Book Reference:
Computer Technology
Programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data raw facts and figures -- and processes, or manipulates, it into usable information.
TOP FIVE USES: Email Internet Typing Letters/ Correspondence Research Games
Source: The New York Times, September 30, 2002, p.C1
Communication Technology
Consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances. What is the meaning of the following term? go online ? pervasive computing ?
Pervasive computing
Anytime anywhere accessing the information
The world has moved on beyond boxy computers that sit on desks. Today handheld computers and cell phones let us access information anytime anywhere
Not just the general information but personal information --- electronic correspondence, documents, appointments, photos, songs, money matters, and other data important to us.
Example: yourname@niit.edu.pk
User ID Domain/Server
Network
Communication system connecting two or more computers with each other so that they can share resources.
LAN: Local Area Network MAN: Metropolitan Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network
Network
LAN: Local Area Network connects, usually by cable, a group of desktop PCs and other devices, such as printers, in an office or a building. MAN: Metropolitan Area Network A data network intended to serve an area the size of a large city. Such networks are being implemented by innovative techniques, such as running optical fiber through subway tunnels. WAN: Wide Area Network A communications network that uses such devices as telephone lines, satellite dishes, or radio waves to span a larger geographic area than can be covered by a LAN.
Network
LAN is maintained inside a building or small campus MANs connect LANs together within a city WANs connects LANs together across the country.
Cyberspace
Includes not only the online world and the Internet in particular, but also the whole wired and wireless world of communications in general. Two most important aspects of cyberspace include Internet World Wide Web
Internet
Worldwide network that connects up to 400,000 smaller networks in more than 200 countries.
Multimedia
Technology that presents information in more than one medium, such as text, still images, moving images, and sound.
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Supercomputers
High-capacity machines with hundreds of thousands of processors that can perform over 1 trillion calculations per second. Price range $500,000 to more than $350 millions
Applications: Processing of Enormous data, Forecasting Weather, designing Aircrafts, modeling Molecules, breaking Encryption codes, Simulating explosion Of nuclear bombs, Film animation, IBM ASCI White
Mainframes
Water- or air-cooled computers that vary in size from small, to medium, to large, depending on their use. Price ranges from $5,000 to $5 million
VP2400 mainframe
Workstations
Expensive, powerful computers usually used for complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.
Microcomputers
A Desk Top Personal Computer: price ranges between $500 to $ 5,000
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Microcomputers
A Tower Case Personal Computer
Sony tower PC
Microcomputers
A Lap Top Personal Computer Lightweight portable computers with built-in monitor, keyboard, harddisk drive, battery and AC adapter.
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Microcomputers
A Personal Digital Assistant or Palmtops Personal organization toolsschedule planners, address books, to-do lists, send email and faxes.
Microcontrollers
Embedded computers are the tiny, specialized microprocessors installed in "smart" appliances and automobiles.
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Server
A server, central computer, holds collections of data and programs for connecting PCs, workstations, and other devices, which are called clients.
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Clients
Clients = PCs, workstations, & other devices
Clients are PCs or Workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power.
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20% 25%
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Hardware All the machinery and equipment in a computer system or all the tangible components in a computer e.g. CPU, I/O devices etc.
Software Consists of programs where programs contains instructions written in some programming language that tell the computer how to perform a task e.g. Operating System, BIOS etc.
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Processor Chip - A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of miniature electronic circuits.
Also called the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
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Primary storage (memory) Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed Secondary storage (storage) The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently
Memory chips:
Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory). Represent primary storage or temporary storage. Hold data before processing and information after processing.
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Input Processing Storage Output Communications Megabyte 220 bytes of data = 1048576 Gigabyte 230 bytes of data = 1073741824 Byte 8 bits of data Kilobyte 210 bytes of data = 1024 bytes
Floppy-disk drive - a storage device that stores data on removable 3.5-inch-diameter diskettes. Zip-disk drive - a storage device that stores data on floppy-disk cartridges with 70-170 times the capacity of the standard floppy.
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Hard-disk drive - a storage device that stores billions of characters of data on a Non-removable disk platter.
CD (Compact Disk) drive or DVD (Digital Video Disk) drive - a storage device
that uses laser technology to read data from optical disks.
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Sound card - enhances the computers sound-generating capabilities by allowing sound to be output through speakers.
Speakers Speakers - the devices that play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card.
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Video card - converts the processors output information into a video signal that
can be sent through a cable to the monitor.
Monitor - the display device that takes the electrical signals from the video card and forms an
image using points of colored light on the screen.
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Printer
Modem
Modem - a device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers.
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System Software
System Software
Operating Systems DOS Window 9X Windows XP Windows Me Windows Pro Unix Linux Sun Solaris Mac OS OS/2 Device Drivers Modem Sound Card VGA Ethernet TV Tuner BIOS Embedded S/Ws Compilers/ Interpreters Assembly COBOL FORTRAN BASIC C/C++ PASCAL VB VC++ JAVA System Utilities fdisk format sys doskey Defragmentation scandisk
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Application Software
Application Software
Productivity S/W Business S/W Graphics S/W Educational S/W Reference S/W Utility S/W Copy middleware
Others:
Word Processor Spread Sheets DBMS Vertical Market S/W Horizontal Market S/W
Artificial Intelligence Neural Networks Software Agents Machine Translation HCI Natural Lang. Translation Management Info. Sys. Autonomic Comp. Adaptive Computing Mobile Computing Ubiquitous Computing Pervasive Computing Distributed Computing Grid Computing
Now 1946 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) vs. todays handheld PDA
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Thank you
Thank you
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