Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Introduction to Mechatronics
Steven Armoo
RUCST

September 1, 2012

Steven Armoo (RUCST)

Mechatronics

September 1, 2012

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Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Outline
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Objectives Introduction History Denition Key Elements Introduction Examples Advantages Summary Analysis References
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Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Outline
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Objectives Introduction History Denition Key Elements Introduction Examples Advantages Summary Analysis References
Steven Armoo (RUCST) Mechatronics September 1, 2012 2 / 18

Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Outline
1 2

Objectives Introduction History Denition Key Elements Introduction Examples Advantages Summary Analysis References
Steven Armoo (RUCST) Mechatronics September 1, 2012 2 / 18

Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Outline
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Objectives Introduction History Denition Key Elements Introduction Examples Advantages Summary Analysis References
Steven Armoo (RUCST) Mechatronics September 1, 2012 2 / 18

Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Outline
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Objectives Introduction History Denition Key Elements Introduction Examples Advantages Summary Analysis References
Steven Armoo (RUCST) Mechatronics September 1, 2012 2 / 18

Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Objectives
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to :
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trace the origin of mechatronics; understand the key elements of mechatronics systems; relate with everyday examples of mechatronics systems; appreciate how mechatronics integrates knowledge from dierent disciplines in order to realize engineering and consumer products that are useful in everyday life; list and explain the benets of mechatronics.

Steven Armoo (RUCST)

Mechatronics

September 1, 2012

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Outline

Objectives

Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

History
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A Japanese engineer, Ko Kikuchi, from Yasukawa Electric Company coined the term mechatronics in 1969 to reect the merging of mechanical and electrical engineering disciplines The term encompasses a large array of technologies, many of which have become well known in their own right Each technology still has the basic element of the merging of mechanics and electronics but now also may involve much more, particularly software and information technology. For example, many early robots resulted from mechatronics development. As robot systems became smarter, software development, in addition to the mechanical and electrical systems, became central to mechatronics. Mechatronics gained legitimacy in academic circles in 1996 with the publication of the rst refereed journal.
IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics
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Denition I
Mechatronics has been dened in many dierent ways over the years.
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The synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes. incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms the integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary area of engineering that combines mechanical and electrical engineering and computer science where mechanical and electronic engineering connect The word, mechatronics, is composed of mecha from mechanism and the tronics from electronics.

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September 1, 2012

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Denition II
A mechatronic device is one that is able to perceive the surrounding environment, make appropriate decisions based on that information, and execute those decisions (take action)
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Perceive the environment = Sensors Controller = Make Decisions Take Action =Actuators

Working Denition It is the synergistic integration of sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, power electronics, decision and control algorithms, and computer hardware and software to manage complexity, uncertainty, and communication in engineered systems

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Mechatronics

September 1, 2012

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Introduction

Key Elements

Advantages

References

Denition III

Figure 1: Mechatronics Constituents

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Key Elements I
The study of mechatronic systems can be divided into the following areas of specialty: 1 Information Systems
Modeling and Simulation
Modelling is the process of representing the behaviour of a real system by a collection of mathematical equations and logic. Simulation is the process of solving the model and is performed on computer.

Automatic Controls Optimization

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Mechanical Systems
mechanical structure, mechanism, thermo-uid, and hydraulic aspects of a mechatronics system Mechanical elements require physical power to produce motion, force, heat, etc
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Key Elements II
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Electrical Systems
Electrical components (e.g., resistor (R), capacitor (C), inductor (L), transformer, etc.), circuits, and analog signals Electronic components - analog/digital electronics, transistors, thyristors, opto-isolators, operational ampliers, power electronics, and signal conditioning

Computer Systems
Analog-to-digital (A2D) converter, digital-to-analog (D2A) converter, digital input/output (I/O), counters, timers, microprocessor, microcontroller, data acquisition and control (DAC) board, and digital signal processing (DSP) board

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Key Elements III

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Sensors and Actuators

Sensor : A variety of physical variables can be measured using sensors, e.g., light using photo-resistor, stress and pressure using strain gauge, temperature using thermistor, etc Actuator : DC servomotor, stepper motor, relay, solenoid, speaker, light emitting diode (LED), shape memory alloy, electromagnet, and pump apply commanded action on the physical process

Real-Time Interfacing
Analog signal Digital signal Frequency signal

As the eld of mechatronics continues to mature, the list of relevant topics associated with the area will most certainly expand and evolve.

