WCDMA Idle Mode

WCDMA Idle Mode
Prepared by: Mowafak ALKawass 18 August 2010

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Idle Mode tasks
PLMN selection and reselection
Cell selection and reselection

LA and RA registration Paging procedure Reading system information Cell update URA update
Page1
Idle mode Channel
Idle mode behavior is managed by the system information
that is sent on the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) in

each cell.
Note that the processes for cell reselection, LA & RA registration, paging and reading of system information are also applicable for UEs in Cell_FACH state.
Page2
The relationship between some of the idle mode tasks
Page3
PLMN Selection
Automatic mode
Manual mode
Page4
Automatic mode
Stored information cell selection
Page5
Automatic mode (Stored information cell selection)

1.
When the UE is switched on it checks if it is possible to camp on the last registered PLMN. To speed up the PLMN selection procedure the UE uses information about the last registered PLMN such as carrier frequency
2. 3.
The UE searches for the strongest signal cell The UE reads the system information for the PLMN identity (mnc and mcc) on the strongest signal cell. If the UE finds a suitable cell it tries to register
4.
If the registration is not successful, the UE scans all the carrier frequencies that are stored on the USIM (repeat step 2-3)
Page6
Automatic mode
If the UE does not find a suitable cell on the last registered PLMN it: Initial cell selection
Page7
Automatic mode (Initial cell selection)
If the UE does not find a suitable cell on the last registered
PLMN it:
5.
Searches for the strongest signal cell in order to find an available PLMN on a WCDMA carrier frequency.
6. 7.
Scans all RF in WCDMA (repeat step 1). The available PLMNs in are put in a list in priority order. The
UE selects the highest ranked PLMN and tries to register
Page8
Automatic mode (Initial cell selection)
The priority order is:

I.
Home PLMN, if not previously selected, according to the Radio Access Technologies (RATs) supported by the UE
II.
Each PLMN in the user-controlled PLMN list in the USIM, if present, in order of priority, according to the RATs supported by the UE
III.
Each PLMN in the operator-controlled PLMN list in the USIM, in order of priority, according to the RATs supported by the UE
IV.
Other PLMNs, according to the high-quality criterion, in random order. A
PLMN is considered as a high-quality if the Received Signal Code Power

(RSCP) on the CPICH is -95 dBm. For GSM cells the high-quality criterion is fulfilled when the signal level is above 85dBm
V.
Other PLMNs that do not fulfill the high-quality criterion, in order of decreasing signal strength
Page9
Manual Mode
Page10
Permanent PLMN Restriction
If a PLMN not allowed message is received by the UE with an indication of permanent PLMN restriction in response to a registration request from a VPLMN, that PLMN is added to the list of forbidden PLMNs
The UE does not attempt to register again on that PLMN in Automatic mode
This list is retained when the UE is switched off or the USIM is removed A PLMN may be removed from the forbidden PLMN list if, after a manual selection, there is a successful registration. The HPLMN is not stored on the forbidden PLMN list
Page11
Cell Search Criteria
Page12
Cell Selection Procedure
Page13
Cell Selection Procedure
Page14
Cell Reselection Procedure
Page15
When the UE triggers a cell reselection evaluation process,
it performs ranking of cells that fulfill the cell selection

criteria and also the so called R criteria:
Page16
Page17
Page18
The default setting of sRatSearch is 4 dB, which means that the measurements on GSM cells begin when:
Qqualmes = qQualMin + sRatSearch = -18 + 4 = -14dB
Page19
Cell Reselection WCDMA to GSM
Page20
Location Registration
The LA is an area in which the CN sends a paging message
for circuit switched service and the RA is an area in which

the CN sends a paging message for packet switched services.
Page21
Normal Registration
Page22
Normal Registration
The UE reads LAI and RAI in system information and detects that one or both of the received area identities differ from the ones stored on the USIM
If the LAI received from the system information is not in the forbidden LAIs list, a LA or RA update request is sent by the UE to the CN
If the LAI is forbidden, the UE tries to select another cell belonging to a permitted LAI or another PLMN
The number of LA update requests is controlled by an attempt counter, in order to limit the number of location update attempts made by UE, when location updating is unsuccessful (CN parameter)
After successful location update, the UE stores the LAI in the USIM and resets the attempt counter
Page23
Periodic Registration
Periodic registration (LA and RA updating) is used to locate
the UE to avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that

has lost coverage and is not able to inform the CN that it is inactive

Periodic registration is controled with timers T3212 & T3312 When the UE is in connected mode and t3212 expires no
periodic update is performed
T3312 is not radio parameter
Page24
Periodic Registration
Page25
IMSI Attach and Detach
A location registration request indicating IMSI attach is made when the UE is activated in the same LA in which it was deactivated, and the system information indicates that IMSI attach/detach is used
The IMSI attach/detach procedure allows the UE to avoid unnecessary paging attempts from the CN
The CN avoids performing a paging attempt when IMSI detach is applied and the
UE is switched off
When the UE is switched on and the IMSI attach/detach procedure is applied, the UE performs a location registration request, indicating IMSI attach, if it is in the same LA or RA in which it was switched off
If the registration area is changed, a normal LA update is performed by the UE
Page26
Paging
The purpose of paging is to enable the CN to page a UE for
a service request or for the WCDMA RAN to inform all UEs

that the system information has been modified
A UE may be paged when it is in Idle mode, in CELL_FACH state, URA_PCH and in CELL_DCH state
For UEs in Idle mode the paging (type 1) message is
broadcast in a LA, a RA or a global RNC area. For UEs in

