2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (lCEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Teaching Power System Analysis Courses using MATPOWER

Mudathir F. Akorede Hashim Hizam

Electrical Engineering Dept., University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. makorede@ieee.org

Abstract-

Electrical & Electronic Engineering Dept., Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. hashim@eng.upm.edu.my By and large, a number of commercial software packages have been developed for solving power system analysis problems. For example, P S SIE, ETAP, PowerWorld, ERAC S, MA TLAB/Simulink, P SCAD, etc, are all graphical user interface enabled and user-friendly software for carrying out time-domain computer simulations of power systems. However, these packages require good modelling and simulation knowledge, and may also be difficult to use for complex and large power systems. In addition, none of these packages allows the user to add new algorithms to it or even change the source code [2]. Other simulation tools that are used for power system analysis include UWPFLOW [3], Power System Toolbox (P S T) [4], Power System Analysis Toolbox (P SAT) [5], MATPOWER [6], Voltage Stability Toolbox (V ST) [7], to mention but a few. Even though these software use MA TLAB as the platform on which they run, one good thing about them is that they are all free open source packages and their codes could be modified [2]. This is particularly important for researchers and students who are interested in developing and testing new, unconventional algorithms [8]. For a list of these packages and applications of each, interested reader could consult [5, 9]. Apart from these, Saadat [1] has done a marvellous job in facilitating the understanding of power system analysis course to the students. He developed a number of M- files functions that could be run in MA TLAB environment to ease the task of computer simulations for the students without having to do detailed progr amming. In the book, several examples are illustrated for a better understanding. However, MA TPOWER is more flexible and capable of computing and displaying more detailed results, especially for contingency studies. Other advantages of MA TPOWER include simplicity and robustness. It can also be used to verify analytical methods developed by students to validate their mathematical models quickly. Since power flow analysis is a basic tool of many power system courses [10], the example examined in the literature is limited to power flow studies. This paper assumes that the targeted audience is already accustomed to MA TLAB; else a very good introduction to MA TLAB from electrical engineering point of view is available in [11]. The rest part of this literature is structured as follows: Section II is dedicated to the de finition as well as the features of MATPOWER

One of the major constraints faced in the teaching of power system analysis courses has been non-availability of practical power system for demonstration. This paper focuses
analysis courses to the intent upper-division is to present

on a new and efficient method to the teaching of power system undergraduate students. The

MATPOWER to students as a good instructional tool to complement the teaching of power system analysis courses in the class. This would certainly facilitate the teaching and understanding of the subj ect matter better. The features and the relative merits which make the package preferred to some of the commercially available software packages, in certain applications, are highlighted in the paper. With self study in mind, the paper is written to simplify the daunting task of carrying out power flow analyses flow especially by on the large power networks. One is illustrative example is examined in the paper. The power solution Newton-Raphson method demonstrated using the conventional approach prior to solving it using the MATPOWER package. The result obtained using the package is guaranteed to be accurate and reasonably fast.

Keywords- MATLAB, MATPOWER, Jacobian matrix, power flow, power system analysis course, teaching

I.

INTRODUCTION

One of the major constraints faced in the teaching of power system analysis courses especially at undergraduate level is the non-availability of real-life power system for demonstration in the laboratory. This makes certain aspects of the course uninteresting to the students since it is full of complex mathematics that may be extremely laborious, error prone, and time-consuming to solve manually. However, with the advent of personal computers, the story is different today. These computers have become so power ful and advanced that they can easily be employed to carry out some simulations in the analysis of large interconnected power networks. The ability of these modem computers to provide use ful information and react to responses has been responsible for its integration into power engineering curriculum [1].

