BANAAG, CASSANDRA LEIGH D.

AAPD2H ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

PHC LEC

It is the method employed to help prevent contamination of wounds and other susceptible sites by organisms that could cause infection, by ensuring that only uncontaminated equipment and fluids come into contact with sterile/susceptible body sites during certain clinical procedures. It should be used during any procedure that bypasses the bodys natural defenses. Organisms can be transferred from one person to another if techniques to prevent such spread are not adopted. To prevent the introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms into susceptible sites such as wounds or the bladder. To prevent the transfer of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms from one patient to another. To prevent staff from acquiring an infection from the patient.

STERILIZATION is a process that kills or eliminates transmissible agents like fungi, bacteria, virus, etc. There are different types of sterilization- steam sterilization, dry heat sterilization, heated chemical vapor sterilization, and gas sterilization. Surgical sterilization include: vasectomy, tubal ligation, selective tubal occlusion procedure, and hysterectomy. TYPES OF STERILIZATION

STERILIZATION TYPES Dry heat sterilization

STERILIZING AGENT Hot air free form water vapour.

MECHANISM OF STERILIZATION Process is accomplished by conduction. Heat is absorbed by exterior surface of the item and passes inward creating a uniform temperature and a sterile condition. Coagulation of proteins causes the death of microbes. Water vapour generated by boiling water has high penetrating power.this destroys the microbes by causing coagulation of proteins and also causes oxidative free radical damage. Ethylene penetrates through paper, cloth, plastic and can kill all known viruses, bacteria, fungi and even spores. Ozone has the ability of oxidizing most organic matter.

ARTICLES STERILIZED Powders, heat stable items, steel, glass wares etc.

PICTURE

DRY HEAT STERILIZER Microbial cultures, liquids, glass wares

Moist heat sterilization

Hot air heavily loaded with water vapour which plays an important role in sterilization.

MOIST HEATAUTOCLAVE Biological materials, fibre optics, electronics, and many plastics.

Chemical sterilization

Ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, chlorine dioxide, ozone.

CHEMICAL-CHEMCLAV Radiations such as electron beams, x-rays, gamma rays or subatomic particles. They have very high penetrating power and are very effective in killing microbes. Syringes, needles, cannulas, air, plastics, heat labile materials. UV-MERCURY VAPOUR TUBE Filter made of different materials such as nitrocellulose or polyethersulfone. Bacteria are removed effectively removed through a pore size of 0.2m and for viruses a pore size of around 20nm is required. Sensitive pharmaceuticals and protein solutions

Radiation sterilization

Filtration

SINGLE DISC FILTER

Ways by which a health worker can protect himself :

They must follow the standard or universal precautions.

They should wear personal protective equipment based on the blood or body fluids they could be exposed to. Personal protective equipment includes gloves, gowns, masks and goggles, and should be used appropriately as the situation demands. These items should be disposed of or laundered properly after each use and should not be used for more than one patient. Once the personal protective equipment is removed, hands should be thoroughly washed and dried. Hands should be kept as free from cracks and open wounds as possible. Sharps should also be disposed of in the proper receptacles.