Republic Of Yemen Sana'a University Faculty Of Engineering Mechanical Department 4TH Level

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Contains
Object Of Experiment . Equipment Set-Up :
(Experimental apparatus) .

Introduction In Heat Convection . Theory Of Experiment . Reading To Be Taken . Results and Graving . Discussion Of Results . Comments . Reference .

 Object Of Experiment :
To demonstrate the relationship between power input and surface temperature in fins at free convection .

Equipment Set-Up :
Experimental apparatus : A schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus is shown in Fig, The test rig consists of an open wind tunnel , Fan , Heater Power control , Temperatures , Wattmeter , Heater , Heated Finned test box , Temperature probe ( ) , Temperature probe ( )
simple drawing

Introduction In Heat Convection :

Convection is called forced convection if the fluid is forced to flow over the surface by external means such as a fan, pump, or the wind. In contrast, convection is called natural (or free) convection if the fluid motion is caused by buoyancy forces that are induced by density differences due to the variation of temperature in the fluid.

The rate of convection heat transfer is observed to be proportional to the temperature difference, and is conveniently expressed by Newtons law of cooling as

where h is the convection heat transfer coefficient in W/m2 C, As is the surface area through which convection heat transfer takes place, Ts is the surface temperature, and T is the temperature of the fluid sufficiently far from the surface.
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Natural Convection:

Free or natural convection occurs when fluid motion is generated predominantly by body forces caused by density variations, under the earth's gravitational field. In the absence of the gravitational field , body forces be caused by surface tension . The subject material here is Focused on heat transfer with motion produced by buoyancy forces.

Boundary Layer Concept for Free Convection:

Boundary layer concept for free convection.

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 Theory Of Experiment
A heated surface dissipates heat primarily through a process called convection . Heat is also dissipated by conduction and radiation , however these effects are not considered in this experiment . Air in contact with the hot surface is heated by the surface and rises due to a reduction in density . The heated air is replaced by cooler air which is in turn heated by the surface and rises . This process is called free convection . The hotter the temperature of the surface , the greater the convection currents and the more heat (power) will be dissipated . If more power is supplied to a surface , the temperature of the surface must rise to dissipate this power .

Reading To Be Taken :
1. Remove the fan assembly from the top of the duct. 2. Place the tinned heat exchanger into the test duct. 3. Record the ambient air temperature ( ). 4. Set the heater power control to 20 Watts (clockwise). 5. Allow sufficient time to achieve steady state conditions before noting the heated fins temperature ( ) into the table below. 6. Repeat this procedure at 40, 60 and 80 Watts. 7. Plot a graph of power against temperature ( - ).
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 Results and Graving :

Ambient a temperature ( ) = 24

Input power (W)

20 40 60

Heater Temp( 45.7 62.7 78.6

45.7-24=21.7 62.7-24=38.7 78.6-24=54.6

70 60

Power
50

watts
40 30 20 10 0 21.1 38.7 54.6


Ambient a temperature ( ) = 32

Input power (W)

20 40 60 ..66

Heater Temp( 4444 7446 6642 2443

44.1-23=21.1 61.7-23=38.7 77.3-23=54.3 84.2-23=61.2

70 60 50

Power watts

40 30 20 10 0 21.1 38.7 54.3 61.2

-
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 Discussion Of Results :
From graving this result and graving in handbook we find different between my result and ideal result . This different caused because some errors during doing the experiment from such as : 1) The apparatus was not good . 2) we haven't Voltage Regulation . 3) we haven't apparatuses calibration all 2---3 months in the Mechanical Laboratories . 4) we haven't apparatuses maintenance . 5) An error of taking the exact reading. 6) Special errors . 7) The atmospheric pressure and surrounding conditions affect the readings. 8) We didn't have enough time to do well in the lab.

Comments :
The results of this experiment were good and this experiment provide the relationship between power input and temperature in free convection fins.

Reference :
Mechanical Laboratories Handbook . Web site . Heat Transfer books.
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