Contents

(Term II)
Preface .......................................................................................................................................... (v)
Latest Syllabus ........................................................................................................................ (vii)

UNIT 1: INDIA AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD II

(History)
1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe ............................................................................................................ 2
2. The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China ............................................................................................... 22
3. Nationalism in India .................................................................................................................................. 41

UNIT 2: INDIALAND AND PEOPLE

(Geography)
5. Minerals and Energy Resources ............................................................................................................... 62
6. Manufacturing Industries ........................................................................................................................... 79
7. Lifelines of National Economy .................................................................................................................. 98

UNIT 3: DEMOCRATIC POLITICS II

(Civics)
5.
6.
7.
8.

Popular Struggles and Movements ......................................................................................................... 115

Political Parties ........................................................................................................................................ 128
Outcomes of Democracy .......................................................................................................................... 141
Challenges to Democracy ........................................................................................................................ 152

UNIT 4: UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT II

(Economics)
3. Money and Credit ..................................................................................................................................... 166
4. Globalisation and the Indian Economy ................................................................................................... 184
5. Consumer Rights ...................................................................................................................................... 201
Value Based Questions ....................................................................................................................... 219
Practice Papers (I-III) ................................................................................................................. 222-230

xix

UNIT 1: India and the Contemporary WorldII (History)

UNIT 2: IndiaLand and People (Geography)
UNIT 3: Democratic PoliticsII (Civics)
UNIT 4: Understanding Economic DevelopmentII (Economics)

Each chapter contains:

TIPS AND TRICKS
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

CBSE and Other Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

NCERT Textbook Questions

HISTORY

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

1
CHAPTER

Tips and Tricks

Introduction: During the nineteenth century
nationalism emerged as a force. It brought about
sweeping changes in the political and mental world
of Europe. The end result of these changes was
the emergence of nation states in place of
multinational dynastic empires of Europe.
The French Revolution and the idea of the
Nation: The first clear expression of nationalism
came with the French Revolution of 1789.
The political and constitutional changes led to (i)
Transfer of sovereignty from monarchy to the
citizens. (ii) Measures and practices that created
a sense of common identity amongst the French
people. (iii) Revolutionary wars and Napoleanic
reforms.
The Making of Nationalism in Europe: The
dominating features of mid eighteenth century, in
Europe were
(i) Autocratic rules.
(ii) Political and social dominance of the landed
aristocracy.
(iii) Majority of the population was made up of
the poor peasantry.
(iv) Growth of new social groupsthe middle
classes made up of industrialists
businessman and professionals and a
working class population.
(v) Popularity of the ideology of liberalism
especially among the educated liberal minded
middle class.
Liberalism: Stood for freedom for the
individual and equality of all before law;
concept of government by consent, end of
autocracy, a constitution and representative
government, and freedom of markets.
(vi) Defeat of Napoleon in 1815.

(vii) The Congress of Vienna (1815) established a

new conservative order in Europe
monarchies that were autocratic intolerant
of criticism and dissent.
(viii) Following 1815, fear of repression drove many
liberal
nationalists
underground.
Revolutionaries set up secret societies.
Example: Carbonari, Giuseppe. Mazzinis
Young Italy and Young Europe.
The Age of Revolutions: 18301848: As
conservative regimes tried to consolidate
nationalism came to be increasingly associated
with revolution in many regions of Europe.
(i) Revolution: July Revolution in France 1830,
Greek War of Independence.
(ii) Romanticism a cultural movement.
Romantic artists: Johonn Gottfried, Grimm
brothers and Karol Kurpinski.
(iii) Hunger hardships, increase in population,
migrations in Europe.
(iv) France1848 food shortages, widespread
unemployment revolts of the poor.
(v) Parallel to the revolts of the poor there was
a Revolution of liberals, the educated middle
class.
France, February Revolution (1848) abdication
of monarchy, and establishment of a republic
based on universal suffrage.
In other parts of Europe e.g., Germany, Italy,
liberal middle class combined demands for
constitutionalism with national unification.
Example: Frankfurt Parliament (18 May
1848)
2

THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

The Making of Germany and Italy:

(i) (a) German unification under the leadership
of Prussia. Otto von Bismarck, the chief
architect of the process carried it out with
the help of the Prussian army,
bureaucracy, and three wars waged over
seven years.
(b) German Empire headed by Kaiser
William I of Prussia proclaimed in the
Hall of Mirrors Versailles on 18th January
1871.
(ii) Italian unification was the result of works of
Cavour, Mazzini, Garibaldi and Victor
Emmanuel II.
(iii) The formation of the nation state of Britain

was a long drawn process with the Parliament

as the chief instrument Glorious Revolution
of 1688; Act of Union 1707.
Visualising the Nation: Artists in the 18th and
19th centuries represented a nation as female
figures: France: Marianne, Germany: Germania
(India: Bharat Mata).
Nationalism and Imperialism: By the last
quarter of the 19th century nationalism became a
narrow creed with imperialist aims and limited
ends.
(i) Balkans emerged as an area of intense conflict
and greed among European powers.
(ii) Nationalism aligned with imperalism led
Europe to disaster and World War I.

