* O C E / 2 6 2 9 0 *

Data, Formulae and Relationships Booklet

(Revised Version 2.1)

GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary

Physics A
Physics units G481, G482, G484, G485

Instructions to Exams Officer/Invigilator Do not send this Data Sheet for marking; it should be retained in the centre or destroyed.

These data, formulae and relationships are for the use of candidates following the Physics A specification. Clean copies of this booklet must be available in the examination room, and must be given up to the invigilator at the end of the examination. Copies of this booklet may be used for teaching.

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

DC (SLM) 26290/8 CST255

Data
Values are given to three significant figures, except where more are useful. speed of light in a vacuum permittivity of free space elementary charge Planck constant gravitational constant Avogadro constant molar gas constant Boltzmann constant electron rest mass proton rest mass neutron rest mass alpha particle rest mass acceleration of free fall c 0 e h G NA R k me mp mn m g 3.00 108 m s1 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2 (F m1) 1.60 1019 C 6.63 1034 J s 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2 6.02 1023 mol1 8.31 J mol1 K1 1.38 1023 J K1 9.11 1031 kg 1.673 1027 kg 1.675 1027 kg 6.646 1027 kg 9.81 m s2

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

Conversion factors
unified atomic mass unit electron-volt 1 u = 1.661 1027 kg 1 eV = 1.60 1019 J 1 day = 8.64 104 s 1 year 3.16 107 s 1 light year 9.5 1015 m

Mathematical equations
arc length = r circumference of circle = 2pr area of circle = pr 2 curved surface area of cylinder = 2prh volume of cylinder = pr 2h surface area of sphere = 4pr2 4 volume of sphere = pr 3 3 Pythagoras theorem: a2 = b2 + c2 For small angle sin tan and cos 1 lg(AB) = lg(A) + lg(B) A lg( ) = lg(A) lg(B) B ln(xn) = n ln(x) ln(ekx) = kx

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

Formulae and relationships

Unit 1 Mechanics Fx = F cos Fy = F sin a=
v t

Unit 2 Electrons, Waves and Photons

Q = It

I = Anev W = VQ V = IR R=
L A

v = u + at s= 1 (u + v)t 2 1 2 at 2

s = ut +

P = VI W = VIt

P = I 2R

P=

V2 R

v2 = u2 + 2as F = ma W = mg
moment = Fx torque = Fd

e.m.f. = V + Ir

R Vout = R +2 R Vin 1 2 v = f

m V F A

ax D

p=

d sin = n E = hf E= hc

W = Fx cos Ek = 1 mv2 2

hf = + KEmax
=

Ep = mgh
efficiency = useful energy output 100% total energy input

h mv

R = R1 + R2 + 1 1 1 = + + R R1 R2

F = kx E= 1 Fx 2 F A x L E= 1 2 kx 2

stress = strain =

Young modulus = stress strain

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

Unit 4 Newtonian World

p t

Unit 5 Fields, Particles and Frontiers of Physics E= F= E= E= F Q Qq 4p0r 2 Q 4p0r 2 V d

F=

v = 2pr T a= F= F= g= g= v2 r mv2 r

G Mm r2
F m

F = BIL sin F = BQv

= BA cos
induced e.m.f. = rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

GM r2

2 T 2 = 4p r 3 GM

( )

f=

1 T 2p = 2pf T

Vs ns Vp = np Q = VC W= 1 QV 2 W= 1 CV 2 2

a = (2pf)2 x x = A cos(2pft) vmax = (2pf) A E = mc pV = NkT pV = nRT E= 3 kT 2

time constant = CR

x = x0e

t CR

C = C1 + C2 + 1 1 1 = + + C C1 C2 A = N A = A0 et N = N0 et
t = 0.693
E = mc2

I = I0 ex

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

Z = c Ir (Z2 Z1)2 = I0 (Z2 + Z1)2

v =c

age of Universe =
0 =

3H02 8p G

1 H0

OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

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OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255

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OCR 2010 GCE Physics A

CST255