Steven Armoo (RUCST)

Mechatronics

September 1, 2012

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Key Elements IV

Figure 2: The key elements of mechatronics.

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Some examples of mechatronic systems I

Today, mechatronic systems are commonly found in homes, oces, schools, shops, and of course, in industrial applications. Common mechatronic systems include:
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Domestic appliances, such as fridges and freezers, microwave ovens, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, cookers, timers, mixers, blenders, stereos, televisions, telephones, lawn mowers, digital cameras, videos and CD players, camcorders, and many other similar modern devices; Domestic systems, such as air conditioning units, security systems, automatic gate control systems; Oce equipment, such as laser printers, hard drive positioning systems, liquid crystal displays, tape drives, scanners, photocopiers, fax machines, as well as other computer peripherals;

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Mechatronics

September 1, 2012

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Some examples of mechatronic systems II

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Retail equipment, such as automatic labelling systems, bar-coding machines, and tills found in supermarkets; Manufacturing equipment, such as numerically controlled (NC) tools, pick-and-place robots, welding robots, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and other industrial robots; Aviation systems, such as cockpit controls and instrumentation, ight control actuators, landing gear systems, and other aircraft subsystems. Medical: implant-devices, assisted surgery, etc. Defence: unmanned air, ground, and underwater vehicles, smart munitions, jet engines, etc.

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List of Advantages
There are many benets to a mechatronics solution. These benets include:
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Enhanced features and functionality More user-friendly Precision control More ecient Flexible design (reprogrammable) More reliable Smaller Safer Low cost

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In-depth Analysis of Advantages I

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More Features
Incorporating a microcontroller into a design allows for expanded features and functionality. A mechanical design typically provides only one function. Designing with a microcontroller oers the exibility of adding features like LCD displays, lighting LEDs, a user interface, programmability, safety features, speed control, soft-startup. eg. Modern washing machines

More user-friendly
Mechatronics solutions also appeal to consumers because they are more user-friendly. The improvements in automotive technology over the past decades is evidence of this fact. Power windows, power door locks, keyless entry, and numerous other conveniences testify to the fact that consumers prefer mechatronic solutions.

Precision control

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In-depth Analysis of Advantages II

Flow rate, speed, position, and any number of other variables can be controlled precisely with a microcontroller. Purely mechanical solutions are not as ecient, nor as precise as mechatronic solutions
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More ecient
Incorporating a microcontroller into a design allows for expanded features and functionality. A mechanical design typically provides only one function. Designing with a microcontroller oers the exibility of adding features like LCD displays, lighting LEDs, a user interface, programmability, safety features, speed control, soft-startup. eg. Modern washing machines

Low cost
In some cases, a mechatronic solution costs less than the alternative mechanical solution. A complex mechanical solution may be simplied using a microcontroller-based approach. Design time, product size, and reliability can all be improved with a mechatronic solution. All these factors impact the cost over the lifetime of a product.
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Introduction

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In-depth Analysis of Advantages III

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Flexible Design
Product specications change during design. With a microcontroller, the timing of a signal, the sequence of events, or any number of software controlled parameters can be changed quickly without the need for a product redesign.

Increased Reliability
Mechanical designs are prone to wear and tear over time. In many situations a mechatronic solution is more reliable.

Smaller Size
Adding a microcontroller to a system may result in space savings.

Safer
Adding intelligence to a system makes it safer. Whether you add an automatic shutdown to a coee pot or sense when a system is overheating, numerous safety checks can be easily added to a system when a microcontroller is controlling the system.
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Introduction

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Advantages

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References
F. Harshama, M. Tomizuka and T. Fukuda, Mechatronics - what is it, why and how?, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 1996 Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq, Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Mechatronics: Concept & Components. Robert H. Bishop, The University of Texas at Austin and M. K. Ramasubramanian, North Carolina State University, What is Mechatronics.

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