B-hn-izmkw

izmkw
ITn-\m-[zm\ww
ey-t_m[w
t_m[w
Ipn-I-fn
dh.-tUm. tXmakv Ipgn-\m-
p-pdv
(Pp-Uojy hnIm, Xncp-h-\-
-]pcw taP AXn-`-{Zm-k\w)

B-hn-izm-k-n\
\v Hcp \n-N\w tXSp-I-bm-sW-n
n ]e hymJymhymJym\fpw \apv Is-
m-m\mIpw. BtKm-f-{]-i-kvX-amb sh_vtgv
tgvkv Unv\dn
\Ip \n-N\ww C
C-s\-bm-Wv: Hcp hynv Xs Ign-hp-I-fnepw
fnepw ininbnep-ap hnizm-kw. \psS
psS Ign
Ign-hp-I-fnepw inbnepw \ap-p
p hnizmkw
\psS {]hrn-Is
-sfbpw
fbpw Xocp-am-\--sfbpw Gsd KpW-I-cambn
-ambn kzm[o
kzm[o-\n-pw.
B-hn-izmkw IqSm-sX-bp
bp {]hrn-I-fn \npw AXn\p X-Xmb
Xmb ^e
^e-tf
{]Xo-n-t--Xp-f-fq.
B-hn-izm-k-ns
ns Dd
Dd-hnSw \mw Xs-bm-Wv. \psS BBhn-izm-kns Bcw`w \n \
\np Xs-bm-Wv. kzw Ign-hp-Isf
Isf XncnXncn-dn-bp-Ibpw
]Iz-X
XtbmsS
tbmsS Ahsb D]
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bp-amWv B-hn-izmkw BnpB
Xn\v BZy-]-Sn-bmbn \mw
mw sNtsNt-Xv. C{]-Imcw kzw Ign-hp-Isf Xncn--dnv
Ah-bv-\p-kr-Xambn
a
- mbn Xocp
Xocp-am-\- ssIsm-p-hm\pw
pw {]hn{]hnp-hm\pw
XpS-p-tm-gmWv B-hnhnizmkw {Inbm--I-am-Ip--Xv. Cu kao-]\ww hnZymnhnZym
I-fn AXy-m-t]-n-XXam-Wv. ]e-tmgpw hnZymn-IfpsS
f
- psS ]T]T\-\n-e-hmcw
Xmtgp t]mIp-Xv XXfpsS Xs Ign-hp-Isf Xncn--dn-bp-Xn
X
- n Ah ]cm-Pb-s-Sp--Xp-sIm-m-W
Wvv. hnZy A
A`ykn-p--Xm-Wtm hnZym-`ym-kw.
kw. A`y-mknv
kzw Ign-hp-I-sf-p-dnv
dnv Xncn
Xncn--dn-hn-s-n Fs\ anI A`ymkw ImgvN-hbvm-\mhpw? Ign-hp-Isf Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw Ah bYm-m-\v {]tbm{]tbmP-\-s-Spp-Ibpw sNp-tm-gmWv
gmWv Hcp hnZymn-bn anI ^e- ]pd-pph-cn-Ibpw
B IpnbpsS hyn-Xz-hnhnImkw AXns ]q A-n km[nkm[np-Ibpw
sNp-I.
B-hn-i
izmkw
zmkw Fsv \mw Ip-I-gn-p. C\nn Hcp hyn
hyn-bpsS Bhn-izm-ks {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn
ambn _m[n
_m[n-p Nne LS-I-sf \apv a\
\-n-em-m
{ian-mw. `bw, hyn-XzXzssh-Iey-, at\m-`m-h--fpsS A]-cym-]v
]vXX, BiBib icn-bmw-hn[w hn\nn-abw sNp--Xn-\p Ign-hn-m-bva, hnZym-`ym`ymk-ns
A]-cym-]vX-X, A]-Ij-XmXmt_m[w XpS-n-b-h-bm-W-Xv.
`bw F {]Xn-I
Iqe
qe LSLSIs Xs BZy-sa-Sp-mw.
mw. Ghpw km[mkm[mc-Wbmbn Ip-hc
-cp
p `bw ]cm]cmP-b-`o-Xn-bm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-em-bmepw
bmepw ImbnI-cw-K-m-bmepw IpSpw-_
_m-m-co--n-em-bmepw kmaq-lnI
lnI PohnX ]m
]m--e-nem-bmepw ]cm-P-b`-`oXn
oXn PohnPohnX-hnPbn \npw \s
s AIn \npw.
hnZymn-Isf kw_-np
np ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n ]co--Ifn
f
- n tXmhn kw`
kw`-hnptam, Hm Ipdbptam,
bptam, t{KUv Ipd
Ipd-bptam Fp- ]cm-P-b-`oXn \nanw
\
]co-I-fn icn-b
bmbn
mbn ]Tn]Tnp-hm-t\m, ]Tn-h {itbmSp-IqSn {]I-Sn-nnp-hmt\m
Ign-bmsX
bmsX hcp Ah kwPm
kwPm-X-am-Ip-p. ChnsS \mw a\-kn-ememt Hcp
Imcyw, ]cm-P-b-`oXn \psS
psS a\a ns Hcp krjvSn am{X-am-Wv
Wv. ]e
]e-tmgpw

