Problem [4]: Mr.

Spooner, having received complaints about the durability of their aluminium racquets, are concerned that one of their aluminium suppliers (Darwood Discount Metals, Inc.) may be providing substandard metal that is contributing to the failures. Of the 1200 racquets that have been made from Darwood aluminium, 20 are in the "defectives" bin in the basement. Ted finds that the percentage of defective aluminum racquets in the industry as a whole is 0.8%, then uses a computer to generate the binomial distribution for n = 1200 (the number of racquets made from Darwood aluminum) and = 0.008 (the proportion of defective aluminum racquets in the industry). If Darwood aluminum really is of equal quality versus the industry, there would be only a (1 - 0.9979) = 0.0021 probability that 20 or more of the 1200 racquets would be defective. Mr. Darwood has assured Luke Spooner that Darwood aluminium is just as good as any in the industry. However, an interpretation of the data suggests that Spooner might be wise to sever their relationship with this supplier. If Mr. Darwood's contention were true, it would be extremely unlikely (probability = 0.0021) that 20 or more defective racquets would be found among the 1200 made from aluminium supplied by his company.

SPOONER CASE

[1]
Frequency Table of Conventional Ball and New Ball:
Interval 200-210 210-220 220-230 230-240 240-250 250-260 260-270 270-280 280-290 290-300 NewBall 0 0 3 5 4 5 5 2 0 1 ConBall 2 4 2 4 5 5 3 0 0 0

Histogram: Conventional Ball:

ConBall
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ConBall

New Ball:

NewBall
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NewBall

Comparison:

Comparison
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NewBall ConBall

The new ball is lively than the conventional ball. From the histogram, we can see that the new ball travels more distance than the conventional ball. All the frequencies of the conventional ball lie below 270 meters, but in case of new ball there are frequencies in range 270-300 also and there are no frequencies in the range of 200-220.

Conventional Ball- Central tendency and Dispersion: Basic Statistics from Raw Data
Measures of Central tendency Mean 238.036 Median 240.3 Mode #N/A Sales Data

Measures of Dispersion If the data is of a Sample Population 372.179067 357.291904 19.2919431 18.9021666

Variance St. Dev. Higher Moments

Range IQR

66.9 26.8

Skewness (Relative) Kurtosis

If the data is of a Sample Population -0.3250035 -0.3051689 -0.6901432 -0.7904046

Percentile and Percentile Rank Calculations x x-th Percentile y Percentile rank of y

50 80 90 Quartiles 1st Quartile Median 3rd Quartile Other Statistics Sum Size Maximum Minimum

240.3 255.34 261.56

240.3 255.34 261.56

50 80 90

226.4 240.3 253.2

IQR

26.8

5950.9 25 267.9 201

New Ball- Central Tendency and Dispersion: Basic Statistics from Raw Data
Measures of Central tendency Mean 251.528 Median 252.8 Mode #N/A Sales Data

Measures of Dispersion If the data is of a Sample Population 319.080433 306.317216 17.8628227 17.5019204

Variance St. Dev. Higher Moments

Range IQR

70.4 26.9

Skewness (Relative) Kurtosis

If the data is of a Sample Population 0.31655893 0.29723968 -0.1724533 -0.3706111

Percentile and Percentile Rank Calculations x 50 80 90 x-th Percentile 252.8 265.58 270.68 y 252.8 265.58 270.68 Percentile rank of y 50 80 90

Quartiles 1st Quartile Median 3rd Quartile 237.4 252.8 264.3 IQR 26.9

Both mean and median of New ball are greater than that of Conventional ball which indicates on an average the distance travelled by new ball is more than conventional ball. Comparing the standard deviation of both the balls we can see that, the ranges of new ball is less scattered than conventional ball indicating that the values are closer to the mean. The skewness value indicates that conventional ball is negatively skewed and the new ball is positively skewed. It indicates that the curve for conventional ball is tailed towards lower end and the curve for new ball is tailed towards upper end. It says that there are only few frequencies which fall in the lower scale for conventional ball and few frequencies which fall in upper scale for new ball.