978-1-4244-4844-9/09/$25.00 2009 IEEE

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia package. An illustrative example of a 5-bus power system is treated using both the conventional approach adopting Newton-Raphson method and the MATPOWER package in Section III. The power flow results are presented and discussed in Section IV, while Section V concludes the paper. II. RUNNIN G MATPOWER
N o o

VI

1.06LO

MA TPOWER is an open source simulation tool for solving power flow and optimal power flow problems in power system analysis. The package, whose code is written in MA TLAB M- files, is specifically targeted at researchers and educators in the field of power engineering [12]. MA TPOWER is designed to give the best performance while keeping the code simple and easy to modify by the user. It could be downloaded free of charge from [13]. To install MATPOWER on a personal computer, MA TLAB version 6 or a later version with Optimisation Toolbox is needed [12]. The downloaded file requires to be unzipped and placed in a location on MATLAB path. For example, an installation of 3.2 version of MATPOWER is demonstrated as follows: C:\ProgramFiles\MATLAB\R2006a\matpower3.2. To run a programme in MATPOWER, start up MATLAB and type the desired M-file name at the command window prompt, then press the enter key. For example, typing:

ci 0.04 +jO.12 2 5

00 o

40 MVar

60MW

Fig. lOne-line Diagram of a 5-bus System TABLE 1 CAPACITIVE SUSCEPTANCE OF THE SYSTEM
Line Y.B 0.030 0.025 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.025

runpf ('case9')
B.

1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 2-5 3-4 4-5

and thereafter press the enter key at the command window prompt of MA TLAB would run a power flow of 9-bus power system already pre-stored in MA TPOWER. This file could then be saved in another name and modified to the taste of the user as appropriate. To carry out a load flow analysis, MA TPOWER has five solvers to do this. These solvers are Newton, XB fast decoupled, BX fast-decoupled, Gauss- Seidel, and DC power flow; which can be accessed via the runpf function. The power flow default solver uses the Newton's method. To use any of the rest solvers, it is necessary that the PF ALG option must be set explicitly. Interested reader could consult [12] for detail explanation of each of these solvers and their settings.
_

Solving the problem manually from the first principles is necessary to enable the students grasp the fundamental concept of power flow studies. The steps involved are as follow. The line impedances and their equivalent admittances are presented: Zl2 = 0.02 Z1 3 = 0.08 Z23 = 0.06 Z24 = 0.06 Z25 = 0.04 Z34 = 0.01 Z45 = 0.08
+ jO.06 + jO.24 + jO.18 + jO.18 + jO.12 + jO.03 + jO.24

The Manual Solution

Yl2 = 5 - j15 Y1 3 = 1.25 -j3.75 Y23 = 1.67 -j5.0 Y24 = 1.67 -j5.0 Y25 = 2.5 - j7.5 Y 34 = 10 - j30 Y45 = 1.25 -j3.75

III.
A.

POWER FLOW CA SE S TUDY

An example from [1], (example 7.9 on page 295) solved using MA TLAB is chosen to demonstrate in this study. Figure 1 shows the one-line diagram of a simple 5-bus power system with generator at buses 1,2 and 3. Bus 1,with its voltage set at 1.06 LO pu, is taken as the slack bus. Voltage magnitude and real power generation at buses 2 and 3 are 1.045 pu, 40 MW, and 1.030 pu, 30 MW, respectively. The load MW and MVar values are shown on the diagram. One-half of the line capacitive susceptance and line impedances are presented in per unit on a 1OO-MVA base in Table 1. It is required to obtain the power flow solution for the system.

The Problem

Therefore the bus admittance matrix is formed as:

6.25-jl8.75 -5+jI5 Ybus
=

-5+jl5

-1.25+j175

0 -1.67+j5

0 -2.5+j7.5 0 175-jl 125

10.84-j32.5 -1.67+j5 -1.67+j5 -2.5+j7.5 -10+j30 0

-1.25+j175 -1.67+j5 0 0

12.92-j38.75 -10+j30 -1.25+j175

12.92-j38.75 -1.25+j375

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (lCEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Where Yii
=

LYij
j= l

i:;i: j and n is number of bus.