bYm
shp-hn-fn-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-m \psS a\v kzbw
krjvSn-p Hcp AS-hmWv Cu ]cm-Pb `oXn FmWv a\:imkv{XmcpsS
hne-bn-cp-. F-m Cu am\-knImh-sb AXn-Po-hn-m \apv Ignm AhnsS \psS PohnX]ptcm-K-Xnv \mw Bcw`w Ipdn-pw.- A-tm
\psS apn-ep kmy-X-I \mw IqSp-X D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m XpS-pw.
IqSp-X D-c-hm-Zn-- Gs-Sp-m XpS-pw.
Hcp hnZymnv mn ^v dmv t\Sm-\m-bn-s-nepw Ah-t-Xmb
Ign-hp-Isf Xncn--dnv Ahsb ]q-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-\mhpw. Nnetm Ah\v ]T-\-tm-sSmw Nn{X-I-e-bnepw kvt]mSvknepw anIhv ]pem
Ign-t-mw. \psS t]mcm-bva-I-sf-n `b-s-SmsX \psS sshZ-Kvy-ns
]cn-]q-X-bn \s-s AwKo-I-cn-m-\mbn {ian-p-I-bmWv th-Xv.
\psS hyn-Xz-]-ca-an-Xn-I-sf-n Bi-m-Ip-e-cm-ImsX B ]-can-Xn-Isf
AXn-Po-hn-m {ian-p-I-bmWv th-Xv. kplrp--tfmSpw _p--tfmSpw
kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw \psS A`n{]m-b-- hy-am-p--Xn\v {ian-p-Ibpw
sNpI hgn Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Isf Hcp ]cn[n hsc AXn-Po-hn-m-\m-hpw.
Hcp kmaq-lnI ]cn-X-n-Xn-bn A]-Ij-Xm-t_m-[s AXn-Po-hn-m\p Ghpw \-amw \ Hcp t{imXm-hm-bn-cn-pI Fp--Xm-Wv. \psS
_p-an-{Xm-Zn-I-fn\npw kplr-p--fn\npw D]-tZiw tXSp--Xn ent--Xn-. \nv Hcp A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-n-m-\p-s-n AXv ss[cy-ambn
{]I-Sn-n-pI Xs-th-Ww. ]s ChnsS Nne Imcy- {in-t--Xp-v.- \n-fpsS A`n-{]mbw Ah-k-c-n-s\m-Xpw {]k--hp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Hcp hyntbm- Hcp Iqw hyn-Itfm N sNp hnj-b-s-p-dnv \nv ]qamb Adn-hp-m-I-W-sa-n. ]t B hnj-b-s-p-dnv {]k--amb Hcp A`n{]mbw \nv {]I-Sn-n-m-\p-s-n AXv hy-am-pI Xs thWw. AXn-eqsS B N-bn \nv ]p-tN-cm-\m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw Hcp Xmev]cyw {]ISn-npI hgn \n-fpsS kmaq-lnI Dt-c IqSp-X Ffp--am-Ip-p. CXn\v
B\p-Im-enI kw`-h--sf-p-dnv hmm-am-[y-a--fn-eqsS e`n-p Adnhv Gsd
D]-I-cn-pw.

Cu {]Xn-Iqe LS-I-sf AXn-Po-hnv B-hn-izm-k-n hf-cp-X

- n\v
hnZymn-Isf klm-bn-p-hm amXm-]n-Xm-v Gsd km[n-pw. AXn\v Nne
Imcy- amXm-]n-Xm- {in-p-Xv \m-bn-cn-pw.
1.

Ipn-Iv X\nsb sNm-hp Nne Imcy- amXm-]n-Xm-tfm ap

apXn-htcm Ahp-thn sNm-Xn-cn-p-I. Ah Ipn-I-sf-sm-p-Xs
sNn-p-I.

