voltage regulator, crystal, or rechargeable battery as part of the modular jewel circuit. The number of data pins on the microcontroller needs to be enough to easily program the display layer plus the switches without overly complex and advanced coding methods

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Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery
The key to the device's ability to work effectively of is a balancing electronic

components within the circuit with a light-duty processing and limited power consumption required for the display (d) layer

FIGURE 6

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CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

6. PROTOTYPES OF DIGITAL JEWELRY:

FIGURE 7

Complete HIOX necklace showing all 26 letters of the Roman alphabet extended in 4-dimensional space-time. Metal with leather cord.

programmable HIOX ring with 16-segment LED display

FIGURE 8

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

7. THE JAVA RING:

Digital Jewellery

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords and keys needed to access any door or computer program. Dallas Semiconductor is developing a new Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

FIGURE 9 The Java Ring can be programmed to give you access to every door and device.
The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor, to allow communication between a host system and the Java Ring.

Fig.10.Blue Dot receptor

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter, which houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system. Digital jewelry, (designed to supplement the personal computer,) will be the evolution in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.

8.1 Highlights of Java Ring Runs Java better (plus portions enhance Java Card 2.0) Careful attention to physical security (rapid zeroization) Durability to stand up to everyday use High memory capacity (up to 134K bytes NV SRAM) Retail connectivity to 250 million existing computers (less if designed-in before manufacturing) 8.2 Components of The Java-Ring The main components of the java ring are following:Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013 JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE(JVM) 134KB OF RAM 32KB OF RAM REAL TIME CLOCK IBUTTOON BLUE DOT RECEPTOR

Digital Jewellery

8. RED TACTON
It is developed by a seven person team led by Yuichi Kado. 'Tacton' means an action that happens due to the touch.'T' refers to Touch and 'acton' refers to the action and consequences that happens due to the touch.'Red' is a color which conveys the meaning of warmth. Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks are seamlessly interconnected and information is always accessible at our fingertips. Red- Warmth, T-Touch and Acton-Action stands for Red Tacton. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data, Red Tacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) is pursuing research and development of an innovative Human Area Networking technology called Red Tacton that safely turns the surface of the human body into a data transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

between any two points on the body. Using a novel electro-optic sensor, NTT has already developed a small PCMCIA card-sized prototype Red Tacton transceiver. Red Tacton enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. Red Tacton can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life, temporary one-toone private networks based on personal handshaking, device personalization, security, and a host of other applications based on new behavior patterns enabled by Red Tacton. NTT is committed to moving Red Tacton out of the laboratory and into commercial production as quickly as possible by organizing joint field trials with partners outside the company.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

9. FEATURES RedTacton has three main functional features: 1. Touch - Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other human movements can be the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping equipment, or obtaining data.

2. Broadband and Interactive - Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of 10Mbps. Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body, transmission speed does not deteriorate in congested areas where many people are communicating at the same time.

3. Any media - In addition to the human body, various conductors and dielectrics can be used as transmission media. Conductors and dielectrics may also be used in combination.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

11 .COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening of distances in communication. RedTacton is positioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate close-range communication. Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive, allowing for easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from another aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue. Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so interception is difficult and security can be considered to be high. However, connectors and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in account, RedTacton is situated directly between wireless and wired communication. In other words, RedTacton allows for easy connection without connectors, while at the same time allowing transmission of data only between two contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

11.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body. The RedTacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the surface of the body caused by the transmitter. RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field. RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electrooptic crystal using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in an optical receiver circuit.

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Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

11.2 MECHANISM OF RED TACTON Data is received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an electrooptic crystal and a laser light to detect fluctuations in the minute electric field. The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields to be measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser beam. RedTacton is a new Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path. RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared. Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

A transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the human body comes in contact with a RedTacton transceiver. Physically separating ends the contact and thus ends communication. Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user or embedded in devices are linked in various combinations according to the user's natural, physical movements. Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as Well. The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body The electric field sensor (transistor or photonic electric field ensor) detects electric field that reaches the RedTacton receiver. Signals are processed in the receiver circuit and the data is downloaded. 11.3 REDTACTON TRANSCEIVER The signal from the interface is sent to the data sense circuit and the transmitter circuit. The data sense circuit senses the signal and if the data is present it sends control signal to the transmitter which activates the transmitter circuit. The transmitter circuit varies the electric field on the surface of our body. This change in the electric field is detected by the electro-optic sensor. The output of the electro-optic sensor is given to Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

the detector circuit, which in turn given to the interface of the receiving RED TACTON device. 11.4 WORKING PROCEDURE "RedTacton" takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data. RedTacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium. "RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal vary according to the changes of a weak electric field" A RedTacton transmitter couples with extremely weak electric fields on the surface of the body The weak electric fields pass through the body to a RedTacton receiver, where the weak electric field affects the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal. The extent to which the optical properties are changed is detected by laser light which is then converted to an electrical signal by a detector circuit. Using a new supersensitive photonic electric field sensor, Red Tacton can achieve duplex communication over the human body at a maximum speed of 10 mbps. The Red Tacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body. The Red Tacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the surface of the body caused by the transmitter. Red tacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electroDept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field. Red Tacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in a optical receiver circuit. The transmitter sends data by inducing fluctuations in the minute electric field on the surface of the human body. Data is received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an Electro-optic crystal and a laser light to detect fluctuations in the minute electric field.

