A tour of the Cell Chapter 6 I. Cells Fundamental units of life a. Shows all the properties of life i.

. They use DNA as hereditary material and for protein synthesis ii. Most cells reproduce iii. Transform matter to energy (metabolism) iv. Respond to their environment b. Major events in Cell Biology i. 1st microscope ii. Robert Hooke iii. Leewenhoek iv. Schleiden & Schwann v. 1st Transmission electron microsope Cell Theory (Schleiden & Schwann) a. All organissm are made of cells b. All life forms are made of one or more cells c. The cell is structural & functional uint of all living things d. All cells contain hereditary information e. All cells are basically the same in chemical compostion f. All energy flow of life occurs within cells Cell Size a. Cells are small (1-100 m3) with a few exceptions

II.

III.

IV. Observing cells a. Stereoscopic (dissection) b. Compound Light Microscope (LM) c. Electron Microscope i. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) ii. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) d. Cell Fractionation i. Technique used to study cell structure and function V. Cells can be unicellular a. Having or consisting of one single cell b. Examples i. Bacteria, amoeba

VI. Cells can be multicellular a. Having more than one cell, and having differentiated cells that perform specialized functions b. Examples

i. Humans, seals, Algae, etc.. VII. Cells Must exchange material with their environment a. Require a large surface area relative to volume VIII. Prokaryotes a. Represented by two Domains i. Bacteria ii. Archaea b. Characteristics i. Great diversity in forms of metabolism ii. Inhabit environmental extremes iii. Most Unicellular that forms chains, filaments or colonies iv. NO true nucleus 1. Nucleoid v. NO membrane bound organelles vi. Cytoplasm/cytosol vii. Plasma membrane viii. Most have a cell wall 1. Peptidoglycan ix. Characteristics present in MOST, but not all 1. Capsule 2. Flagella 3. Pili 4. Photosynthetic membranes IX. Eukaryotes a. Represented by one Domain (Eukarya) with four Kingdoms (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia). b. Characterisitics i. True Nucleus ii. Membrane Bound organelles iii. Usually larger than prokaryotes iv. Cytoskeleton v. Cytoplasm/cytosol vi. Plasma membrane vii. Organelles structures that have specific shapes and functions 1. Nucleus 2. Ribosomes 3. Endomembrane System a. Endoplasmic reticulum i. Rough ER ii. Smooth ER b. Golgi Apparatus c. Lysosomes

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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d. Vacuoles i. Food vacuoles ii. Contractiles vacuoles iii. Central Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplasts Peroxisomes Glyoxysomes Cytoskeleton a. Microfilaments b. Intermediate filaments c. Microtubules Extracellular Structures a. Cell wall of plants b. Extracellular matrix c. Intercellular junctions i. Plasmodesmata (plants) ii. Tight, desomsomes, & gap junctions (animals)

X.

Plant vs. Animal Cells a. What are the differences between the two? b. What are the similarities?

XI. Prokaryotes vs. Eukarytoes a. What are the differences between the two? b. What are the similarities?