Joint Annual Conference of I.A.S.

, ISPQS, IHCS

Economic Organizations of Gupta Period and its Role in Social Empowerment

Dr. Ankit Agarwal

In the Beginning of Human Life

Livelihood & Survival Human unity
Effects Effects Need

Human as a Food Gatherer

Efforts

Need

Roaming in groups
Effects

Protection from wild animals

Need fulfill

Population increase

Effects

Need increase

First Revolution In Human Life

Human as a Food Producer
Need Efforts

Achieve yield for survival Maximum utilization of labour

Technical development
Effects

Fulfillment of basic Human organized on the human needs basis of economic reason Surplus production

Origin Of Economic Organization

Development of Trade, Industry & Craft
Need

Surplus production

Efforts

Arranged and Organized these activities

Efforts

Development of economic organization

Need

Trade of Indus Civilization

Development Of Economic Organizations :In the Primary Stage

Indus Need Civilization Fulfillment of economic need of society
Need Efforts

Increase commercial activities Reputation increase

Efforts

Vedic & Later Vedic period

Need of Skilled Labour

Efforts

Professional Education

Development Of Economic Organizations: In the Secondary Stage

IInd Revolution 600-300 Need Need based on B.C. Utilization of Metal monetary management
Efforts

Establishment of commercial activities

Efects

Goodwill increase

Controlling position of business activities

Development Of Economic Organizations

Maurya Period Attach with Military activities Attach with Administrative work Attach with Judicial work Goodwill Increase

Post Maurya Period

Development of these Activities before the Gupta Period

600 B.C. 300 B.C. 100 B.C. 300 A.D. Commercial activities Administrati-ve activities Military activities Judicial activities
Development Period Establish Period Establish Period Establish Period Establish Period Establish Period

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Establish Period Development Period

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Types Of Economic Organization In Gupta Period

1. Sreni (Guild) Different social background of members Created to achieve economic goals Related to same trade or production of specific commodity or craft like Guild of Jewelers, Guild of wine growers, Guild of Handcrafters etc.

Types Of Economic Organization In Gupta Period

2. Nigam Same region Same level of traders like retailer, wholesaler etc. Created to solve the business related problems

Types Of Economic Organization In Gupta Period

3. Kulik Organization of producer of same commodity like sugar Industry, Textile etc. 4. Sarth Related to distance trade Probably organized on the basis of trade area

Economic Organization : Expansion

Vertically Expansion
Kalidass mentioned guilds of architects Description of Jambu-Dvip Pragyapti about 18 types of guilds Well-known Historian like Altekar & Block accept vertical expansion of such organization

Horizontal expansion
Description of Mahavastu about many different guilds of Kapilvastu like Pravarik (Seller of sheets), Sidhukarak (Distiller), Maniyar (jewellers)

Economic Organization : Working

Independent and free hold in own field These were working jointly according to need Joint seals of Nigam and Kulik from Bhita Joint seals of sreni, Kulik and Nigam from Basarh

Economic Organization :Joint Working

Samrajya (Country) Pranta (State) Aahar / Visay (District) City / Town / village Sreni Kulik Nigam Sarth

Sreni

Kulik

Nigam

Sarth

Sreni

Kulik

Nigam

Sarth

Sreni

Kulik

Nigam

Sarth

Inner Structure of Economic Organization

Development on Democratic base Own Independent Constitution Specific Flag & Office Economic source of organizations Democratic approach State would respect that Donation Interest of money Penalty (members) Benefit received from social work

Inner Structure of Economic Organization

President Elected on the basis of merits and demerits between the members of organization Karya-chintak Working as a assistant of President Working for community welfare were their responsibility Person who was not child, old, miser, voluptuary were not eligible

Inner Structure of Economic Organization

Members Person, who was responsible, honest, competent, religious and knower of the Vedas- as per Brahaspati smrti Follow the constitution and rules of organization Individually & collectively responsible for capital investment, social and religious works, profit & losses, donation on the basis of mutual agreement

Relation with Monarchy

Such organizations received authorization letter from the monarchy. The set parameters by the monarchy and society can not overruled by such organizations These organizations should not work against the monarchy and fulfill their responsibility for the same

Relation with Monarchy

Responsibility of Kings Execution of punishment passed by economic organization In case of fraud and breach of contract against such organization to be punished by monarchy Protection of these secrets

Relation with Monarchy

Rights of King If these organizations were not give taxes properly, King had right to collect 8 times penalty Inspection and Supervision of such organization Power to impose penalty of any irregularities of such organizations

Commercial Activities
Running Trade & Industry Manufacturing of daily usage product Production integration Price & Quality assessment Distribution & Marketing of product Professional Education Work as a banker Work as a Trusty Earning Foreign Wealth

Other Activities
Social Activities Construction of Infra-Structure like road, garden, halls, pond, canal etc. Arrange the marriages of poor peoples Moral advancement of society Religious Activities Publicity Of religious view Establish the religious theory in society Construction of Mythological places Administrative Work Members of such organization were administrator of major cities in Gupta period

Other Activities
Military Work Maintain a army Used their army in the state interest in adverse time Judicial Work Economic organizations were included in gradation of courts Brihaspati Smrti Economic organizations stand second position in four type of courts Narad Smrti

THANK YOU