Converting the bus admittance matrix to polar form with the angles in radians yields:

Qs =-IVsIIv; IIYs tlsin(Ost-8S+8t)-IVsII IIYs21 sin(8S2-8s+82)- IVs IIv;IIYs3Isin(8s3-8s+83) 2 -IV sllv41IYs4Isin(OS4-8s+84)-IV sI IYsslsinOss

(9)

Y.,,=

19.76L-1.2S lS.81L1.89 3.9SL1.89 0 0 lS.81L1.89 34.26L-1.2S S.27L1.89 S.27L1.89 7.91L1.89 4O.8SL-1.2S 31.62L1.89 0 3.9SL1.89 S.27L1.89 31.62L1.89 40.8SL-1.2S 3.9SL1.89 0 S.27L1.89 3.9SL1.89 11.86L-1.2S 0 7.91L1.89 0 1V;IL-8; i: IYijlliL8ij+8j j=t

To obtain the elements of the Jacobian matrix, the derivatives of each of the above equations are taken with respect to the unknown variables O2 ' 0 3 ' 0 4 ' Os ' IV41 and IV sl as presented in the following equations.

Generally, the complex power at bus i of any system is Pi - j i = Q

(1)

Separating the real and imaginary parts of eqn (l) yields

p;
and

= IIV;IIVjIIYijICOS(Oij -8; +8 j) j=t

(2)

Q; =-II V;I IVj I Yijl sin (Oij -8; +8) j=t

(3)

Based on these two general equations, the expressions for the known real power at buses 2, 3, 4 and 5, and that of the reactive power at buses 4 and 5 in our power flow problem are respectively given below:

8P2 882 =IV211v;I Y2tlsin(82t-82+8t)+IV2111 31 sin(823-82+83)+IV21111;4Isin(824-82+84) +IV21I VsIIY2Slsin(82S -82 +8s) 8P2 J 883 =-IV21IV31IY23Isin(823-82+8 8P2 ) (824 884 =-IV21IV41IY24Isin -82+84 8 88s =-1IIVsIIslsin(82S-82+8s) 8 1 =1v;114Icos(824-82+84) 1 8fTs 1 =IV211slcos(02S-82+8s) 1
In the

(10)
(11) (12) (13) (14)

(1 5)

=0.2+IV211v;II;tloos(82t-82+8t)+lvtl;2100s822 +IV2111131cos(823-82+83)+IV2111141cos(824 (4) -82 +84)+IV21IVsIIY2Sloos(82S-82+8s)

same vein, the derivatives of P3

=0.2+11 V;IIJ; tlcos(83 t-83+8t)+II V211J;21 2 OOS(832-83+82)+11 1J;3100s833+11111J;41 OOs(834 -03 +84)+ IV 31IVslll;sIOOS(83s -83 +8s)
P..

(5)

=IV411V;11y.l1lcos(84 t-84+8t)+11IV21121 COS(042-84+82)+IV4111 3Icos(843-84+83)+ IVllY441+ COs 844+IV41IVsIIY4Sloos(84S-84 +8s) (6) =IVsIIv;I Ys tlcos(8s t-8s+8t)+IVsIIIIYs21 oos(8S2-8s+82)+IVs IIIIYs3100s(8s3-8s+83)+ 2 IVs1IV411YS4100s(8s4-8s+84)+IVsI IYssloos8ss

Ps

8 (16) 8 8 882 =-11IV2 1 J;2Isin(032 - 3+ 2) 8 8 8 883 =IV311V;I J;tlsin(03t - 3+ t)+IV31IV211J;2Isin(032 83+82)+Iv;IIV411l';4Isin(834-83+84) (17) + 1J-;IIVsIIl';slsin(83S-83+ 8s) 8 (18) 884 =-IJ-; II I I J;4Isin(834-83+84) 8 (1 9) 88s =-II VsIIJ;slsin(03S-83+8s) IP3 (20) J; COS(034 -83+84) 8I V 4 1 =IV311 41 IP3 (21) 8IV s1 =IV 311l';slcos(03S-83+8s)
For P4, the derivatives are (22)

(7)

Q 4 =-IV411v;IIY4tlsin(04t-84+8 t)-IV41IV21IY42Isin (842-84 +82)-IV41IV3113Isin(843-84 +83)-IVJ (8) 141 sin 844 -IV4 1IVsIIY4 SI sine84 S -84 + 8s)

