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  • Opamps PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Vikas Nagare
    35 tayangan67 halaman
    Ideal Op Amp 1) the open-loop gain, av, is very large, approaching infinity. 2) the current into the inputs are zero. Ideal Op Amp with Negative Feedback Golden Rules of Op Amps: 1. The output attempts to do whatever is necessary to make the voltage difference between the inputs zero. 2. The inputs draw no current.

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    Ideal Op Amp 1) the open-loop gain, av, is very large, approaching infinity. 2) the current into the inputs are zero. Ideal Op Amp with Negative Feedback Golden Rules of Op Amps: 1. The output attempts to do whatever is necessary to make the voltage difference between the inputs zero. 2. The inputs draw no current.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    35 tayangan67 halaman

    Opamps PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Vikas Nagare
    Ideal Op Amp 1) the open-loop gain, av, is very large, approaching infinity. 2) the current into the inputs are zero. Ideal Op Amp with Negative Feedback Golden Rules of Op Amps: 1. The output attempts to do whatever is necessary to make the voltage difference between the inputs zero. 2. The inputs draw no current.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 67

    Operational Ampliers

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Ideal Op Amp

    1) The open-loop gain, Av, is very large, approaching innity. 2) The current into the inputs are zero.

    Ideal Op Amp with Negative Feedback

    Golden Rules of Op Amps: 1. The output attempts to do whatever is necessary to make the voltage difference between the inputs zero.
    2.

    The inputs draw no current.

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplifier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Non-inverting Amplier

    Non-inverting Amplier
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Non-inverting Amplier
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Non-inverting Amplier
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Unity-Gain Buffer

    Unity-Gain Buffer
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Unity-Gain Buffer
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Unity-Gain Buffer
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Unity-Gain Buffer
    Closed-loop voltage gain

    Used as a "line driver" that transforms a high input impedance (resistance) to a low output impedance. Can provide substantial current gain.

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplifier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Inverting Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Inverting Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Inverting Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Inverting Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Inverting Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplifier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier
    Current into op amp is zero

    Differential Amplier

    Differential Amplier

    Differential Amplier

    Differential Amplier

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Current-to-Voltage Converter

    Photodiode Circuit

    Photodiode Circuit

    Photodiode Circuit
    At 50 mW

    Photodiode Circuit
    At 50 mW

    Photodiode Circuit
    At 50 mW

    Operational Ampliers (Op Amps)


    Ideal Op Amp Non-inverting Amplier Unity-Gain Buffer Inverting Amplier Differential Amplier Current-to-Voltage Converter Non-ideal Op Amp

    Non-ideal Op Amp

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s)

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105)

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite)

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite) Finite output resistance (not zero)

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite) Finite output resistance (not zero) Finite slew rate

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite) Finite output resistance (not zero) Finite slew rate Input bias currents

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite) Finite output resistance (not zero) Finite slew rate Input bias currents Input bias current offset

    Non-ideal Op Amp
    Output voltage is limited by supply voltage(s) Finite gain (~105) Limited frequency response Finite input resistance (not innite) Finite output resistance (not zero) Finite slew rate Input bias currents Input bias current offset Input offset voltage

    Electret microphones & amps & tones...

    Electret microphone
    Usually a piezo microphone with integral FET amplier which requires biasing/power.

    Practical circuit

    single supply bias decoupling power line lter cap AC

    Filter

    Aliasing

    So, anti-aliasing lter required 16KHz ?

    What are we really measuring here?



    Have ample time. Rectication possible Then smooth it

    Rectier/Demodulation

    Half-wave rectier RC chosen carefully Could do better...

    Active rectier

    precision rectier no offsets still needs RC lter

    Tone generation

    PWM Counter Output Compare (Square Wave) Digital Analog Convertor DAC probably more...

    PWM

    Duty cycle proportional to signal amplitude Numerous generation techniques Sigma, SigmaDelta, time proportioning

    Filtered Square wave



    Square wave at fundamental Filter harmonics How much ltering?

    DAC

    Need digital template or LUT Just repeat a single sine wave A bit rough?

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