Jan. 2010
Contents
Introduction ..... 3 Chapter one: Theories of public transportation network in the cities planning4
1.1 introduction..... 4 1.2 Urban Development approaches........4 1.3 Self Sufficiency of the new cities planning ....... 5 1.4 The principles of the public transportation network... 5
Chapter two: Applications of the public transportation networking in cities through history... 6
2.1 Planning overview of Germany.......... 6 2.1.1 Long-Distance public Transport network in Germany............. 6 2.1.2 Public Transportation network of Munich, Germany ......... 7 2.2 Public transport network of Jonkoping, Sweden..... 8 2.3 Public Transportation network of Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt ...... 9
Chapter three: Measuring the public transportation network of new cities of Egypt the case of 10 of Ramadan city....10
3.1 introduction........................................................................................................ 10 3.2 City overview...................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Development plans for the tenth of Ramadan city...10 3.3.1 Housing and City centers development plans.......... 11 3.3.1 Industrial Areas ............. 11 3.3.1 Transportation and Road Networks ............ 11 3.4 Public transportation network in tenth of Ramadan city .. 12 4. Conclusion.. 13 References.......... 14
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1 Long-Distance public transport network ... 6 Fig. 2.2 map of Munich's S-Bahn and U-Bahn networks ....... 7 Fig. 2.3 map Jonkoping citys transportation networks. .... 8 Fig. 3.1 map of Tenth of Ramadan city location..10 Fig. 3.2 Tenth of Ramadan city master plan ...11
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Introduction:-
The new cities established in Egypt for many objectives, including an easing of
population pressure on the existing cities, the resources available to invest in Egypt's desert and coastline, the establishment of industries in specific areas to take advantage of the economic output at the provincial level diagram, increasing the national income, and advancing development. The new cities in Egypt suffer from isolation and low population compared to the planned for these cities, and in spite of what was in these cities from large investments in land and facilities. The increase in city size with populations affects the distribution of goods and services in the down town then it lead the governmental to plan a new cities, however the new cities in Egypt turn into a burden on the state budget as the problems and disadvantages suffered by the new cities as it was planned to offers opportunities of providing a physical and social environment that in all respects embodies the most progressive attitudes but it still suffer from isolation and low population, these experiments aim to achieve developmental strategic aspects in the fields of urbanization, so it is important to know if those new cities achieve its objective and main principles? Why these new cities didnt attract people. The research aims to analyses the urban development approach of the new cities so as to play an important role in attracting residents. Transportation is a key to the productivity, and therefore the success of the connection between the different urban settlements. It is the most fundamental level in the city planning, however the Transportation routes attract business and allow new and larger towns to develop along it, especially interstate highways, also reflect the transportation principle. Public transports accomplish the important public policy objectives of reducing traffic congestion, air pollution and energy consumption. Transport facilities are still one of the most important locational factors in the process of entrepreneurial decision-making (Grabow et al.
1995).
The research propose hypothesis that Public transports network on the regional level of the city planning play role in connection the new cities with the main agglomeration , therefore it help in attraction the inhabitants and leads to urban development. The research Methods invented to test the Hypothesis and answer the research question, so the structure of the paper is as follows. Chapter one: Theories of public transportation network in the citys planning as a definition of the research problem. Chapter two deals with the applications of the public transportation networking in cities through history. Chapter three measuring the public transportation network of new cities of Egypt the case of 10 of Ramadan city. Chapter four draw the conclusion of the paper.
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transport routes and at junctions of different types of transportation to connect each district with the main core city, second a pattern of specialized function centers which develop, singly or in clusters, around a localized physical resource.
Peter Hall (Cities and Civilization) has documented the failure of Swedish new
towns to achieve self-sufficiency, while the average new town worker in the London area commutes a distance double that of the diameter of residential new town (http://www.demographia.com/db-seuknewtowns.htm).The only way to make a new town self-sufficient is to place it so far from any other urbanization that residents have no choice but to work in the local area. From this issue there are two different thought in the new cities planning one to be self sufficient near the agglomeration and the other one is to be self sufficient but isolated.
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Chapter two: Applications of the public transportation networking in cities through history 2.1 Planning overview of Germany
The onset of World War I and the destruction of parts of European cities sent many city reformers to the drawing table. Physical changes like those proposed to city blocks and streets, as the city boundaries expanded in an unrestrained fashion, a new apparatus of planning to bridge the gap between the city, the suburbs and the open region was sought, however the most clear in the new cities planning in Germany the road and transportation network as Germany has a very modern transportation network. The country is known for its high-speed autobahns, efficient railroads, and busy ports. The network is modern, reflecting improvements to the antiquated roads in the East under the reconstruction program (reconstruction of the East), which lead to the construction or upgrade of 13,200 kilometres of federal highways or trunk roads by the end of 2001 in the 1 new states in the East . In 1991 the railroads in the West began to introduce high-speed inter-cities service. High-speed trains can travel as fast as 250 kilometres /hour.