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (lCEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 8P4 =-IV411f;113Is in(B43 -04 +03) 803 (23 ) OQ 4 =-Iv;IIllsin(B41 -04 +ol)- IVzllzl 8 IV4 1 s in(842 -04+02)-III 3Isin(843 -04 +03 )-

8P4 =IV41 1v; 11 lls in(B41 -04 +01)+ IV41IVzIIY4ZI 804

8P4 =-IV41IVsllsls in(B4S -04 +os) 80s

Sin(842-04 +02) +111f;113Isin(84304+03)+IIIVsIIslsin(84S-04 +os)

(24)
(25)

aP4 =1v;11Y41Icos (B41 -04 +01)+ IV2112Icos (B42 -04 8 lV41

+02)+IV31IY43Icos(843 -04 +03)+2IV41IY441

COS B44 + IVsIIY4Sl cos(B4S -04 +os) a =1IIslcos (B4S-04 +os) 8 lVs1 Similarly for Ps 8 Ps =- IVsIIVzIIYs2Is in(Bs2 - os +02) =- IVs llf;IIYs3Is in(Bs3 -os +03 ) (28) (29) (26 ) (27)

211141 sin B44 - IVsII sl sin(B4S -04 +os) 8Q4 =-IV411slsin(B4S -04 +os) 8 1Vs1 Finally for Qs 8Q s =-IVsIIV21IYszlcos(Bs2 -Os + O2) 802 8Qs =- IVs11f;IIYs31cos (8S3 -Os +03) 803 8Qs =-IVsIIV41IYs4I cos(Bs4 - os +04) 804

(38) (3 9)

(40) (41)
(42)

8Qs =IVs llv;IIYsllcos(Bs1 -oS +ol)+ IVsIIVzIIYszl 80s

802 8 Ps

cos(8S2- os+02)+IVsIIIIYs3Icos(8s3-os +03) (43 ) + IVs IIV41IYs4Icos (8s4-os +04)

8Qs =-IVsIIYs4Isin(Bs4 -os +04) 8 1V4I 8 1VsI 8Q s

(44)

8 Ps =IVsllv;IIYsllsin(Bs l - os +ol)+ IVsIIVzIIYszl 80s

803 8 Ps =-IVsIIV41IYs4Isin(Bs4 -os +04) 804

(30)

=- Iv;IIYslls in(8s1 -oS +01)- IV21IYs21

sin(8S2 -os +oz)- Iv;IIYs3Isin(Bs3 -os +03)- IV41 IYs41sine8S4 - Os+04) - 21Vs IIYsslsin 8S5 Starting with an initial estimate of (45)
'

sin(8S2-os+02)+IVsII IIYs3Isin(8s3-os+03) (31) +IVsIiV41IYs4Isin(8S4-os+04)

aPs =IV sIIYS4I cos(Bs4 -os +04) 8 lV4 I (3 2)

IV I = 1
4 (0 )

(0)

84

(0 )

= 0'

=1v;IIYsllcos (Bs1 -oS +ol)+ IVzIIYszl

cos(8S2-os +02)+IV31IYs3Icos(8s3-os +03 )

+ IV4 1IYS4I cos (Bs4 - os +04)+ 2IVs IIYsslcos 8ss The derivatives ofQ4 are 8Q 4 802 - IV41IV2112Icos(B42 -04 +O2)

(33)

=0 MeanwhIle, the load and generation expressed in per units are P2 sch = 0.4, P3 sch = 0.3, P4 sch = - 0.5, Ps sch = -0.6,Q4 sch = - 0.3,Qs sch = - 0.4. The power residuals are computed as follows, where P2(o>, P3(O), P4(o>, ps(O),Q4(O),Qs(O) are calculated from eqns (4) to (9) respectively.
5 '

IV; I = 1

(0 )

85

(0 )

= 0' and 82

(0)

= 83

Mz(0) =Pzs - Pz(0) =0.4 - 0.389 =0.011 (0) = sch (0) = 0.3 0.312 = 0.012 _ _

ch

(34)
(3 5)

8Q4 =IV411v;11llcos(B41 -04 +01)+ IV41IV21121 804 COS(B4Z -04 +OZ)+ IV411v;113Icos(B43 -04 +03) 8Q4 =-IIIVsIIsl cos (B4S -04 +os) 80s + 1IIVs IIslcos(84S -04 +os)