2.

Ipn-Iv sXc-s-Sp-m-\p Ah-kcw \p-I. CXn-eqsS Xocp-am\saSpp--Xn-\p Hcp henb ]cn-io-e\w Ipn-Iv e`n-p-p.

3.

Ipn-I-sf-p-dnv A`n-am-\-ap--h-cm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw B A`n-am\w {]I-Sn-n-pIbpw sNp-I. Cu A`n-am\w IpSq-X Db-c-n-tev hf-cm Ahsc t{]cnn-pw. \n-fpsS Ipn-Isf ap Ipn-I-fp-amtbm \n-fpsS a\-n-ep
]p{X-kz-]v\--fp-amtbm Xmc-Xayw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I.

4.

Ipn-Isf ]pI-gvp--Xn thK-X-bp--hcpw hnain-p--Xn thKX Ipd-h-cp-am-bn-cn-p-I. \n-fpsS Ipn-I-fpsS Ign-hp-I Xncn--dn-bp-X
- n
]nipv Imm-Xn-cn-p-I. AtXm-sSmw Ahsc hnain-p--Xn a ImWnp-Ibpw thWw. hnai-\- Ipn-Isf hfp-h am{X-am-bn-cn-s
- .
hfsc Kuc-h-X-c--fmb Ah-k-c--fn am{Xw hnai-\- D-bn-p-I.
AXv Ahsc B{I-an-pI F-Xn-ep-]cn Xncp-pI F ey-tm-sS-bp-Xm-bn-cn--s.

5.

kw`-hn-p-t]m-Ip sXp-Iv am-t]-n-p-hm\pw Ah Xncpn aptm-pt]m-Im\pw Ipn-Isf ]cn-io-en-n-p-I.

B-hn-izmkw Bn-p--Xn hnZymn-I kzbw kzoI-cn-t Nne

\ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-p-dnv C\n-Nn-n-mw.
Hmw-Lw
ChnsS Hcp hnZymnv Xs Pohn-X-n CXn-t\m-SIw ssIh-cn t\sf hne-bn-cp-mw. Xs hyn-Xz-ns sa-s LS-I- AYhm int{km-X-p-I Is-mw. X\nv sNm-\p D-c-hm-Zn---fn Ghpw
{]m[m-\y-aln-p {Ia-n Hcp-]-nI Xm-dm-w.
Fn-t-tc ey-m-\- hy-ambn \n-bn-mw. \n-fpsS a\ns ISn-m \n-fpsS ssII-fns `{Z-amn hbvmw. \n \nsf-p-dnv Xs Xmgvn kwkm-cn-m-Xn-cn-m {]tXyIw {in-mw. \n-fpsS
Pohn-X-hn-P-b-tmSv \np-Xs {]Xn-_-X Ftm-gp-ap-sv Dd-p-hc
- pmw.
cmw Lw
\n-bn-p-d-n ey-m-\--sf-p-dnv Hp IqSn hni-I-e\w sNmw.
Cu ey-m-\--fn Fn-t-cp--Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-m\hpw sshZKvyhpw Bn-mw. `mhm--I-ambn AYhm t]mkn-o-hmbn Nnn-mw. hnP-b-sf-p-dnv Hmv ktm-jnmw. ]cm-P-b--fn \nv ]Tn-m {ian-mw.
]pXp-Xmbn Imcy- sNp-tm ]cm-P-b- kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Fm ]cm-P3

b-sf hnP-b-ns ]mX-bnse ]T-t\m-]m-[n-I-fmn amp--Xn-emWv hnZymnI-fpsS anIhv {]I-S-am-t--Xv.

aqmw Lw
ta ]d cp L- ]qn-bm-p-tm hnZymn-Iv AhIm-i-s-Sm hnP-b--fpsS Hcp ]nI Xs-bp-m-hpw. Ah-sb-p-dnv \nv
ktm-jn-p-hm\pw BtLm-jn-p-hm\pw Ign-bs. ChnsS {in-t Hcp
Imcyw \n-fpsS hnP-b- BtLm-jn-p-tm Ah icn-bmb ASn-m-\-nep--h-bm-sWv Dd-p-h-cp--Ww. Aan-X-amb B-hn-izmkw Hgn-hm--Ww.
AtXm-sSmw ey- Ipd-p-IqSn hn]p-e-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Pohn-X-tm-Sp
{]Xn-_--X-bpsS Afhv Iqp-I-bp-am-hmw. \n-fpsS sXfn-bn--s Ign-hp-I
]pXnb taJ-e-bn-tev Xncn-p-hn-Sm\pw CXn-\mbn ]pXnb {]h-\-]-m-hp-I
Is-m {in-p-Ibpw thWw.
C\n B-hn-izmkw hn-n-p--Xn {in-t Nne _mly-amb Imcy-sf-p-dnv Nnn-mw:
1.

