125270357.xls.

ms_office

A
B
C
D
Fluid
Properties
-from
Batzle
and
Wang
models
1
2 Inputs
Conversion
Ta
(abs)
3 Temperature
80 C
4 Pressure
P
(MPa)
2,500 (psi)
5 Gas gravity
Rho(G) at surface
0.55 s.grav.
6 Gas-Oil Ratio
Rg (l/l)
400 (scf/stb)
7 Oil Gravity
Rho(0) at surface
25 API
8
S(ppm/1,000,000)
18,000 (ppm)
9 Brine salinity
10 Results:
11
12 Gas Density:
13
14 Gas Modulus:
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Dead Oil Density:

Dead Oil Modulus:

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

G
Constants
Gas Constant
Rho (air)

353.15
17.2369
0.0006721
71.24
0.90
0.02

0.10 g/cm3
34 MPa

Ppr = 3.6915
Gamma0 = 1.9457

Tpr = 1.8722
dZdPpr = 0.0024

0.87 g/cm3
1,521 MPa

RhoT = 0.8653
V = 1,325.7

RhoP = 0.9130

8.3145
0.001222

E = 0.1329
D = -0.2432

Z = 0.9235
A = 0.0527

Rgmaxfrac = 56.84

Max GOR for this Oil:

319 scf/stb

Live Oil (max) Density:

Live Oil (max) Modulus:

0.77 g/cm3
970 MPa

Rlot = 0.7712
Vl = 1,121.3

Rlop = 0.8136
Rpr = 0.7286

Rhg = 0.8019

B = 1.1743

Live Oil (spec) Density:

Live Oil (spec) Modulus:

0.76 g/cm3
898 MPa

Rlotspec = 0.7587
Vlspec = 1,087.9

Rlopspec = 0.8005
Rprspec = 0.6995

Rhgspec = 0.7883

Bspec = 1.2066

Brine Density:
Brine Modulus:
Max GWR for this Brine:

0.993 g/cm3
2,552 MPa
12 scf/stb

Rhobrine = 0.9929
Vbrine = 1603.35
Rgwfrac = 2.1068

Rhofresh = 0.9806
Vfresh = 1589.09
LogRgw = 0.3236

Live Brine Modulus:

2,312 MPa

Mixtures:
Gas Saturation
Oil Saturation
Brine Saturation

======> Mixture Results:

Density
Dead Modulus
Velocity
Mixture Results:
20.78 MPa
Density
3013 psi
Modulus
Velocity
Mixture Results:
Density
Modulus
Velocity

Bubble Point Pressure

Wayne D. Pennington

0.00
0.75
0.25

Kbl = 2311.81
Dead Fluids + Gas
0.90 g/cm3
1692 MPa
4505 ft/s
Live Fluids (Spec)
0.82 g/cm3
1060 MPa
3737 ft/s
Live Fluids (Max)
0.83 g/cm3
1134 MPa
3843 ft/s

MOC-PTC

Calculator:
80.00 F -> C 26.67
70.00 MPa->psi 10153
3000.00 ft/s->m/s 914.40

These two
sets of
calculations
assume that
the brine is
"live"

5:28 AM 1/21/2013

Gassmann Modeling

Est'd
Vp
9000
111
2.743

Vs
5000
200
1.524

Rhob Castag.
2.120 Tosaya
Han
MUDRK

Fluid properties
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Kw
2.200
0.319

Rhow
1.090

Khyd Rhohyd
.0100 0.100
.0015

Grain properties
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Kg
40.0
5.8

Rhog
2.650

Vs

Vclay

5286
4729
4675
3912

-0.06
0.06
0.23

Help

PRb
0.28

Dry Rock properties

dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Kr
4.77
0.69

Vpr
8350

Vsr
5504

Vp/Vsb
1.80
PRr
0.12

Eb
12.57
1.82

Por
.340

Vp/Vsr
1.52

Rhor
1.75

1-Kr/Kg =alpha=

Spreadsheet by Wayne D. Pennington

Vssw
5451
5400
5351
5303
5256
5211
5167
5123
5081
5040
5020
5008
5004
5000

PRsw Vp/Vsw Rhosw

0.12
1.52
1.784
0.12
1.52
1.817
0.12
1.52
1.851
0.12
1.52
1.885
0.12
1.52
1.918
0.12
1.52
1.952
0.12
1.52
1.985
0.12
1.52
2.019
0.12
1.52
2.053
0.13
1.53
2.086
0.14
1.54
2.103
0.16
1.58
2.113
0.19
1.62
2.117
0.28
1.80
2.120