8Q4 =-IV411113Icos(B43 -04 +03) 803

ch (0) M4(0) =P/ =-0.5 - ( -0.31) =-0.190 APs (0) Ps sch Ps (0) =-0.6 - ( -0.094) =-0.506 =
_ _

AQ4(0) = Q/ch Q4(0) = -0.3 - ( -1.137) = 0.837 AQs(0) =Qssch -Qs(0) =-0.4 - ( -0.344) =-0.056

(36)
(37)

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
0. 01l -0.012 -0.190 -0.506 0.837 -0.056 35.09 -5.39 -5.23 -7.85 1.73 2.59 -5.39 40.40 -30.92
o

-5.23 -30.90 39.9 -3.75 -13.2 1.24

-7.85 0 -3.75 11.60 -3.75 -3.83

-1.73 -10.22 12.57 -1.24 37.63 -3.75

-2.59 0 -1. 24 3.65 -3.75 10.91

10.22
o

The solution of the above matrix with the new bus voltages in the first iteration give
11152(0) = -0.0312 11153(0) = -0.0413 11154(0) = -0.0538 ) 15/ = 0+(-0.0312) = -0.0312 1) 15/ = 0+ (-0.0413) = -0.0413 154 ( ) = 0+ (-0.0538) = -0.0538

/:;152 /:;15/) /:;15/) /:;15/) /:;lv.(O)1 /:;v/O) I I

(0)

The total system loss PL (PI + P 2 + P 3) - (P4 + Ps + 0.4) p.u.

= =

(0.8316

+ 0.4 + 0.3)
=

- (0.5

+ 0.6 + 0.4)

0.0316 p.u.

3.16 MW

Solving the power flow problem using MATPOWER requires the system data to be entered as shown in Fig. 2. In entering the bus data, type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4 are used for the voltage-controlled buses, the load buses, the slack bus, and the isolated buses respectively. It is assumed in this example that the voltage level of the line is 132 kV, though any voltage level could be entered as the base kV. It should be noted that the total line charging susceptance are entered in the branch data even though one-half line charging suseptance are supplied. The status 1 in the generator and branch data denotes that both devices are in service. Status o means the devices are out of service, while status 2 indicates that the devices are isolated from the rest power system. The power flow of system under consideration is run by typing at the MATLAB command prompt

C.

The MATPOWER Solution

I I O I1l v/ ) I = -0.0125
I1 V4(0) = 0.0173

I1t5s (0) = -0.0764

I I t5s ( ) = 0+ (-0.0764) = -0.0764

I v/) I =1+0.0173 =1.0173 I vs (1) 1 =1+ (-0.0125) = 0.9875

=

The above steps were repeated until the solution converged in 4 3 iterations with a maximum power mismatch of 2.5 x 100.992 L- 4.407, 2 1.021 L- 3.255, Vs with V4 L-l.822, 3 L- 2.670
= =

runpf ('Example?')

and striking the enter key. The result which converged in 0.02 seconds is presented in Fig. 3.
Function [baseMVA, bus, gen, branch] = Example7

The slack bus real and reactive powers and the reactive power at buses2 and 3 are:

=ItlllcosBII +1v.I V2112Icos(BI 2-51+5z)+1v.I V31 13Icos(BI 3-51+53)+Iv.IIV411 4Icos(BI 4-51+54) (46) +1v;IIVsII slcos(Bls-5 1+5s) 2 QI =-Iv.1 1llsinBII -1v. I V2112Isin(BI 2-51+5z)-1v.111 13Isin(BI 3-51+53)-I v.IIV411 4Isin(BI 4-51+54) (47) -1v;IIVs ll1'; slsin(Bls -51+5s) Q 2 =-IV211v;1!J';llsin(B21-5 2+51)-IVJIl'; 2IsinB22IV211V311Y231sin(B23 -52+53)-IV21IV41IY24Isin(B24-52 (48) +54)-IVzIIVsII Y2Sl sin(B2S-52 +55)-0.1 Q3 =-IV311v.11J;llsin(B31-53+51)-IIIV211J;2Isin(B32 2 -53+52)-11 1J;3IsinB33-1IIV411J;4Isin(B34-53 (49) + 5 4)-IV;IIVsIIJ;5Isin(B35 - 5 3 + 55) - 0.15
P.
Upon substitutions of the calculated values, we have PI
=

