Module #13a

Rheological Models for Deformation and The Schematic Representation of Real Materials Behavior
SUGGESTED READING*
J. Lemaitre and J-L. Chaboche, Mechanics of Solid Materials (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990) pp. 99-108. S.M. Edelglass, Engineering Materials Science (The Ronald Press, New York, 1966) pp. 437-445. N.E. Dowling: Ch. 5, pp. 171-182

*This list does not mean that you need to read all of these chapters.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

It has been assembled to provide you with suggested reading from that you may be using OR referring to in your course. Most of these chapters cover similar material. Any required reading will be noted separately.

Introduction
Qualitatively, we can describe deformation by several adjectives:
elastic. plastic. p viscous, or combinations of the above. above

It can be instructive to define deformation in terms b i t ti t d fi d f ti i t of mechanical elements that respond to loads in the same manner as engineering materials materials.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

Models for Deformation Behavior

Mechanical elements used to aid understanding of various forms of deformation.
Linear springs Frictional sliders Viscous dashpots Spring clips
These things are g analogues for deformation behavior.

Characteristics of all can be related to modes of deformation (and the adjectives mentioned on the previous viewgraph) viewgraph).
Prof. M.L. Weaver

Rheological models for deformation

Load extension

When load removed, spring contracts

Must M t overcome f i ti friction. Critical force for motion Po=mg. (corresponds to a critical yield stress). Above Po block accelerates Occurs at constant rate under constant force.

When load removed, block stays put

Slows down over time. (a) + (c)

From Norman E. Dowling; Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Third Edition; (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007) p. 173.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

Models for deformation beyond yielding

Pure plastic

Elastic/plastic

Elastic + linear hardening

From Norman E. Dowling; Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Third Edition; (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007) p. 176.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

Rheological models can be used to represent the stress-strain behavior of a material under load. load

Lets assume that this bar deforms elastically up to the yield point and then deforms plastically with no work hardening. We can model this. this
From Norman E. Dowling; Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Third Edition; (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007) p. 174.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

What will the stress strain curve look like?

Elastic deformation occurs up to the proportional limit. Then the material limit yields at o. This can be modeled as follows.

Material stretches w/ increasing load until yield point (o) is reached. This is reversible. Beyond o, plastic deformation occurs at constant stress. Plastic deformation is irreversible. stress irreversible
Figures from Norman E. Dowling; Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Third Edition; (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007) p. 176.
Prof. M.L. Weaver

Models for creep

Steady-state creep + elastic strain

Transient creep + elastic strain T i l i i

From Norman E. Dowling; Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Third Edition; (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007) p. 178.
Prof. M.L. Weaver