\psS hkv{X-[m-c-W-n \mw Gsd {in-t--Xp-v. hrnbpw shSn-pap hkv{X- Hcp-hy-n-bpsS hynXzw {]Im-in-n-p--h-bm-Wv. AXv
Abm-fpsS B-hn-izm-ks shfn-s-Sp-p Hcp LSIw Xs-bm-Wv.

2.

\S-p-tm Aw thK-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s \S-mw. Cg-p-\o-p-Xpw

{]hrn-I-fnse thK-X-Ip-dhpw Hgn-hm-mw.

3.

\psS \S-nepw Ccn-n-ep-sams \ t]mkvN-dp-I kzoI-cn-m {inmw.

4.

{]tNm-Z-\m--I-amb {]`m-j-W- {ihn-p--Xn\pw A-c-n-ep {K hmbn-p--Xn\pw e`n-p Ah-k- ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mw.

5.

\apv Ftmgpw ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Bh-iy-fpw am{Xta Dp-sh-n Ah

\psS B-hn-izm-ks {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-pw. \apv ap--hc
- psS
Bh-iy--sfbpw Ah-Im-i--sfbpw Ipdnv t_m[-hm-m-cmbncnmw. AtXmsSmw \mw kzoI-cn-p hkvXp-pw tkh-\-pw IrX--X-bp-h-cm-bn-cn-m\pw {in--Ww.

6.

ap--hsc {]iw-kn-p--Xn ]nipv Imm-Xn-cn-m {in-mw. ap-hsc hfpXneqsS \psS hyn-Xzhpw hf-cp-I-bm-sW hkvXpX
\apv ad-m-Xn-cn-mw.

7.

thZn-bntem kZ-ntem D]-hn-jvS-cm-Ip-tm ap\nc sXc-s-Sp-p-X

- n
sshapJyw Imm-Xn-cn-mw.

8.

N-I-fn {]k--amb A`n-{]m-b--tfmsS kPo-h-ambn ]p-tN-cmw.

9.

\psS hy-]-c-amb ipNnXzw \psS B-hn-imkw hn-n-p-X

- n
KWy-amb ]p-h-ln-p-p Fv \apv ad-m-Xn-cn-mw.

10. \s-p-dnv Xs Nnn-p-Xv Ipd-n-v, \mw ap--hpw temI-n\pw

sNt kw`m-h-\-I-sf-p-dnv kz]v\w ImWp--h-cm-Imw.
Npcp-n--d-m Hcp hynv Xs-p-dnpw Xs Ign-hp-I-sf-p-dnpw
D icn-bmbXpw ]Iz-hp-amb Ah-t_m-[-amWv B-hn-izm-kw. Cu Ign-hp-Isf
icn-bmbn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv AXn-eqsS X\nv Fn-t-cm-hp taJ-e-I-sf-pdnpw temI-n\p \Im-hp kw`m-h-\-I-sf-p-dnpw kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw
AXv km[npw Fv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp hnZymn-I-fm-bn-cnpw Pohn-Xn D-X-amb \ne-I-fn Fn-t-cp-I. \psS ap cmjv{S-]Xn tUm. F.]n.sP A_vZp Iemw Cu hnim-e-amb kz]v\--fn-te-mWv \psS hnZymnIsf Blzm\w sNp--Xv. At-l-ns PohnXw Xs Cu cwKv Ghpw
A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb amXr-I-bm-Wv.
AtXm-sSmw amXm-]n-Xm-pw Aym-]-Ipw hnZymn-I-fn Bhn-izmkw Pzen-n-p--Xn \nm-b-I-amb ]p-h-ln-m Ign-bpw. hnZymnI-fp-sS Ign-hp-Isf Xncn--dn-bp--Xnepw t_m[y-s-SppXn\pw Ccp-Iq-pap ]v hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. As\ ITn-\m-[zm-\-n-eq-sS, XnI ey-t_m-[tm-sSbpw B-hn-izm-k-tm-sSbpw hfp-h-cp Hcp Xe-apd \ap-n-Sb
- n-epm-I-s-sbv \apv {]Xym-in-mw.
(Km-n-`-h kvt\-l-cm-Pyw, HIvtSm-_ 2012, t]Pv : 22-24)