Formative Assessment
ORAL QUESTIONS (Conversation Type)
1.

(i) 19th century Europe was marked by which

significant development.
(ii) What was the end result of nationalism?
(iii) What were nation states?
2. (i) Ideas of nationalism were allied to which
ideology.
(ii) The word liberalism is derived from which
term.
(iii) Which class subscribed to this ideology?
3. (i) What does universal suffrage mean?
(ii) Did revolutionary France giant universal
suffrage?
(iii) Who was given the right to vote?

ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Name three countries from Europe.
2. Which of these were not nation states till the
2nd half of the 19th century?
3. Which countries did (a) Napoleon Bonaparte,
(b) Bismarck belong to?
4. What was the important fall out of nationalism?
5. Name any two countries which became colonies
of European nations.

TRUE OR FALSE
1. The French armies carried the idea of
nationalism abroad.
2. Napoleon helped to restore democracy in France.

3. Napoleons administrative reforms were rational

and made the system efficient.
4. In French conquered areas the new
administrative system went hand in hand with
political democracy.
5. The landed aristocracy were connected with ties
of marriage.
6. Minority of the population was made up of
peasants.
7. In Eastern Europe bulk of the land was farmed
by tenants and small owners.
8. Medieval Empires were a patchwork of different
regions and peoples.
9. Industralisation began in France and parts of
Germany as early as the 18th century.
10. Equality before law entailed universal suffrage.
11. During the brief rule of the Jacobins all adult
males enjoyed suffrage.
12. The customs union helped bound Germans
economically into a nation.
13. Elle was the measure of cloth.
14. Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria collectively
defeated Napoleon.
15. The Treaty of Vienna (1815) sought to create a
new modern order in Europe.
16. 1830s were years of great economic prosperity
in Europe.
17. Giuseppe Mazzini founded the secret societies
of Carbonari and Young Europe.
18. Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian
revolutionary.
19. The Balkan inhabitants were broadly known as
Slavs.

20. The First World War slowed down the nationalist

struggles.
21. The 1830s were years of enormous increase in
population all over Europe.
22. Year 1848 was marked by increased food
shortages and unemployment in France.
23. Role of language was secondary in developing
nationalist sentiments.
24. Giusppe Mazzini was a French revolutionary.
25. Instead of reason and science Romantics
focussed on emotions and intuition.
26. Poland was partitioned by France, Russia,
Prussia and Austria.
27. The Frankfurt Parliament had 831 elected
representatives.
28. Friedrich Wilhelm IV accepted the offer of the
Frankfurt Parliament.
29. Women were active participants in various
political activities in Europe.
30. Carl Welcker believed in equality of sexes.
31. Conservative forces were able to suppress and
restore old order in 1848.
32. Italy prior to its unification was divided into 9
states.
33. Southern states of Italy were united before the
northern states.
34. Italy was unified by tactful diplomacy and wars.
35. The primary identities of the people of British
Isles were ethnic.
36. The British nation was forged by the dominant
English culture.
37. Struggle for independence in Greece began in
1821.
38. The Frankfurt Parliament was sensitive to
demands of artisans and workers.
39. Scotland and Ireland were equal partners in
the British Union.
40. The Romantics popularised the German culture
through folk songs, poetry and dances.
41. The national anthem of Britain is God Save
Our Noble king.
42. Otto von Bismarck was the Chief Minister of
Prussia and the architect of German unification.
43. The French artists sought to portray the
attributes of liberty by a red cap, or broken
chain.
44. The female allegory of the German nation was
Christened Marianne.
45. The Balkans were a scene of intense rivalry
between Russia, Germany, England and
Austria-Hungary.

CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

QUIZ
1. Identify the persons/paintings depicted in
the following pictures. Which modern
nations are they related to.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

2.

(a) Date the caricature.

(b) Who is represented?
(c) What do muzzles on the mouth and
hand raised signify?

(i)

(iv)

(a) Identify the 2 figures represented.

(b) What is symbolised?

(a) Identify the represented figure.

(b) What is it trying to convey?

(ii)

PUZZLES

(a) Identify the figure on the postage stamp.

(b) What purpose was served by such
representation?
(iii)

1. In the puzzles below find the words which

relate to the following:
Hints:
Horizontally
1. System of government that has no
restraints on the power exercised (10)
2. Principle of French revolutionaries (7)
3. Symbol of independent nation (4)
4. Those who believed basis of nation lay in a
sense of a shared collective heritage and a
common cultural past (9)
Vertically
5. Awareness of womens rights and interests
based on equality of genders (8)
6. Vision of society so ideal that it is unlikely
to exist (7)
7. Symbol of French revolutionaries (7)

Across
8. Abstract idea expressed through a person
or thing (8)
9. Secret society in Italy (9)
10. Place where European powers met after
the defeat of Napoleon (6)

CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

10

2. Solve the following Puzzle-based on

significance of Symbols.

