Marielle Mae O. Tan, BSN, RN NAS 402 Neoclassical theorists They considered good human relations as good management.

t. The work on this subject was pioneered by Elton Mayo and his associates .These theories are also known as human relations theories. Elton mayo understood men as perfectly as Taylor understood machines. The essence of this revolution was focus on the organization as a social system.

Main contribution of neoclassical theorists The organization is a social system composed of various interacting parts it is a group of persons with a common objective. Within the organization there exists an informal organization which interacts with each other. Human beings are interdependent, their behavior can be predicted based on social and psychological factors at work. Many socio- psychological factors work to motivate people. Human being do not always react rationally-in terms of rewards There is a conflict of goals between that of organization and that of the individualthis needs to be reconciled. Team work , essential for efficient functioning is not automatic, is to be developed Modern Organization Theory Systems Theory

Is a set of interconnected and inter-related elements of management activity. Three components: arrangement, objectives and a plan. The system approach is divided into closed and open systems. The open system consists of the input transformation process, output, feedback and environment. The closed system believes in internal management. It is like a closed loop which is autonomous and independent. Systems theory views organizations as open systems in a state of dynamic equilibrium, which are continually changing and adapting to environment and circumstance.

Nonlinear relationships between organizational components create a complex understanding of organizations in systems theory.

Socio-technical Systems View Is an approach to complex organizational work design that recognizes the interaction between people and technology in workplaces. Term also refers to the interaction between society's complex infrastructures and human behavior. The term sociotechnical system was coined in the 1960s by Eric Trist, Ken Bamforth and Fred Emery, who were working as consultants at the Tavistock Institute in London. founded on two main principles:
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One is that the interaction of social and technical factors creates the conditions for successful (or unsuccessful) organizational performance. This interaction consists partly of linear "cause and effect" relationships (the relationships that are normally "designed") and partly from "non-linear", complex, even unpredictable relationships (the good or bad relationships that are often unexpected). Whether designed or not, both types of interaction occur when socio and technical elements are put to work.

The corollary of this, and the second of the two main principles, is that optimization of each aspect alone (socio or technical) tends to increase not

only the quantity of unpredictable, "un-designed" relationships, but those relationships that are injurious to the system's performance.

Contingency theory Is also known as situational theory. No particular design or managerial action can suit all time and all situations Contingency theory focuses on external determinants of organization structure and behavior It fills an important lacuna of the systems theory by spelling out relationship between organization and its environment

Reference: Organization Theory. (2010, February 19). StudyMode.com. Retrieved from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Organization-Theory-284914.html Sociotechnical system. (18 September 2012). Retrieved 29 September 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociotechnical_systems Online Citation -- ( Sociotechnical system., 18 September 2012 )