Vp/Vsw

2.40
2.30
2.20

8000
2.10
7000

0.881

Angle:
30
Kfsw AI/1000 EI/1000
.010
14.77 0.134
.011
14.91 0.135
.012
15.05 0.136
.014
15.18 0.137
.017
15.32 0.139
.020
15.46 0.14
.025
15.60 0.142
.033
15.75 0.145
.049
15.90 0.15
.096
16.11 0.162
.184
16.31 0.187
.409
16.69 0.262
.690
17.12 0.38
2.200
19.08 1.639

Velocity (ft/sec)

Gb
4.92
0.71

Vssw

9000

2.00

6000

1.90
1.80

5000

1.70
4000
1.60
3000

1.50

2000

1.40
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Water Saturation
Impedance
(ft/s*g/cc)/1000

Kb
9.39
1.36

Vpsw
8279
8203
8129
8058
7988
7922
7858
7799
7747
7720
7755
7900
8089
9000

Vpsw

10000

SonPor
.332
compare

Computed properties
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Sw
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.95
0.98
0.99
1.00

Fluid Substitutions, Knowing Vs

Vp/Vs

Measured inputs (Sw=1)

ft/s, g/cm3
us/ft
km/s

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Michigan Technological University

AI/1000

EI/1000

This example printed 5:28 AM 1/21/2013

Fluid properties
Kw
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa) 2.500
psi E+06 0.363

Rhow
1.027

Khyd
.4820
.0699

Rhohyd
0.750

Grain properties
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Kg
35.0
5.1

Rhog
2.650

Computed properties
Kb
dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa) 10.13
psi E+06, us/ft 1.47

Gb
3.08
0.45

PRb
0.36

Dry Rock properties

dyne/cm2 E+10 (=GPa)
psi E+06

Kr
5.13
0.74

Vpr
7461

This worksheet assumes

that you do NOT know Vs
and have to assume a dryframe Poisson's ratio PRr.

Sw
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.95
0.98
0.99
1.00

Vpsw
7384
7400
7422
7451
7490
7543
7616
7718
7867
8099
8269
8399
8448
8500

Spreadsheet by Wayne D. Pennington

Vp/Vsb
2.15

Eb
8.38
1.22

Por
.327

Vsr
4308

PRr
0.25

Vp/Vsr
1.73

Rhor
1.78

Vssw
4039
4030
4021
4013
4004
3995
3986
3978
3969
3961
3956
3954
3953
3952

PRsw
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36

Rhosw
2.030
2.039
2.048
2.057
2.066
2.075
2.084
2.093
2.102
2.111
2.115
2.118
2.119
2.120

Kfsw
.482
.524
.575
.636
.712
.808
.935
1.108
1.361
1.762
2.067
2.307
2.400
2.500

PRsw

0.4

0.6

0.8

8000
7000

6000

Velocity (ft/sec)

5000

4000
3000

0.10

Consider
using
"Fluid
Subs Vp" if you do not
know Vs; you might
compare your results from
this worksheet with the
results from that one.

SonPor
.351
compare

Vssw

9000

Help
Vs
3952
253

Vpsw

0.20

If you know Vs, use the

"Fluid Subs Vs" worksheet
instead.

Fluid Substitutions, Assuming Dry-Frame PRr

Poisson's Ratio

0.06
0.17
0.34

2000

1000
0
0.0

0.2

1.0

0.00

Vclay

4754
4238
4194
3481

0.30

Vs

Castag.
Tosaya
Han
MUDRK

0.40

Est'd
PRr
0.25

0.50

Gassmann Modeling
Measured inputs
Vp
Rhob
ft/s, g/cm3
8500 2.120
us/ft 118
km/s 2.591

Water Saturation
1-Kr/Kg =alpha=

Michigan Technological University

0.854

This example printed 5:28 AM 1/21/2013

Computing Fluid Substitutions When Vs is not available -- using M, the Compressional-Wave Modulus Only
Input:

Vp (ft/s)
Rhob (g/cc)
Porosity
K fluid (GPa)
M matrix (GPa)

10,000
2.2
0.28
2.2
100

Computed

M original (GPa)
M dryframe (GPa)

20.44
15.01

New Fluid

K fluid' (GPa)
Rhob' (g/cc)

0.03
1.94

M new (GPa)

15.08

Result:

Vp new (ft/s)

porosity calculations:
Rho matrix
2.65
Rho fluid
1.05
Rhob
2.20
Porosity
0.28

density calculations:
Rho matrix
2.65
Rho fluid'
0.12
Porosity
0.28
Rhob'
1.94

9,148

To turn comments off [or on], go to "Tools" then "Options" and select "None" [or "Comments only"] from

mpressional-Wave Modulus Only

"None" [or "Comments only"] from the "View" tab for Comments.

