NAME CLASS COLLEGE NUMBER PRACTICAL 4

: : : :

NURHAZIQAH BINTI IZAN MD83 IBM 12124 TO INVESTIGATE OSMOSIS IN POTATO WHEN IMMERSED IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF SUCROSE SOLUTION

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA :

DCP , CE

DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING

A) QUANTITATIVE DATA

Concentration of sucrose solution / mol dm 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0

Initial length / lA (0.05 cm) 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Final length (0.05 cm)

Average final Length / lB (0.15 cm) 4.10 4.00 4.10 3.90 3.60

l1
4.10 4.00 4.10 3.90 3.70

l2
4.10 4.00 4.10 3.90 3.60

l3
4.10 4.00 4.10 3.90 3.60

Change of length of Potato strips / ( lB - lA ) 0.20 cm 0.10 0.00 0.10 -0.10 -0.40

Standard deviation

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1000

Table 1 shows the change of length of potato strips after being immersed in different concentration of sucrose solution

B) QUALITATIVE DATA

Concentration of sucrose solution / mol dm

Initial observations on potato strips Strips are turgid Strips are turgid Strips are turgid Strips are turgid Strips are turgid

Final Observations On Potato strips Strips become turgid Strips have no change Strips become turgid Strips become flaccid Strips become flaccid

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0

Table 2 shows the final observation on potato strips after being immersed in different concentration of sucrose solution for 30 minutes

Preparing 20 cm of sucrose solution with different molarities using the dilution method from sucrose solution and distilled water Formula of dilution: MV = MV In this case : M = 1.0 mol dm V = 20 cm

Molarities of sucrose solution, M(mol dm)

Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sucrose solution, V (0.05) cm 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 20.0

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0

Volume of distilled water needed to prepare a 20 cm of sucrose solution, (0.05) cm 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 0.0

Table 3 shows the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sucrose solution and distilled water needed to prepare 20 cm of sucrose solution with different molarities.

Calculating the average final length of potato strips after being immersed in sucrose solution (mean) / cm Formula: Mean = length (cm) of each strips in respective concentration Total number of strips = l + l + l 3

Concentration of sucrose solution / mol dm

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0

Length of potato strips (0.05) cm

12.3 12.0 12.3 11.7 10.9

Average final reading, length/3 (0.15) cm

4.10 4.00 4.10 3.90 3.63

Table 4 shows the average of final length of potato strips / cm

*Calculation of standard deviation is done by Microsoft Office Excel 2007

CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION

Conclusion In conclusion, osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a solution with higher water potential to lower water potential through semi-permeable membrane until a dynamic equilibrium is achieved. Water potential of a solution is the tendency for water molecule to diffuse out of a solution. Osmosis occur both in animal cells and plant cells. Dissolved substances attract a group of polar water molecules around them. The forces holding the water molecules in this way are weak chemical bonds, including hydrogen bonds. Osmosis is a passive transport which means that osmosis

requires no energy in diffusion of a substance across a membrane. The concentration gradient itself represents potential energy and drives diffusion.

Three potato strips were immersed in different concentration of sucrose solution for thirty minutes. All the potato strips show increase in length when immersed in 0.2 mol dm
-3 -3

of sucrose solution.

This shows that 0.2 mol dm of sucrose solution is hypotonic towards the potato strips. Hypotonic solution can be defined as a solution that contains higher concentration of water ( less solute ) compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. If the cell is surrounded in hypotonic solution, water diffuses from the solution into the cell through osmosis which results in the expansion and swelling of the cell. But, in plant cell, the cell becomes turgid because presence of cell wall which prevents it from bursting. In fact, it is the osmotic pressure or which is called ad turgor pressure that helps keep the plant from wilting and losing its shape. This means that the concentration of solute in the 0.2 mol dm-3 of sucrose solutionis lower than the concentration of solute in the cytoplasm. Hence, the water molecules in the sucrose solutions diffuse into the cytoplasm of potato stripss by osmosis. This cause the water conent inside the potato strips to increase thus increasing in their length.

When the three potato strips were immersed in 0.3 mol dm -3 of sucrose solution, there is no change in the final length of potato strips after 30 minutes immersed. Therefore, we can conclude that 0.3 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution is an isotonic solution. In biology, isotonic solution is the solution that the concentration of water molecules is the same as concentration of solutes. There will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane. But, the water diffuses across the membranes at the same rate in both directions.

As the potato strips were immersed in 0.4 mol dm-3, there is a slight increase in change of potato strips. Meanwhile, as the potato strips were immersed in 0.5 mol dm -3 and 1.0 mol dm-3, there is decrease in length of potato strips at the end of observations. It means that the solutions are hypertonic towards the cytoplasm. Hypertonic solution refers to solution that contains lower concentration of water ( more solutes ) compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. When the cell is surrounded by hypertonic solution, there is net movement of water through osmosis from the cell into solution. This causes the cell to lose water and results in shrivelling and shrinking of the cell. When a plant cell is set to a hypertonic environment the cell will become flaccid. This process is called plasmolysis. In this case, the concentration of solute in the 0.4 mol dm -3 of sucrose solution, 0.5 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution and 1.0 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution is higher than the concentration of solute in the cytoplasm. So, the water molecules inside the potato strips will diffuses out into the sucrose solution by osmosis. This cause the water content inside the strip to decreases thus decreasing its length. But, there is human error in 0.4 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution which causes the length of potato strips to increase at final observations. As the final conclusion, the cytoplasm in the cell of potato strips is hypertonic to 0.2 mol dm3 of sucrose solution. While in 0.3 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution, the cytoplasm is isotonic to the sucrose solution. On the other hand, the cytoplasm is hypotonic to the 0.4 mol dm -3 of sucrose solution, 0.5 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution and 1.0 mol dm-3 of sucrose solution.

Graph of Change of Length of Potato Strips against Concentration of Sucrose Solution

0.2

0.1

Change of Length of Potato Strips / cm

0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

Concentration of Sucrose Solution / mol dm

Graph 1 shows average change of length of potato strips against concentration of Sucrose solution

Evaluation
Limitation and Method of Improvement: LIMITATION The high uncertainty of ruler cause the reading to be less precise and cannot detect the small changes in length of potato strips The measuring cylinder used has high uncertainty causing the molarity and volume of sucrose solution to be less precise. METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT Use vernier calliper that has lower uncertainty so that even a slight change of length of potato strips can be detected Use measuring cylinder that has lower uncertainty for measuring the volume of both sucrose solution and distilled water in preparing sucrose solution of different molarities. Conduct the experiment in a longer period so that we can make sure that the diffusion has occurred completely and the change in length of potato strips is ore obvious.

The period of the experiment conducted is short thus the changes in length of potato strips is not obvious and less precise.