ABSTRAK

Gambaran Epidemiologi Penderita Malaria Positif Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kenali Besar Jambi Latar Belakang. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan kota Jambi 2010 Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi menjadi puskesmas yang angka kejadian malaria tertinggi dengan malaria positif 29 orang. Aspek epidemiologi menjadi perhatian karena mempengaruhi angka kejadian malaria. Berdasarkan hal itu ingin mengetahui mengenai gambaran epidemiologi penderita di lihat dari lingkungan, host (pejamu) dan agent penyebab penyakit terbanyak (plasmodium). Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan sampel 49 penderita malaria positif. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 28 Januari- 26 Febuari 2012. Data akan di analisis secara univariat. Hasil. Karakteristik responden dari jenis kelamin laki- laki (73,5%) dan perempuan 0-14 tahun (26,5%), 15-49 tahun (59,2%) dan > 50 tahun (14,3%). Pendidikan dan pekerjaan terbanyak yaitu SMA (42,9%) dan buruh (32,7%). Lingkungan sekitar rumah dengan genangan air (73,5 %), semak- semak (63,3%), parit dengan air tergenang (53,1%) dan pohon pisang (59,2%). Lingkungan dalam rumah dengan dinding rumah dari semen (65,3%), langit-langit rumah menutupi sebagian dari ruangan (51%), ventilasi tidak memasang kawat kasa (65,3%) dan pakaian tergantung di dinding rumah (67,3%). Pengetahuan gejala klinis (59,2%) dan pencegahan (69,4%) baik. Pengetahuan penularan (49%) dan pengobatan (51%) sedang. Perilaku responden baik (49%) dan kurang (6,1%). Jenis plasmodium yang terbanyak yaitu plasmodium vivax (93,9%). Simpulan. Karakteristik dari 49 responden sebagian besar jenis kelamin laki- laki dengan usia 15-49 tahun berpendidikan SMA dan bekerja sebagai buruh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilihat dari factor lingkungan, pengetahuan dan perilaku yang persentasinya tinggi untuk mempengaruhi kejadian malaria di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kenali besar yaitu lingkungan sekitar rumah responden. Kata Kunci. Epidemiologi Malaria

ABSTRACT

Background : Malaria is infectious diseases caused by paracites called plasmodium which breeds in red blood cells. Due to the data from Dinas Kesehatan kota Jambi for years 2010, Puskesmas Kenali Besar became the place with highest amount of prevalences for 29 peoples with malaria phositive. Epidemyologi aspect need to be attentions since has very big influences about malarias prevalention in one area. Due to that facts, the author want to know more about illustration of epidemiologic for malarias patients due to the datas of environtments and host. Goals to due to that facts, the author want to know more about illustration of epidemiologic for malarias patients due to the datas of environtments and host, also the agent that caused the highest rank of infections (plasmodium). Methods : this is a describtive research which describe factors related from epidemyologi patients of malaria include in Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi works area, with 49 sample that diagnosed phositive malaria. This research held on January 28 until February 26, 2012. Collecting data by questionary interview and observation using checklist. Data being analyzed univariately to describe distribution and frequency from each variables Result : Respondences for males (73,5%) and females (26,5%). Ages from 0-14 years old is about (26,5%), ages 15-49 years old about (59,2 %) and above 50 years old for (14,3%). From educations senior high school (42,9%) works, as a workers (32,7%). The envirotment around the respondences house, with pool of water (73,5 %), exsistance of the bush (63,3%) with pool of none used water (53,1%), and high bush tree like banana trees (59,2%). Conditions indoor house, that made by cements (65,3%), the roof house only a part of house (51%),ventilations without net (65,3%) and hanging clothes in the house (67,3%). With good knowledges (59,2%), Good Knowledges about infections medium (49%). Good knowledges about preventions (69,4%), and good knowledges about threatment medium (51%). Good habitations (49%) and bad (6,1%). The highest amount of plasmodiums species is plasmodium vivax (93,9%) and plasmodium falciparum (6,1%). Conclutions : due on this research, known that the respondences are majority male on age 15-49 years old with education on senior high school, works as rude workers. On this research from environtment, knowledges and habitations is environment around the respondences found many unused pool of water, bush, trenches and banana trees. Keywords : epidemiology of malaria.