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Motivations for Travel

History
Casson (1974) and Wolfe (1967): Athenian and Roman society owned summer resorts and used to holiday there to avoid the heat of the city Anthony (1937): visiting the Egyptian monuments and collecting souvenirs from these sites are socially-prestigious practices Pilgrimages were done because travellers sought the assistance or bounty of their gods.

History and Literature

Hibbert (1969): Grand Tour ideal for finishing school for the youth Pimlott (1947): For many they are the principal objects for life saved and planned for during the rest of the year and enjoyed in retrospect when they are over

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Travel Motivation
Murray (1964) defined motive as:
an internal factor that arouses, directs, and integrates a persons behavior

Intrinsic Motivation something you do for the fun/love of it Extrinsic Motivation refers to external rewards / factors Unconscious motives

Seeking-Escaping Travel Motivation Theory

Iso-Ahola (1984) Two forces simultaneously influence an individuals behavior: Seeking and Escaping Seeking Component: involves the motivational forces psychological (intrinsic) rewards thru travel in a contrasting environment Escaping Component: leaving the everyday environment behind introduce change

Push-Pull Theory
Dann (1977,1981) and Crompton (1979) Push-Pull Factors Push: Socio-psychological motives (anomie and ego-enhancement) Pull: aroused by the destination

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Wanderlust-Sunlust Theory
Gray (1970) Wanderlust: causes individuals to want to experience different existing cultures and places Sunlust: the desire to experience different or better facilities outside ones place of residence

Travel Career Ladder Theory

Pearce (2005) The kind of motivation travel experience Experienced Traveler: host-site involvement Less-Experienced Traveler: place higher value on stimulation, personal development, etc

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Abraham Maslow (1943) Men has several needs, which are arranged in importance; from the most basic (physiological/biological) to the most complex (self-actualization).

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Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Needs Satisfaction
All purchases are made to satisfy some need of the consumer Desire Need Satisfied by the actual purchase Travel fills some need in each consumer

Purpose of Visit
Leisure, recreation, holiday Visiting friends and relatives Business and professional Health treatment Religion and pilgrimages Others

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Needs Satisfaction Theory

Three major categories of travel activities
Business travel Rest and relaxation travel Cultural travel

It is important that travel professionals look at tourism geography as more than just names, places and activities segmented by political and physical borders.

Psychology and Geography of Business Travel

Nondiscretionary in nature. Fastest flights with the fewest stops Seek frequency and convenience more than price Worlds business centers: excellent transportation and accommodation facilities Travel professionals: should learn specific business geography of corporate accounts

Psychology and Geography of Rest and Relaxation

Psycho-Centric
generally conservative, inhibited and unadventurous. traditional and have little curiosity to visit strange places. keep returning to familiar destinations to avoid troubles. expect the same food and activities. Ultimate factor is that they are too much worried about touring safety and security.

Mid- Centric Type

do not oppose to experiments regarding touring in terms of activities or strange places. they are very receptive to new experiences

Allocentric Type
often adventure seekers and go for new experiences. self-confident and are not only comfortable meeting strangers or new people but also it fascinates them, for they explore into their cultures specify the area and make their own travel arrangements attractions and activities to be participated will have to be solely decided by them

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Psychology and Geography of Rest and Relaxation

Psychology and Geography of Rest and Relaxation

Similar activities that meet travellers needs can usually be found in a number of different places Concentrate on specific activities and the geographic requirements for such activities With an understanding of geographic requirements of an activity, it should be possible to identify similar locations where the activity can be supported

Psychology and Geography of Cultural Travel

To return to their roots, difference in heritage Typical travellers begin their culturally oriented touring by visiting the country of their origin or that of the closest Museums, birth of the renaissance period focus on art, literature, etc Broaden knowledge most different culture An in-depth view of the cultural aspects of each region helps professional become effective in guiding clients