% Power flow data for 5 bus, 3 generator case, % MATPOWER ----Power Flow Data -----%% %% %% system MVA base baseMVA = 100; %% bus data % busj type Pd Qd as Bs area Vm Va basekV zone Vmax bus = [ I o 132 3 0 0 0 0 1.06 o 132 1.06 2 2 20 10 0 0 o 132 3 1.06 2 20 15 0 0 I 50 30 0 0 4 o 132 1.06 o 132 1 60 40 0 0 1.06 5 ]; %% generator data % bus Pg Qg Qmax Qmin Vg mBase status Pmax Pmin
gen= [ I 0 0 2 40 30 3 30 10

Vmin

0,94; 0,94; 0,94; 0.94; 0.94;

50 50 40

10 10 10

1.06 100 1.045 100 1.03 100

100 100 100

10; 10; 10;

];

%% branch data % The MVA limit of the branches are not given, so each was set to 150 x rateA rateB rateC ratio angle status b % fuus tbus r
branch = [

0.8316 p.u. 0.0807 p.u. 0.4081 p.u. 0.2592 p.u.

];

QI Q2 Q3

I I 2 2 2 3 4

2 3 3 4 5 4 5

0,02 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.08

0,06 0.24 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.03 0.24

0,060 0.050 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.050

150 150 150 150 150 150 150

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

I; I; I; I;

I; I;
I;

return;

Fig. 2 MATPOWER Power Flow Solution

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (lCEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Newton's method power flow converged in 3 iterations. Converged in 0.02 seconds. Bus Data Bus Voltage Generation Load # Mag(pu) Ang(deg) P (MW) Q(MVAr) P (MW) Q(MVAr)

System Summary How much? 5 3 3 4 4 o o 7 o o P (MW) Q(MVAr) 30.0 to 140.0 30. 0 to 140.0 73.2 95.0 95.0 0.0 0. 0 9.16 30. 9 0.0

How many? Buses Generators Committed Gens Loads Fixed Dispatchable Shunts Branches Transformers Inter-ties Areas

I 1.060 0.000
2 3 4 5 1.045 1.030 1.019 0.990

-1.782 -2.664 -3.243 -4.405

83.05 40.00 30.00

7.27 41.81 24.15

20.00 20.00 50.00 60.00 150.00

10.00 15.00 30.00 40.00 95.00

Total: Branch Data

153.05

73.23

Total Gen Capacity 300.0 300.0 On-line Capacity Generation (actual) 153.1 150.0 Load 150.0 Fixed 0.0 of 0.0 Dispatchable Shunt (inj) 0.0 Losses (11\2 * Z) 3.05 Branch Charging (inj) Total Inter-tie Flow 0. 0

Minimum Bmch From To From Bus Injection To Bus Injection Loss (11\2 * Z) # Bus Bus P (MW) Q(MVAr) P (MW) Q(MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr) ----- ----- ----- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------I I 2 4.06 -8.76 0.648 1.95 -59.25 59.90 2 I 3 1.22 3.22 -22.74 -7.45 23. 15 0.407 2 0.24 10.91 2.96 -10.83 -7.02 3 3 0.080 2 4 4 18.22 7.24 0.231 -17.99 -10.81 0.69 2 1.295 5 5 50. 12 -48.83 -29.59 30.37 3.89 0.71 4 3 43.58 0.236 23.63 -43.34 -25.02 6 4 -11. 17 -10.41 7 5 11.33 0.154 0.46 5.83 -------- -------Total: 3.053 9.16 Voltage Magnitude 0.990 p.u. @ bus 5 Voltage Angle -4.41 deg @ bus 5 P Losses (11\2*R) QLosses (11\2*X)

