05/02/2013

DAO Design Pattern - A Core J2EE Design Pattern

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DAO Design Pattern: A Core J2EE Design Pattern

DAO Design Pattern
Business applications almost always need access to data from relational or object databases and the Java platform offers many techniques for accessing this data, the best of wich use the DAO Design Pattern. The oldest and most mature technique is to use the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API, which provides the capability to execute SQL queries against a database and then fetch the results, one column at a time. Although this API provides everything a developer needs to access data and to persist application state, it is a cumbersome API to develop against - which makes a code generator particularly useful. Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) offers a newer persistence framework in the form of Entity Beans, a subset of the Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) framework. Although there have been many improvements in the more recent EJB 2.0 specification, many developers are now looking to alternative persistence frameworks, such as Java Persistence API (JPA) and Hibernate DAO.

The Benefits of the DAO Design Pattern

The DAO Design Pattern provides a technique for separating object persistence and data access logic from any particular persistence mechanism or API. There are clear benefits to this approach from an architectural perspective. The DAO Design Pattern approach provides flexibility to change an application's persistence mechanism over time without the need to re-engineer application logic that interacts with the DAO Design Pattern tier. For example, there may be performance benefits in changing an application's performance mechanism from using Entity Beans to using direct JDBC calls from a session bean, or even a move to an alternative persistence framework, such as Hibernate. Without a DAO Design Pattern tier in place, this sort of transition would require extensive re-engineering of existing code. The DAO design pattern also provides a simple, consistent API for data access that does not require knowledge
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DAO Design Pattern - A Core J2EE Design Pattern

of JDBC or EJB interfaces. A typical DAO Design Pattern interface is shown below. public interface CustomerDAO { public void insert(Customer customer) throws CustomerDAOException; public void update(CustomerPK pk, Customer customer) throws CustomerDAOException; public void delete(CustomerPK pk) throws CustomerDAOException; public Customer[] findAll() throws CustomerDAOException; public Customer findByPrimaryKey(String email) throws CustomerDAOException; public Customer[] findByCompany(int companyId) throws CustomerDAOException; } It is important to note that DAO J2EE Design Pattern does not just apply to simple mappings of one object to one relational table, but also allows complex queries to be performed and allows for stored procedures and database views to be mapped into Java data structures. Additional useful information on Data Access Objects J2EE Design Pattern is available here; http://java.sun.com/blueprints/corej2eepatterns/Patterns/DataAccessObject.html http://www.corej2eepatterns.com/Patterns2ndEd/DataAccessObject.htm

Minimizing the Impact of Moving to DAO

CodeFutures' objective is to minimize the importance of the main argument against using DAO Design Pattern: the fact that it requires a significant amount of repetitive source code to be produced for no immediate advantage over using JDBC or EJB directly. For many developers, this disadvantage is good enough reason to ignore the long-term benefits of using a framework-neutral API, especially where there are strict project deadlines. Without the code generation advantages of FireStorm/DAO, it is not easy to justify to a project manager or project sponsor the time and cost of manually writing DAO code, regardless of any future benefits they may see.

DAO Design Pattern Code Generation

CodeFutures' solution to the manual coding problem is to automate the production of a DAO Design Pattern tier, as well as automating the actual implementation logic for whichever persistence framework is deemed
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DAO Design Pattern - A Core J2EE Design Pattern

appropriate for an application. This approach is easy to adopt because almost all databases use a standard language for defining their structure (SQL).

Additional Reading on Design Patterns

EJB Design Patterns by Floyd Marinescu http://www.theserverside.com/books/wiley/EJBDesignPatterns/index.tss The Hillside Group http://hillside.net/patterns/onlinepatterncatalog.htm JavaWorld list of design pattern articles http://www.javaworld.com/columns/jw-java-design-patterns-index.shtml The Design Patterns Java Companion http://www.patterndepot.com/put/8/JavaPatterns.htm Data and Object Factory http://www.dofactory.com/patterns/Patterns.aspx A Learning Guide To Design Patterns http://www.industriallogic.com/papers/learning.html Design Patterns (good quality personal page) http://home.earthlink.net/huston2/dp/patterns.html

Additional Resources
FireStorm/DAO is a database access tool based on the Data Access Object design pattern. Download FireStorm/DAO CodeFutures provides a free program to analyze the performance of your MySQL database. Free MySQL Performance Analysis Read about how Database Sharding helps many major companies to linearly scale their database applications. Request Database Sharding White Paper dbShards economically scales large, high transaction volume databases using Database Sharding. View Introduction to dbShards Video
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DAO Design Pattern - A Core J2EE Design Pattern

dbShards FireStorm/DAO
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FireStorm/DAO Overview DAO Benefits FireStorm/DAO Features FireStorm/DAO Architecture FireStorm/DAO FAQs DAO Design Pattern DAO Tutorial DAO Download
FireStorm/DAO Editions

Product Range Architect Edition OEM Edition Free MySQL Performance Analysis Click Here DATABASE PERFORMANCE TOOLS dbShards economically scales large, high transaction volume databases using Database Sharding, dramatically improving the response times and scalability of OLTP databases, Software as a Service applications, and any database application with many concurrent users. FireStorm/DAO is a database access tool that generates Data Access Objects based on Java DAO, JDBC DAO, Hibernate DAO, and Spring DAO. Site Map | Legal | Site Search Technologies Supported: Database Sharding | Data Access Object Spring DAO Hibernate DAO | JDBC DAO | Java DAO | DAO Code Copyright 2003-2009 CodeFutures Corporation. All rights reserved. dbShards, FireStorm/DAO, FireStorm/SDO, and CodeFutures are trade marks of CodeFutures Corporation.

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