CRACK MODEL:
Note: The value placed in c(por) must not exceed the value of the corresponding aspect ratio!
KUSTER - TOKSOZ
c(por)
phi
g
F1
F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
matrix K
70 aspect >
.080 000
7E-1
-4E-1 5E-1 0.2 0.5 0.5 ### 0.5
matrix u
40 .990 000
.050 000
1E-1
-2E-2 5E-1 0.1 0.2 0.9 4E-1 0.1
matrix rho
2.71 .100 000
.020 000 Chart values
7E-2
-4E-3 5E-1
0 0.1 0.9 4E-1
0
fluid K
2.4E+0 .050 000
.005 000 from this
2E-2 1.000
-2E-4 000
6E-1
0
0
1 4E-1
0
fluid u
0 .010 000
.000 000 portion shown 8E-3
-5E-5 6E-1
0
0
1 4E-1
0
fluid rho
1 .005 000
.000 000 in PINK
2E-3
-2E-6 6E-1
0
0
1 4E-1
0
Vp matrix
22,132 .001 000
.000
500
.000
000
8E-4
-5E-7
6E-1
0
0
1
4E-1
0
Vs matrix
12,605
.000
100
.000
000
2E-4
-2E-8
6E-1
0
0
1
4E-1
0
Vp/Vs mat
1.76
.100
000
.000 000
8E-5
-5E-9 6E-1
0
0
1 4E-1
0
effective K
31.09 .000 050
.000 000
2E-5
-2E-10 6E-1
0
0
1 4E-1
0
effective u
20.39 .000 010
total
.155 000
R
0.3
B
0
bulk rho
2.44
62.4
Vp/Vs1
Vp1
16,018
.010 000
105.5
1.69
Vs1
9,475
matrix K
matrix u
matrix rho
fluid K
fluid u
fluid rho
Vp matrix
Vs matrix
Vp/Vs mat
effective K
effective u
bulk rho
Vp1
Vs1

70 aspect >
40 .990 000
2.71 .100 000
2.4E+0 .050 000
0 .010 000
1 .005 000
22,132 .001 000
12,605 .000 500
1.76 .000 100
30.64 .000 050
15.69 .000 010
total
2.44
66.4
15,068
120.3
8,312

Summary

c(por)

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

.080 000

7E-1

-4E-1

5E-1

0.2

0.5

0.5 ###

0.5

.050 000

1E-1

-2E-2
.001

5E-1
000

0.1

0.2

0.9 4E-1

0.1

.020 000 Chart values

.005 000 from this
.000 000 portion shown
.000 000 in GREEN

7E-2

-4E-3

5E-1

0.1

0.9 4E-1

2E-2

-2E-4

6E-1

1 4E-1

8E-3

-5E-5

6E-1

1 4E-1

2E-3

-2E-6

6E-1

1 4E-1

.000 500

8E-4

.000
-5E-7 100
6E-1

1 4E-1

.000 000

2E-4

-2E-8

6E-1

1 4E-1

.000 000

8E-5

-5E-9

6E-1

1 4E-1

.000 000

2E-5

-2E-10

6E-1

1 4E-1

.155 500

.000

R
010

0.3

Vp/Vs1
1.81

Bottom

Change

Vp 16,018

15,068

-5.9%

Vs

9,475

8,312

-12.3%

Vp/Vs

1.69

1.81

7.2%

Top

phi

Crack Porosity

Pore As

.000 001
.990 000 .100 000 .050 000

Crack Aspect Rati

ue of the corresponding aspect ratio!

(Intermediate calculations are behind the graph -- drag it aside to see.)