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To improve the East-German transport infrastructure in general, To create high-quality transport facilities between the business centers in the eastern and Western part of Germany. To diminish problems caused by intra-urban transport. To improve the locational advantages for investors.
://travel-to germany.net/germany/german_transportation_network.htm
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The perspective of the city of Munich is towards expanding Transport Network (The metro (underground) was built for the 1972, the underground train service is called the U-Bahn, The city of Munich also has a well developed bus and tram network run by The Munich Transport and Tariff Association (MVV).
Fig. 2.2 map of Munich's S-Bahn and U-Bahn networks. Source/ www.urbantransport-technology.com/projects/munich
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http://www.difu.de/projektforen/iuk/dokumente/transport.shtml http://www.urbantransport-technology.com/projects/munich
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Fig. 2.3 map Jonkoping citys transportation networks. Source/ Council of European Municipalities and Regions 2003
(Sources: Council of European Municipalities and Regions 2003, Marie 2001, Rye et al. 2005).
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the public purpose research, Presentation by Wendell Cox to the Transit New Zealand Land Transport Symposium Wellington, July 1996. Number 11
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Chapter three: Measuring the public transportation network of new cities of Egypt the case of 10 of Ramadan city 3.1 Introductions
The case study method is used to validate the model proposed of the research (public transportation network of the new cities of Egypt) and it one of the parameters to test the hypothesis, It is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between the phenomena and the context are not clearly evident (Yin, 1994,).
first stage of tenth of Ramadan final report, 1978, Ministry of Housing and new communities.
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Tram line
The public transport system is based on a system with its own right of way. It will provide direct connections between communities and industrial areas and the city center. The communities are located along the routes thereby making it possible to cover the entire city with minimum public transport lines.
Local buses
These buses will provide when the city is fully developed to be inside the communities and from the neighbourhood units to the nearest tram station.
This part of The paper study the planning of the tenth of Ramadan city and find that the development of the city comprises several competing planning tasks first, achieving balanced development. Second, ensuring a realistic housing programme meets the existing socio-economic demand. Third, create flexibility and adaptability of the urban structure. The planning implies that people moving to the city intending to work in the different industrial sectors to settle and live in the city but the planning failed to achieve this due to several factors, some of them is the regional connection of the city to the different part didnt implement till now and the city depend up on the local buses that serve between the communities.
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4. Conclusion
This paper tried to demonstrate the importance of Public transportation network planning and design for the possible success of public transport in both urban settlements and districts. It also presented some principles of line structuring and network design which are likely to forward development of an efficient, high quality public travel network with focus on the connection between the new cities and the agglomeration on the regional level as this leads to the creation of an attractive alternative to the people to reside the new cities, However, the factor of the public transportation is one of various number of aspects that need further verification. To conclude up, public transportation network effect in different real world situations to be a useful system for Solutions in different types of urban and rural regions used to verify and develop. To serve an environmental need by providing an alternative to the automobile and thereby reducing traffic congestion, air pollution and energy consumption. A concern for the environment is integrated into community design in various ways such as through regional and local connections to transit (Carter, 2004). Accomplish specific levels of mobility for the disadvantaged and to obtain a specific urban travel market share depending on the community.
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References:
BASKIN Carlisle W., London, 1966, Central places in southern Germany (traduction partielle de DS: cit CP). Elsheshtawy, Yasser (2004). Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope in a Globalizing World. Routledge. pp. 144151 Gideon Golany, New Towns Planning: Principles and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976. Dobrowolska, Agnieszka; Jaroslaw Dobrowolski (2006). Heliopolis - Rebirth of the City of the Sun. American University in Cairo Press
Bruton, Michael J., Introduction to Transportation Planning, 3rd Ed., Hutchinson (1985)
Journal of Engineering Sciences (JES), Assiut University, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 231-244, January 2003, EVALUATION OF THE EGYPTIAN EXPERIMENT IN ESTABLISHMENT THE NEW TOWNS IN THE DESERT AREAS. Council of European Municipalities and Regions, 2003.
Rye, T. et al. (2005). HiTrans Best practice guide no. 5. Public transport Citizens Requirements. Stage 2 Case studies. Stavanger (NO), HiTrans, c/o Rogaland County Council. ISBN 82-990111-6-7.
Websites
http://www.urbantransport-technology.com/projects/munich/, dec., 2009 http://travel-to germany.net/germany/german_transportation_network.htm, dec., 2009 http://www.difu.de/projektforen/iuk/dokumente/transport.shtml, dec. , 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopolis_(Cairo_suburb), dec., 2009 http://www.allacademic.com/, dec., 2009 http://www.emdb.gov.eg/, Jan. 2010
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