Maximum 1.060 p.u. @ bus I 0.00 deg @ bus I 1.30 MW @ line 2-5 3.89 MYAr @ line 2-5

Fig. 4. System Result Summary

V. CONCLUSION This paper has presented a new open-source MA TPOWER as an efficient tool to facilitate the teaching of power system analysis courses at undergraduate level. The MA TLAB-based package has some features that make it suitable for both research and educational purposes since its source code can be modified to the taste of the user. Even though the package can only handle power flow and optimal power flow at present, concerted efforts are on in extending the applications to other areas of power engineering. The result of the power flow problem obtained with MATPOWER was compared with that of Saadat [1] and the two are exactly the same. However, the additional desirable feature of the former is that it is simple and robust. MA TPOWER is also good for carrying out line outage contingency simulations of power systems quickly. As a matter of fact, this is not to say that using software packages for simulation of power systems does not have some disadvantages as pointed out in [14]. However, as far as the authors of this paper are concerned, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, which make computer simulations indispensable in the teaching of power system analysis courses.
REFERENCES

Fig. 3 MATPOWER Power Flow Results

The result of the power flow problem obtained from MA TPOWER package is exactly as that obtained in MA TLAB using Sadaat's approach [1]. This fact confrrms the accuracy of the MATPOWER package. However, comparing the result obtained from Sub-section III (B) shows a slight difference of about 1 % error margin. This is definitely the result of accumulated round-off of figures prior to the fmal answer. Another beauty of MA TPOWER is that it has the capability to compute and display some other details of the systems that are not available in [1]. These details, tagged System S ummary are presented in Fig. 4. In the said figure, all the power flow results of the system under consideration could be viewed at a glance. These details, such as, the minimum and the maximum voltage magnitude and their respective buses, the maximum active and reactive power losses and the branches where they can be found, etc. All these are interesting features that could be of significant value during a contingency analysis of the power system.

[I] [2] [3]

H. Saadat, "Power system analysis. 2002," McGraw-Hill Higher Education (ISBN 0-07-284-869-3). F. Milano, 1. Vanfretti, and J. C. Morataya, "An open source power system virtual laboratory: The PSAT Case and Experience," IEEE Transactions on Ed ucation, vol. 51,pp. 17-23,2008. C. A. Canizares and F. Alvarado, "UWPFLOW: continuation and direct methods to locate fold bifurcations in ACIDCIFACTS power systems," University of Waterloo, 1999.

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2009 International Conference on Engineering Education (lCEED 2009), December 7-8, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[4] J. H. Chow and K. W. Cheung, "A toolbox for power system dynamics and control engineeringeducation and research," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 7,pp. 1559-1564, 1992. F. Milano, "An open source power system analysis toolbox," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20,pp. 1199-1206,2005. R. Zimmerman and D. Gan, "Matpower," Ithaca, NY, Power Systems
Engineering Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University, 1997.

[5] [6]

[7]

A. H. L. Chen, C. O. Nwankpa, H. G. Kwatny, and X. Yu, "Voltage stability toolbox: an introduction and implementation," Proc. of 28 th North American Power Simposium, 1996. A. Abur, F. Magnago, and Y. Lu, "Educational toolbox for power system analysis," IEEE Computer Applications in Power, vol. 13, pp. 31-35,2000. G. Cartina,G. Grigoras, and E. C. Bobric, "Power system analysis using Matlab toolboxes," presented at 6th International Conference on Electromechanical and Power Systems,Chisinau,Rep. Moldova,2007.

[8]

[9]

[10] P.M. Anderson, Analysis of f aultedpower systems. New York: Wiley, 1995. [11] D. C. Hanselman and B. Littlefield, Mastering MATLAB 6: a comprehensive tutorial andref erence: Prentice Hall NJ,2001. [12] R. D. Zimmerman and C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, "MATPOWER 3.2 User's Manual,2007. " [13] MATPOWER package http://www.pserc.comell.edulmatpower/ [14] C. A. Canizares and Z. T. Faur, "Advantages and disadvantages of using various computer tools inelectrical engineering courses," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 40,pp. 166-171, 1997.

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