World Logistics Center Project Draft Environmental Impact Report

World Logistics Center Project Draft Environmental Impact Report
Cancer Risks. As noted in Section 4.3.3, Methodology, the project health risk assessment examined two scenarios:
Scenario 1: No Project scenario in which cancer risks are estimated given vehicle traffic and diesel PM emissions spanning the 70-year cancer risk exposure time period from the existing condition 2012 to 2081 under the assumption that existing land uses plus other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable projects (both land development and roadway improvements) are implemented in 2017, 2022, and 2035. Within the City of Moreno Valley, full buildout of the General Plan was assumed in 2035, except for the project site, which was assumed to be unchanged from existing conditions. Scenario 2: the With Project scenario shows the effect of project-related construction and operational traffic diesel PM emissions if the project were built out in accordance with its proposed phased buildout schedule and then added to the No Project scenario during the 70-year cancer exposure time period from 2012 to 2081. This scenario forms the basis of comparison with the No Project to quantify the incremental impacts from the project.
Table 4.3.Z compares the total operational diesel PM emissions estimated for Scenario 1 No Project and Scenario 2 With Project including project truck yards, local roadway network internal to the project site, local surface streets, and freeway mainline segments in this assessment for the years 2012, 2017, 2022, and 2035. Table 4.3.Z: Operational Diesel PM Emissions (pounds per day)
Daily Diesel PM Emissions (pounds per day) Year 2012 2017 2022 2035 Scenario 1 (No Project) 823 265 260 362 Scenario 2 (With Project) 823 289 314 413 Project Increment 0 24 54 51
Source: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Health Risk Assessment Report, January 2013.
Of note from the above table is that diesel PM emissions decline significantly from the existing condition in 2012 throughout the future years due to the effects of mandated emission controls on heavy duty diesel vehicles. Further, the Scenario 2 With Project emissions for 2017, 2022, and 2035 are all less than the existing 2012 emissions. Note further that the future decline in emissions would even be greater than indicated except that the emission totals reflect growth in future vehicle traffic that offsets some of the emission declines resulting simply from the mandated emission controls. Table 4.3.AA compares the maximum cancer risks for Scenario 1, No Project, Scenario 2, With Project, and the projects incremental impact at three locations: at the maximum individual cancer risk anywhere in the area covered by the dispersion model, at the sensitive receptors located within the boundaries of the WLC Specific Plan, and at the sensitive receptors located in the residential areas to the west of the project across Redlands Boulevard. Note that each scenario quantified cancer risks over the 20122081 70-year risk exposure time period. Note further that the projects incremental impacts include both construction and operational emissions.
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Table 4.3.AA: Estimated Cancer Risks, Without Mitigation

Cancer Risk (risk per million)A Scenario 1 No Project 183.9 21.0 25.0 Scenario 2 With ProjectB 190.4 121.7 47.2 Project IncrementB 6.5 100.7 22.2 Significance Threshold 10 10 10 Project Increment Exceeds Threshold? No Yes Yes
Receptor Location Maximum Individual Cancer C Risk Cancer Risk within the Specific PlanD Cancer Risk in Residential Areas Across Redlands BoulevardE
A. B. C.
70-year lifetime exposures over the 2012 to 2081 time period. Projects incremental impacts assume unmitigated construction diesel PM emissions. The maximum individual cancer risk is located near the intersection of Interstate 10 and State Route 60 near the City of Beaumont. D. The maximum affected sensitive receptor located within the Specific Plan is located near the Intersection of Theodore Street, Street E and Street F. E. The maximum impacted sensitive receptor within the residential areas to the west of the project across Redlands Boulevard is located near the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and Eucalyptus Avenue. Source: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Health Risk Assessment Report, January 2013.