CELL_FACH state and CELL_DCH state, the paging (type2) message is sent on the dedicated control channel
Page27
Paging in Idle Mode or URA_PCH
When the UE is in idle mode or URA_PCH, two different
physical channels are used in order to deliver proper

information from the WCDMA RAN to the UE: the PICH and the S-CCPCH (carries the PCH)
The PICH is used to indicate to the UE when it should read the S-CCPCH and the PCH is used to carry the RRC
message paging type 1, which contains the actual paging

information
Page28
There is a fixed timing relation between a PICH frame and
its associated S-CCPCH frame
The value of (PICH) is 2 ms which equals 3 slots
Page29
Each PICH frame consists of a number of Page Indicators
(PI).
The UEs are divided in a number of paging groups, where each paging group is associated with a specific PI.
The number of PIs in a PICH frame is given by the parameter PichMode in the system information
Page30
The UE monitors one PI in one Paging Occasion per DRX
cycle
The paging occasion specifies the SFN of the PICH frame where a specific UE monitors its paging indicator
Different DRX cycles are used for circuit switched and packet switched services in Idle mode
cnDrxCycleLengthCS (PS)
Page31
Paging in Cell_FACH or Cell_DCH
When an established connection exists between the
WCDMA RAN and the UE, the RRC message Paging type
2 is used to carry paging information
Since it is sent on a dedicated control channel, this message is intended only for one particular UE
Page32
System Information
The purpose of the system information distribution is to broadcast system information to the UEs in the cells of the WCDMA RAN, so that the UEs can read and use this information for proper access to the system
The information sent by system information concerns the parameters involved in Cell Selection and Reselection, Measurement Management, Location and Routing Registration, Handover, Power Control, and so on
When a parameter in the system information is changed, all UE in a cell are notified by a paging message or by system information change indication message.
The system information is read not only by UEs in idle mode, but also UEs in CELL_FACH and URA_PCH state
Page33
System Information Structure
The System Information elements are broadcast in System
Information Blocks (SIBs)
SIB groups together System Information elements related to the same kind of activity controls
The SIBs are organized as a tree A MIB gives reference to a number of SIBs, and its
functions include scheduling information for those SIBs
Page34
Page35
The MIB is transmitted according to standardized
scheduling parameters, so a UE is always able to find the

MIB on the BCCH, and to get the scheduling information for the other SIBs
The SIBs contain all information necessary for UEs to work properly in both Idle and Connected mode
Each SIB contains different kinds of information
Page36
Page37
Cell Update
In state CELL_FACH, the procedure Cell Update is used to
keep WCDMA RAN informed about the UEs location on a

cell level
Cell update happens when:
A UE in state CELL_FACH enters a new cell As part of a supervision mechanism, Cell Update is performed
periodically by UEs in state CELL_FACH. The periodicity is

controlled by the timer t305
Page38
Cell Update
It also happens when:
A UE in state URA_PCH has uplink data to transmit

A UE in state URA_PCH state is paged by the network A UE in state CELL_FACH detects RLC unrecoverable error in an AM RLC entity
Page39
URA Update
A URA is an area consisting of one or a number of cells
The URA_PCH state is applicable for the packet

interactive/background RAB
For a UE in URA_PCH state the service re-activation time is shorter compared to setting up the connection from idle mode
UE requires less signaling and power consumption when in

URA_PCH state compared to when on the common CELL_FACH channel
Page40
URA Update
In state URA_PCH, the procedure URA Update is used to
keep WCDMA RAN informed about the UEs location on a

URA level
URA update happens when:
A UE in state URA_PCH enters a new cell not belonging to the same URA that the UE is registered in
The UE enters a cell that has no URAs defined. This will trigger a release of the RRC Connection and the UE enters Idle mode
As part of a supervision mechanism, URA Update is performed periodically. The periodicity is controlled by the timer t305
Page41
URA Update
In the response to the URA Update, WCDMA RAN selects
which URA the UE shall be registered to
System Information Block Type 2 contains the URA identities of the URAs configured in the cell
Note that the same cell can belong to maximum 4 different URAs
Page42
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WCDMA Idle Mode

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WCDMA Idle Mode

Prepared by: Mowafak ALKawass 18 August 2010

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Idle Mode tasks

PLMN selection and reselection

Cell selection and reselection

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Idle mode Channel

Idle mode behavior is managed by the system information

that is sent on the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) in

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The relationship between some of the idle mode tasks

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stored information cell selection

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic mode (Stored information cell selection)

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic mode (Initial cell selection)

If the UE does not find a suitable cell on the last registered

UE selects the highest ranked PLMN and tries to register

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic mode (Initial cell selection)

The priority order is:

Other PLMNs, according to the high-quality criterion, in random order. A

PLMN is considered as a high-quality if the Received Signal Code Power

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Permanent PLMN Restriction

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Search Criteria

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Selection Procedure

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Selection Procedure

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection Procedure

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection Procedure

When the UE triggers a cell reselection evaluation process,

it performs ranking of cells that fulfill the cell selection

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection Procedure

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection Procedure

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection Procedure

Qqualmes = qQualMin + sRatSearch = -18 + 4 = -14dB

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection WCDMA to GSM

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The LA is an area in which the CN sends a paging message

for circuit switched service and the RA is an area in which

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Periodic registration (LA and RA updating) is used to locate

the UE to avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that

periodic update is performed

T3312 is not radio parameter

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

IMSI Attach and Detach