7
C

Hints:

O
N

Vertical

1. Willingness to make peace (5, 6)

I
3 5

3. French collective identity (3, 6, 4).

7. Beginning of a new era (6, 3)

9. Allegory for India (6, 4)

E
1 8
A

10. Dominant English Culture (7)

Horizontal

2. Crown of oak leaves (7)

4

4. Allegory of German nation (8)

5. Brest plate with eagle (8)

6. Being freed (6, 5)

8. Readiness to fight (5)

1

10
7

I
5

I
H

M
F

NOTES

THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

Assignments
Name: ........................ Class: ...... Section: ...... Roll No.: ...... Grade: ...... Teachers sign.: ..............

CLASS ASSIGNMENT 1
1. The first clear expression of nationalism came
in 1789 with
(a) Vienna Peace settlement
(b) French Revolution
(c) Greek war of Independence
(d) Russian Revolution.

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(CBSE Exam. 2011)

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2. Why was the Treaty of Vienna (1815) drawn up?

(a) To establish tariff barriers
(b) To restore the monarchies
(c) To divide the German confederation of 39
states
(d) To establish democracies.
(CBSE Exam. 2011)
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3. Mention any four features of 18th century
Europe.
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5. By the 1790s the French armies marched into
which countries?
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6. Mention any three ways in which Europe was

benefited from French rule.

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4. What factors gave rise to the spirit of

nationalism?

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CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

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7. Name the architects of the Italian nation.

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8. Explain, liberalism in the economic field. Support

by giving example.

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9. Who was Marianne? How was she portrayed
and to what effect?

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10. What steps did the French revolutionaries take
to create a sense of collective identity among
the French people?
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NOTES

THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

Name: ........................ Class: ...... Section: ...... Roll No.: ...... Grade: ...... Teachers sign.: ..............

CLASS ASSIGNMENT 2
1. Which one of the following is not true regarding
Balkan Project
(a) The Balkan states were jealous of each other.
(b) Each state wanted to gain territory at the
expense of others.
(c) The Balkans were also the scene of big
power rivalry.
(d) The Balkans were under the control of
Ottomon Empire.
(CBSE Exam. 2011)
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2. Three main functions of the Prussian zolleverin
was to
(a) impose custom duties on imported goods
(b) abolish tariff barriers
(c) reduce custom duties
(d) introduce new rules for trade.

5. Which three principles of eighteenth century

Europe (France) influenced the whole world?
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6. When and by whom and why was the Congress
of Vienna held? Name the great powers
represented at the Congress.
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(CBSE Exam. 2011)

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3. Which new social groups came into being in

nineteenth century in Europe?

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7. What is meant by the Ottoman Empire?

4. Who were the main architects of the Unification

of Germany?

List names of any three Balkan states which

earlier constituted a part of the Ottoman Empire.

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10

CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

8. How did Britain seek to forge a British nation?

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9. Discuss liberalism in the political field in 19th
century Europe.
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10. Give any four provisions of Napoleonic Civil Code
1804.
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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

11

Name: ........................ Class: ...... Section: ...... Roll No.: ...... Grade: ...... Teachers sign.: ..............

HOME ASSIGNMENT 1
1. In 18th century Europe which class formed the
(i) most dominant class, (ii)

majority class

5. Give three reasons why ideology of liberalism

and nationalism developed late in central and
Eastern Europe.
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2. Who was the main architect of the establishment

of the nation state in England?

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3. State any two important political and
constitutional changes which came in the wake
of the French Revolution of 1789.
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6. What was the Zollverin? What were its wider

implications?

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4. Describe any four features of the landed
aristocracy of European Continent.

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12

CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

7. What were the political, social and economic

consequences of the Revolution of 1848?
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8. What according to Renan were the attributes of
a nation? Why in the view are nations
important?
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10. Briefly trace the process of Italian unification.
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9. Briefly discuss four important factors which led

to the growth of nationalism in 19th century
Europe.

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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

13

Name: ........................ Class: ...... Section: ...... Roll No.: ...... Grade: ...... Teachers sign.: ..............

HOME ASSIGNMENT 2
1. Define the term feminist.(CBSE Exam. 2011)
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2. What is a nation state?
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3. How did the Grimm Brothers contribute to the
process of nation building?

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6. Mention any three territorial changes that
occurred due to the Congress of Vienna and the
aim behind these changes.
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4. Who was Germania? What was the importance

of the way in which Germania was portrayed?

7. How did language and folklore help in developing

nationalist sentiments? Support with examples.

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5. Why did secret societies spring up during the

years following 1815? Give reasons.

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14

CCE SOCIAL SCIENCEX

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8. Describe the four stages of the unification of

Germany.
(CBSE Exam. 2011)

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9. Give any four reasons why Balkans after 1871
were a source of tension in Europe.

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10. Compare any three positions voiced by writers
on the question of womens rights. What do
they reveal about liberal ideology?
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