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List of Contraceptive Methods Contraceptives, also known as birth control, are used to stop conception from occurring. The methods involved include conventional and natural approaches. In order for contraceptives to be effective, they need to be used regularly and responsibly. Some forms of contraception can be permanent, and some can help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. The Pill Oral contraceptives are one of the most popular forms of birth control for women. They are prescribed by a doctor and come either in a combination pill with the hormones estrogen and progestin or in the form of progestin only. These pills stop ovulation from taking place, and they also block sperm cells by thickening cervical mucus. These come in 21, 28, and 91 day types. Although this method of contraception is effective at preventing pregnancy, it does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Abstinence According to the American Pregnancy Association, abstinence is the only contraceptive method that is 100% effective in the prevention of both pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. This involves voluntarily abstaining from sex.

Male Condoms

Barrier methods are chemical and physical barriers designed to prevent sperm from reaching the uterus and fertilizing the egg. Male condoms are a type of barrier that are worn on the penis and made out of thin rubber. When sperm is ejaculated, it is caught in the tip of the condom. This type of contraception can also help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Female Condoms Female condoms cover the cervix, the immediate area around the vagina and the vaginal canal itself. They are 7 inches in length and prevent sperm from getting through to the uterus. Diaphragm A diaphragm is a dome-shaped rubber device that is placed over the cervix before intercourse. Spermicide chemicals are placed in it to kill any sperm cells that enter the vagina.

NFP Natural family planning (NFP) is a strategic form of contraception. During the menstrual cycle, there is a time when women are most fertile, usually 7 to 10 days after their cycle starts. Natural family planning is abstaining from sex during this time period to prevent pregnancy. During the

nonfertile times of the month, intercourse is performed without any contraception method. In the natural family planning, the couple must learn when in the woman's cycle she can get pregnant (usually 4 days before and 2 days after ovulation). The couple then use a barrier method of birth control or not have intercourse during those days to prevent pregnancy. However, this requires a lot of planning and commitment.

Sterilization Sterilization is a permanent type of contraception that both men and women can get done. Tubal ligation is a process where women get their fallopian tubes cut and closed to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus.This also prevents sperm form reaching the egg. If you are male, you can get a vasectomy. The vas deferens are tubes that carry sperm to semen. In a vasectomy, a surgeon will make incisions on the sides of your scrotum, and then cut and close off the vas deferens. This will prevent sperm from reaching the semen and you will become sterile.

Hormonal Methods of Birth Control Hormonal birth control methods work by releasing hormones that prevent ovulation. They also thicken the mucus in the cervix making it hard for the sperm to reach the egg. On the other hand the endometrium thins, making it less likely for the fertilized egg to get attached to it. The different types of hormonal birth control methods are implant, injection, vaginal ring and vaginal patch. The implant and injection works by releasing progestin, while the vaginal ring and patch works by releasing both estrogen and progestin. However, hormonal birth control methods do not provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Implants: Birth control implants are small plastic devices that contain etonogestrel, a progestin. It works in the same manner as that of the birth control pills. Injection: The birth control shot is a long-acting form of progesterone. The shot is given as an injection in the upper arm or in the buttocks once every 3 months to prevent pregnancy. The progesterone hormone primarily works by preventing ovulation. Vaginal contraceptive ring: Vaginal contraceptive ring is a thin, transparent, flexible ring that is inserted in the vagina to provide contraception protection. Vaginal contraceptive patch: The vaginal contraceptive patch is a thin, flexible patch that is put on the upper arms, buttocks, stomach or chest. Oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives also known as birth-control pills are used for the prevention of pregnancy. The two female sex hormones are estrogen and progestin. Combinations of these two female hormones help in the prevention of ovulation. Intrauterine device: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped plastic device that is placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

Types of male sterilisation are:

Vasectomy which ensures that no sperm exit from the penis during ejaculation.

Types of female sterilisation are:

Tubal ligation, which closes the Fallopian tubes by using a clip, cutting and tying, or cauterizing (burning) the tubes. The procedure takes anywhere from 10 to 45 minutes. Hysteroscopic sterilization, which is a nonsurgical form of permanent birth control. In this case the physician inserts a 4-centimeter (1.6 inch) long metal coil into each one of a woman's two Fallopian tubes via a scope passed through the cervix into the uterus (hysteroscope), and from there into the openings of the Fallopian tubes. Tissue grows over the coil over the next few months to form a plug that prevents fertilized eggs from travelling from the ovaries to the uterus. Hysterectomy, which is the surgical removal of a woman's uterus