The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields to be measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser beam.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

15. COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORKS

The chart below shows the positioning of Red Tacton with respect to existing communication technologies. The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening of distances in communication. Red Tacton is positioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate close-range communication. Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive, allowing for easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from another aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue. Several "human body communication" technologies using the human body as a transmission medium have been reported in the past. But RedTacton employs a proprietary electric field/photonics method, which surpasses the other methods in terms of communication distance, transfer speed, and interactivity. Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so interception is difficult and security can be considered to be high. However, connectors and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in account, Red Tacton is situated directly between wireless and wired communication. In other words, Red Tacton allows for easy connection without connectors, while at the same time allowing transmission of data only between two contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept. Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

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15.1 COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNICATION METHODS "Intra-body communication" using the human body as a transmission medium has been reported, but the electric field/photonics method employed by RedTacton is superior to conventional methods in terms of communication distance, speed, and interactivity.

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Dept. Of Electronics

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Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

16. ADVANTAGE OVER BLUETOOTH The system envisioned by NTT, utilizes a conversion method which takes digital data into a stream of low-power digital pulses. These can be easily transmitted and read back through the human electric field. While it is true that similar personal area networks are already accessible by using radio-based technologies like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, this new wireless technology claims to be able to send data over the human skin surface at transfer speeds of up to 10Mbps, or better than a broadband T1 connection. Receiving data in such a system is more complicated because the strength of the pulses sent through the electric field is so low. Red Tacton solves this issue by utilizing a technique called electric field photonics: A laser is passed though an electro-optic crystal, which deflects light differently according to the strength of the field across it. These deflections are measured and converted back into electrical signals to retrieve the transmitted data. According to Tom Zimmerman, inventor of the IBM personal networking system, body-based networking is more secure than broadcast systems, such as Bluetooth, which have a range of about 10m.The issue is that with Bluetooth, it is difficult to rein in the signal and restrict it to the device you are trying to connect to. But in a busy place there could be hundreds of Bluetooth devices within range. Moreover, body-based networking seems to allow for more natural interchanges of information between humans, as only when you are in true proximity you can make Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

this system work. There are some specific applications that would appear as being ideal matches for Red Tacton-like technologies.
(i) (ii)

REDTACTON Technology is making many things easier. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT, headquartered in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. President and CEO, Norio Wada) is pursuing research and development of an innovative Human Area Networking technology called "RedTacton".

(iii)

REDTACTON safely turns the surface of the human body into a data transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps between any two points on the body.

(iv) REDTACTON uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body.
(iv)

REDTACTON enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment.

(v)

REDTACTON can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life; temporary one-to-one private networks based on personal handshaking, device personalization, security are enabled by the redtacton.

Dept. Of Electronics

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Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

17 .ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES Advantages: 1. IT PROVIDES SECURITY For example JAVA RING is used to lock or unlock doors or computers...as we use passwords and keys to lock our doors and computers we don't need to remember all those passwords and carry all those keys. So java ring is designed to provide security

2. AS COMPUTING DEVICES are embedded it is not necessary to carry CELLS or COMPUTERS...hence it is easy to carry everywhere Disadvantages:
1. Charging capabilities 2. Cost

Dept. Of Electronics

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Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

18.CONCLUSION:

The basic idea behind the digital jewelry concept is to have the convenience of wireless, wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. It is hoped to be marketable soon, however, several bugs remain. Charging capabilities and cost are just a sample of the problems that lurk

Dept. Of Electronics

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Seminar Report on 2013 19 . REFERENCES

Digital Jewellery

Books:

1.

Mobile Communications --Jochen Schiller

2.

Bluetooth Connect without Cables--Jennifer Bray and Charles F Sturman

3.

Cellular & Mobile Communications-- LEE

Web:

www.IBM.com

www.howstuffworks.com

www.infoworld.com

www.ibutton.com

Dept. Of Electronics

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Seminar Report on 2013 ABSTRACT:

Digital Jewellery

Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, there will be an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Basically, jewelry adorns the body, and has very little practical purpose. However, researchers are looking to change the way we think about the beads and bobbles we wear. The combination of microcomputer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence i.e., Digital jewelry. Digital jewelry can best be defined as wireless, wearable computers that allow you to communicate by ways of email, voicemail, and voice communication. This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewelry (like ear-rings, necklace, ring, bracelet, etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence.

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords and keys needed to access any door or computer program. This paper Dept. Of Electronics CAS, Thodupuzha

Seminar Report on 2013

Digital Jewellery

discusses about a new Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

Dept. Of Electronics

CAS, Thodupuzha