As noted in Table 4.3.AA, the projects incremental cancer risks exceed the SCAQMDs cancer risk significance threshold of 10 in a million at sensitive receptor locations both within the WLC Specific Plan boundaries (existing residences) as well as within the residential areas located to the west of the WLC Specific Plan across Redlands Boulevard. Figure 4.3.9 shows a plot of the No Project cancer risks while Figure 4.3.10 shows the With Project cancer risks. Figure 4.3.11 shows a plot of the projects incremental cancer risks compared to the No Project scenario prior to any mitigation. Figure 4.3.12 provides the cancer risk within the immediate vicinity of the project. As shown in Table 4.3.AA, the estimated cancer risk at the sensitive receptors located within the boundaries of the Specific Plan from the project is 100.7 in one million, above the threshold of 10 in one million. Within the existing residential areas to the west of the project across Redlands Boulevard, the cancer risk from the project is 22.2 in 1 million, also above the threshold of 10 in one million. This is a significant impact and mitigation is required. A risk level of 1 in a million implies a likelihood that up to one person, out of one million equally exposed people would contract cancer if exposed continuously (24 hours per day) to the specific concentration over 70 years (an assumed lifetime). This risk would be an excess cancer risk that is in addition to any cancer risk borne by a person not exposed to these air toxics.1 Mitigation Measures. The mitigation measures previously identified under Impact 4.3.6.2 (Mitigation Measures 4.3.6.2A, 4.3.6.2B, and 4.3.6.2D) and Impact 4.3.6.3 (Mitigation Measures 4.3.6.3A and 4.3.6.3B) to reduce construction and operational emissions of criteria pollutants would reduce the estimated cancer risks associated with the project. Level of Significance after Mitigation. Table 4.3.AB summarizes the 70-year lifetime cancer risks after implementation of mitigation for the project-related health risk impacts. As shown, cancer risks
Definition of a 1 in a million cancer risk from the US EPA, Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics, Glossary of Key Terms, Website: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/natamain/gloss1.html.
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Lake Perris
FIGURE 4.3.9
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World Logistics Center Project Environmental Impact Report No Project Cancer Risk
SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-9_NoProjectCancerRisk8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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FIGURE 4.3.10
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SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-10_WithProjectCancerRisk8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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FIGURE 4.3.11
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World Logistics Center Project Environmental Impact Report Project Incremental Cancer Risk
SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-11_IncrementalCancerRisk8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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FIGURE 4.3.12
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SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-12_CancerRiskNearProj8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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exceed the threshold of 10 in one million. Despite implementation of mitigation measures, impacts remain significant and unavoidable. Figure 4.3.13 displays the projects cancer risks after mitigation. Table 4.3.AB: Estimated Cancer Risks for Sensitive Receptors With Mitigation
Cancer Risk (risk per million)A Scenario 1 No Project 183.9 21.0 25.0 Scenario 2 With ProjectB 190.2 97.8 45.9 Project IncrementB 6.3 76.8 20.9 Significance Threshold 10 10 10 Project Increment Exceeds Threshold? No Yes Yes
Receptor Location Maximum Individual Cancer RiskC Cancer Risk within the Specific D Plan Cancer Risk in Residential Areas E Across Redlands Boulevard
A. B. C.
70-year lifetime exposures over the 2012 to 2081 time period. Projects incremental impacts assume unmitigated construction diesel PM emissions. The maximum individual cancer risk is located near the intersection of Interstate 10 and State Route 60 near the City of Beaumont. D. The maximum affected sensitive receptor located within the Specific Plan is located near the Intersection of Theodore Street, Street E and Street F. E. The maximum impacted sensitive receptor within the residential areas to the west of the project across Redlands Boulevard is located near the intersection of Redlands Boulevard and Eucalyptus Avenue. Source: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Health Risk Assessment Report, January 2013.
4.3.7
4.3.7.1
Cumulative Impacts
Short-Term Air Quality Impacts
The cumulative area for air quality impacts is the Basin. It is generally accepted that if a project exceeds the regional threshold for a nonattainment pollutant, then it would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of that pollutant and result in a significant cumulative impact. The Basin is currently in nonattainment for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). The implementation of the project would contribute criteria pollutants to the area during project construction. A number of individual projects in the area may be under construction simultaneously with the proposed project. Depending on construction schedules and actual implementation of projects in the area, generation of fugitive dust and pollutant emissions during construction would result in substantial short-term increases in air pollutants. Each project would be required to comply with the SCAQMDs standard construction measures; however, despite adherence to SCAQMDs standard construction measures and Mitigation Measures 4.3.6.2A through 4.3.6.2D identified previously, project-related emissions would still exceed applicable SCAQMD thresholds for all criteria pollutants. Therefore, cumulative impacts associated with short-term air quality impacts would be significant and unavoidable.