F7

F8

0.989100225

-0.021175

F9

cT1

-0.039678136

cT2
5E-1

8E-1

Pore
Aspect
Ratio Distribution
1.754048978
-0.244068
0.037053254
1E+0
1E+0

0.99

0.08

0.1

0.05

1.867530047

-0.283959

0.022365792

7E-1

7E-1

0.05

0.02

1.971790622

-0.32157

0.005200183

3E-1

7E-1

0.01

0.005

1.985781186

-0.326682

0.002649594

7E-22

2E-21

0.005

1E-23

1.997137742

-0.330842

0.000537979

0E+0

0E+0

0.001

1E-23

1.998567707

-0.331366

0.000269498

0E+0

0E+0

0.0005

1E-23

1.999713355

-0.331787

5.3981E-05

0E+0

0E+0

0.0001

1E-23

1.999856666

-0.331839

2.69956E-05

0E+0

0E+0

0.00005

1E-23

1.999971331

-0.331881

5.39994E-06

0E+0

0E+0

0.00001

1E-23

2.522814001

3.218117812

A -1

F7

F8

0.989100225

-0.021175

-0.039678136

F9

5E-1

8E-1

0.99000

0.08

1.754048978

-0.244068

0.037053254

1E+0

1E+0

0.10000

0.05

1.867530047

-0.283959

0.022365792

7E-1

7E-1

0.05000

0.02

1.971790622

-0.32157

0.005200183

3E-1

7E-1

0.01000

0.005

1.985781186

-0.326682

0.002649594

0E+0

0E+0

0.00500

1E-23

1.997137742

-0.330842

0.000537979

0E+0

0E+0

0.00100

1E-23

1.998567707

-0.331366

0.000269498

4E-2

1E+0

0.00050

0.0005

1.999713355

-0.331787

5.3981E-05

0E+0

0E+0

0.00010

1E-23

1.999856666

-0.331839

2.69956E-05

0E+0

0E+0

0.00005

1E-23

1.999971331

-0.331881

5.39994E-06

0E+0

0E+0

0.00001

1E-23

2.565829213

4.314616707

A -1

cT1

cT2

.100 000 .050 000 .010 000 .005 000 .001 000 .000 500 .000 100 .000 050 .000 010

Crack Aspect Ratio (1=sphere~.99)

TITLE: Enter Description

Vp (ft/s)
4,500
7,500
8,500
9,500
8,000
R(0) =
-.1555

Lyr
1
2
3
4
5

PR
.00
.25
.25
.35
.18

Rhob
1.000
2.000
2.100
2.300
2.000
sign grad
0.092

ft to
base
500
2000
2400
2800
3200

.000
Vs
3,182
4,330
4,907
4,564
4,998

-.050

----->

-.100
-.150
-.200
-.250
0

2500
Offset (in feet)

5000

Individual Reflector Amplitudes

.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.1
.0
-.1
-.2
-.3

Bottom Reflector Amplitude as Function of

Square of Angle of Incidence
.000
1.6

12

Shuey approx shown by shaded line

-.050

0.6
0.4

-.200
5

10

15

20

25

30

Angle of Incidence

Wayne D. Pennington

1.2
0.8

-.150

1.4
1.0

-.100

34

23

>

(standard scale)

35

40

45

-.250
0.00

Marathon Oil Co. PTC

0.2
0.25
[ sin (angle) ]^2

0.0
0.50

-0.4

5:28 AM 1/21/2013

Vp(fluid)

1.5
5.8

C=

0.67

Vp(matrix)
Porosity Vp(Wyllie) Vp(Raymer) Vp("Field")
0.000
5.800
5.800
5.800
0.025
5.412
5.551
5.584
0.050
5.073
5.310
5.367
0.075
4.774
5.075
5.151
0.100
4.508
4.848
4.934
0.125
4.270
4.628
4.718
0.150
4.056
4.416
4.501
0.175
3.862
4.210
4.285
0.200
3.686
4.012
4.069
0.225
3.526
3.821
3.852
0.250
3.379
3.638
3.636
0.275
3.243
3.461
3.419
0.300
3.118
3.292
3.203
0.325
3.003
3.130
2.987
0.350
2.895
2.976
2.770
0.375
2.795
2.828
2.554
0.400
2.702
2.688
2.337
Matrix properties:
Typical Ranges:
m/s
ft/s
Sandstone
5480
5950
17,979
Limestone
6400
7000
20,997
Dolomite
7000
7025
22,966
(Ranges taken from Mavko et al, Rock Physics Handbook)

