ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE - JET HYPOTHESIS Energy, time and space are infinite in the nature.

Hydrogen produced in the space from energy. Clouds are formed by the accumulation of hydrogen. Due to the gravitational force large amount of clouds collapsed at a point and the stars were formed in different places at different time. Due to the effect of centripetal force and lack of centrifugal force, these stars started falling at a point and the rotation of stars started around that point like a cyclone, and the galaxies were formed. A number of galaxies have fallen at a point to form the cluster of galaxies. In the same way, due to the effect of centripetal force and lack of centrifugal force, all the clouds, stars, galaxies and cluster of galaxies have fallen at a point. While all these matters were falling at a point, a circular movement of these matters started around that point like the center of a large active galaxy. The central region contains the dark matter. The dark matter is nothing but highly gravitationally compressed matter at highly rotating motion. Matters are still falling into the accretion disk of the central region. Due to the rotation or the frame dragging and interaction of electromagnetic wave loops at the center, the accreted matters are converted into thermal energy and escaped through the two poles of rotational axis when it overcomes the escape velocity like the polar jets or relativistic jets of a large active galaxy. The energy contains high frequency electromagnetic waves and disintegrated sub atomic particles with high velocity. The radiated thermal energy is the dark energy. The dark energy is nothing but the energy with high frequency electromagnetic waves and high velocity subatomic particles. As the thermal energy is radiated from the center of a large object, its escape velocity is more and as the escape velocity and frequency of the thermal energy is more, the speed of radiation of the thermal energy may be faster than the speed of light. Our visible universe is a tiny part of a jet radiated from a pole of the universe. Thus the shape of our part of the universe is a conical sphere which is continuously expanding outwards like the shape of a big loud speaker. The cosmic microwave background radiation which we get from the back is nothing but a continuous thermal radiation from a pole of the universe which is located at the back. We receive the radiation from all the direction because of the refraction and reflection of the energy and rotation of the solar system, galaxies and cluster of galaxies. The central region rotates faster in larger objects to conserve the angular momentum of a wider area as the objects are coming from far away. So the interaction of electromagnetic wave loops are more in the center of larger objects and thus the frequency and speed of the thermal energy which is radiated from the two poles of the universe are more. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, this thermal energy or radiation is radiated in the region of conical sphere in such a manner that it tries to maintain equal temperature in all areas.

New matters are created from the thermal energy depending on the temperature and density and thus the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in the visible region. As the heat is radiated from the pole towards forward and sideways in the region of conical sphere, there is a little variation in temperature between the pole and forward and between the centre of the conical sphere and the sides. Due to the temperature variation, the thermal energy is radiated outwards and the drag force acts in a slightly curved path. That is why the objects are getting continuous force to move. Thus the universe is accelerating and the orientation of our solar system and the galaxies and cluster of galaxies are same in the visible universe. The thermal energy along with gaseous matters are the source of drag force by which all objects are moving forward and rotate on their own axis. New stars and also galaxies are formed from the thermal energy, which are being escaped through the poles. Because of the action of drag force, the action of centrifugal force and the action of centripetal force, all the stars, galaxies and cluster of galaxies continuously get rotary motion and forward motion in the universe. As the position of our galaxy is in, one of the polar region, so we are going away from the centre of the universe. In this way our universe is functioning. There may be infinite number of universes outside our universe. The objects which are moving outwards from the pole return to the central region again through an elliptical or parabolic path and the system continues. We may call the central region a black hole. All the questions related to universe may be answered from this model and all the mathematical equations and observational data may be fit to this model.

Lt Cdr Md Abdul Alim,(N),BN Email: alim40406@yahoo.com