4.3.7.2
CO Hot Spot Impacts
As identified in Section 4.3.5.2, no significant CO hot spot impacts would occur. It is anticipated that CO emissions in the future will decrease with advances in technology. As previously identified, background concentrations in future years are anticipated to continue to decrease as the concerted effort to improve regional air quality progresses. Therefore, CO concentrations in the future years would generally be lower than existing conditions. Based on the analysis, because no CO hot spot impacts would occur, it is reasonable to assume that a less than significant cumulative CO impact would occur.
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FIGURE 4.3.13
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World Logistics Center Project Environmental Impact Report Project Cancer Risk Near Project Area with Mitigation
SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-13_CancerRiskNearProjWmitig8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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4.3.7.3
Long-Term Regional Air Quality Impacts
As previously identified in Tables 4.3.X and 4.3.Y, the long-term operation and the combined construction and operational emissions of the project would contribute to long-term regional air pollutants despite implementation of mitigation measures. The Basin is in nonattainment for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) at the present time; therefore, the operation of the proposed project would exacerbate nonattainment of air quality standards within the Basin and contribute to adverse cumulative air quality impacts. Implementation of the proposed project would unavoidably contribute to significant long-term cumulative air quality impacts.
4.3.7.4
Health Risk Impacts
As noted from the results shown in previously referenced Table 4.3.AA and Table 4.3.AB, since the project on its own exceeds the SCAQMDs cancer risk significance threshold with mitigation, the project would also result in a cumulatively considerable impact. The cumulative cancer risk noted as the With Project Scenario (No Project + Project) is depicted in previously referenced Figure 4.3.13, which shows the maximum cumulative cancer risk is estimated to be 190 in a million and was found to occur near the intersection of Interstate 10 and State Route 60 near Banning, California. Maximum cumulative risk occurs at a different location than the projects maximum risk. At the location of the maximum cumulative risk, the project contributes a risk of approximately 6 in a million or less than 4 percent of the total. The projects maximum cancer risk occurs at the existing sensitive receptors located within the boundaries of the WLC Specific Plan near the intersection of Theodore Street and Street E and Street F. At the location of the projects maximum incremental impact, the project contributes approximately 78 percent of the total cumulative risk. SCAQMD MATES Studies. The SCAQMD conducted detailed toxic air contaminant emission inventory, air sampling, and dispersion modeling studies: Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study (MATES-II and (MATES-III). The MATES studies provide health risk estimates of various toxic air contaminants as well as their spatial magnitude and distribution across the Basin. The MATES-III program results indicate that the cancer risks in the area where the project site is located are estimated to be approximately 500 in one million of which diesel PM contributes approximately 84 percent of the total cancer risk. The remaining portion of the total cancer risk consists mainly of exposures to benzene, formaldehyde, acrolein, and 1,3-butadiene. The MATES-III study found that the population weighted cancer risk in the entire Basin was estimated to be 853 in one million. The MATES risks are estimated using assumptions that are substantially different than used in the assumptions used in the projects impact assessment. The MATES risks represent a snapshot in time based on the inventory of toxic air emissions from the year 2005, which are assumed to remain constant over the next 70 years. In reality, the toxic emissions in the South Coast Air Basin have changed dramatically since 2005 with reductions noted in virtually all toxic levels, including diesel PM emissions. The MATES risks also do not take account of the fact that a number of emission control regulations have been adopted particularly on heavy duty diesel trucks, which will substantially reduce their per mile emissions over the next 10 years. In accordance with guidance from the SCAQMD, the diesel PM emissions from the project as well as from the No Project diesel PM emission sources incorporate the mandated changes in future vehicle emissions. Using comparable emissions assumptions, the MATES risks would be substantially lower than the levels indicated in Table 4.3.AC.