Vp versus Porosity
7.000
6.000
5.000
4.000
Vp

Units in = Units out

3.000
2.000
1.000
0.000
0.0

19,521
22,966
23,048

Vp(Wyllie)

Vp versus Porosity

Vp(Raymer)
Vp("Field")

0.1

0.2
Porosity

0.3

0.4

Velocity Conversions
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
Velocity (km/s)

5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5

1.0
0.5
0.0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

DT (slowness) usec/ft
PR
Vp/Vs
0.00
1.41
0.05
1.45
0.10
1.50
0.15
1.56
0.20
1.63
0.25
1.73
0.30
1.87
0.35
2.08
0.40
2.45
0.45
3.32
Vp/Vs to PR
Vp/Vs
1.939
PR
0.319

Vp/Vs from Poisson's Ratio

3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2

Vp/Vs ratio

ms/ft
km/s
ft/s
1524.0
0.2
656
762.0
0.4
1,312
508.0
0.6
1,969
381.0
0.8
2,625
304.8
1.0
3,281
254.0
1.2
3,937
217.7
1.4
4,593
190.5
1.6
5,249
169.3
1.8
5,906
152.4
2.0
6,562
138.5
2.2
7,218
127.0
2.4
7,874
117.2
2.6
8,530
108.9
2.8
9,186
101.6
3.0
9,843
95.2
3.2
10,499
89.6
3.4
11,155
84.7
3.6
11,811
80.2
3.8
12,467
76.2
4.0
13,123
72.6
4.2
13,780
69.3
4.4
14,436
66.3
4.6
15,092
63.5
4.8
15,748
61.0
5.0
16,404
58.6
5.2
17,060
56.4
5.4
17,717
54.4
5.6
18,373
52.6
5.8
19,029
50.8
6.0
19,685
49.2
6.2
20,341
47.6
6.4
20,997
46.2
6.6
21,654
44.8
6.8
22,310
43.5
7.0
22,966
Velocity and DT
one
20,000
other
50

.00

.05

.10

.15

.20

.25

.30

.35

.00
PR to Vp/Vs
PR
0.333
Vp/Vs
2.000

.05

.10

.15

.20

.25

.30

PR (Poisson's ratio)

.35

Find Average Properties of 3 Minerals

HELP
Porosity
0.200
Fraction mineral 1:
0.250
Fraction mineral 2:
0.300
Fraction mineral 3:
0.250

26,000
24,000
22,000
20,000

16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000

Velocity (ft/s)

18,000

Kg mineral 1:
Kg mineral 2:
Kg mineral 3:

70.0
40.0
50.0

Rho mineral 1:
Rho mineral 2:
Rho mineral 3:

2.650
2.770
2.330

Find Average Properties of 2 Minerals

HELP
Porosity
0.250
Fraction mineral 1:
0.250
Fraction mineral 2:
0.500
Kg mineral 1:
Kg mineral 2:

70.0
70.0

Rho mineral 1:
Rho mineral 2:

2.650
2.710

4,000
2,000
400

450

500

Find Average Properties of 2 Fluids

HELP
Fraction fluid 1:
Fraction fluid 2:

0.400
0.600

Kw fluid 1:
Kw fluid 2:

2.4200
0.4800

Rho fluid 1:
Rho fluid 2:

1.080
0.740

Find Density from Porosity or Porosity

from Density
HELP
Mineral density
2.700
Fluid density
1.000

.35

.40

.45

.50

Rock Density
2.150

Porosity
0.324

Porosity
0.320

Rock Density
2.156

.35

.40

.45

.50

es of 3 Minerals
Solid fraction
0.313
0.375
0.313
Kg total grains:
49.8

Rhog total grains:

2.595

Meters to Feet
Meters
1500
Feet
4921
Feet to Meters
Feet
5280
Meters
1609
deg C to F
deg C
0
deg F
32
deg F to C
deg F
212
deg C
100

es of 2 Minerals
Solid fraction
0.333
0.667

MPa to psi
MPa
10
psi
1450

Kg total grains:
70.0

psi to MPa
psi
2000
MPa
13.79

Rhog total grains:

2.690

ies of 2 Fluids

Kw total fluid:
0.7066
Rho total fluid:
0.876

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Wayne D. Pennington
Version 1.5 Not for resale
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