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Table 4.3.AC: Comparison of Cancer Risk Values

Cancer Risk (risk per million) Receptor Location Maximum affected receptor located outside of the boundaries of the WLC Specific Plan Maximum affected sensitive receptor located within of the boundaries of the WLC Specific Plan Existing residences located across Redlands Boulevard
1
Project Increment 45
1
Cumulative 1931 121.1 45.9
MATES-III 1,0292 496 496
76.8 20.9
The locations of the respective maximum risks are not coincident. The location of the project maximum is near the intersection of Theodore Street and State Route 60. The location of the cumulative maximum is near the intersection of Interstate 10 and State Route 60 near Beaumont, California. At the location of the cumulative maximum, the projects impact is 6 in one million. 2 The MATES maximum risk was focused on the area from the SR-91/SR-60 interchange to Beaumont Source of project risk: dispersion modeling conducted by Michael Brandman Associates (see tables above). Source of cumulative risk: dispersion modeling conducted by Michael Brandman Associates (see tables above). Source of MATES-III risk: South Coast Air Quality Management District (refer to MATES Cancer Risk Exhibit 18.). Source: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Health Risk Assessment Report, MBA January 2013.
Figure 4.3.14 displays the cancer risk in the project area as estimated by the SCAQMD MATES-III study and shows the estimated cancer risk on the project site ranges from 497 near the highway to 409 farthest in the southeastern corner of the project site. Table 4.3.AC displays a summary of the cancer risk values. The project values represent the maximum cancer risk values from project-related diesel emissions. The cumulative values represent the project impact plus the impact of other diesel trucks in the area. The MATES-III values are estimated by the SCAQMD. If the cancer risk values were compared with the project-specific threshold of 10 cancers per million, the cancer risk values would exceed the threshold. In fact, virtually all areas within the SCAQMD would exceed the 10 in a million significance threshold. The 70-year lifetime cancer risks after implementation of mitigation are summarized in previously referenced Table 4.3.AB for the project-related health risk impacts. As shown, cancer risks exceed the threshold of 10 in one million. The cumulative impacts include the impacts from both the project trucks and motor vehicles and trucks and other motor vehicles from all other existing, planned, and reasonably foreseeable projects. Appling the SCAQMDs cancer risk significance threshold of 10 in a million would result in a cumulative impact that exceeds the threshold. Impacts would remain significant and unavoidable as there are no other feasible mitigations that would reduce health risks associated with implementation of the proposed project. Worker Exposure. There are a variety of State and Federal programs that protect onsite workers from safety hazards, including high air pollutant concentrations (California Division of Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012). On-site workers are not required to be addressed through this health risk assessment process. A document published by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (2009), Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects, indicates that on-site receptors are included in risk assessments if they are persons not employed by the project. Persons not employed by the project would not remain on-site for any significant period. Therefore, a health risk assessment for on-site workers is not required or recommended. With regards to offsite worker exposures, assuming the worker exposure assumptions of 40 years, 8 hours per day, and 49 weeks per year as per the OEHHA recommendations, the highest offsite worker exposure cancer risk due to the projects DPM emissions was found to be 7.0 in a million. This risk level is less than the SCAQMD cancer risk threshold of 10 in one million.
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SOURCE: County of Riverside, 2011; ESRI World Imagery, 2010; Michael Brandman Assoicates, World Logistics Center Specific Plan, 2012 I:\HFV1201\Reports\EIR\fig4-3-14_SCAQMD_CancerRisks8x11.mxd (1/30/2013)
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Non-Cancer Hazards Impacts. As previously identified, the maximum non-cancer chronic hazard index from the operation of the project is estimated to be less than 0.05 at any location outside of the boundaries of the WLC Specific Plan. This index value is less than the SCAQMDs non-cancer hazard index significance threshold of 1.0. Therefore, the project would have a less than significant non-cancer hazard impact.
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