Name : Roll No: Program Code: Center Code: Subject : Semester:

Surti Niravkumar Prahaladbhai 1205022165 BCA 3439 BC0033- Basic Mathematics 1

May- 2012 Bachelor of Computer Science (BCA) Semester- I BC0033- Basic Mathematics 4 Credits
(Book ID: B0675 )

Assignment Set 1 (60 Marks)

1.Prove that the intersection of any two subgroups of a group is a group.

Ans.
Let A, B are two subgroup of group G, prove that AB is subgroup of G. Proof: use following theorem: H is a subgroup of the group G if and only if it is nonempty and closed under products and inverses. (These two conditions can be combined into one equivalent condition: whenever a and b are in H, then ab1 is also in H.) Suppose for any element x(AB) and y(AB) => xA and xB and xA and yB Since A is subgroup of G and xA, yA =>xy-1A Since B is subgroup of G and xB, yB =>xy-1B So xy-1(AB) By above theorem => AB is subgroup of G

2. Prove that the sum of the degrees of the points of a graph G is twice the number of lines. Ans.
This was proven by Euler (1736) in his famous solution to the Seven Bridges of Knigsberg problem. This same work is also considered to be the origin of graph theory. I will give an overview of Euler's proof: We want to show that for a graph G = (V,E)

We use the technique of double-counting. We will count the number of pairs (v, e), where e is an edge, and v is one of its endpoints. Each vertex v has is in deg(v) pairs, since this is the number of edges leaving v. Therefore the total number of such pairs (v, e) is

Next, we notice that each edge e is in two pairs, since each edge has two endpoints. Therefore the total number of such pairs (v. e) is

Since both these quantities count the same thing, it follows that

3. Find the mean, median and mode for the following: Mid value :15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Frequency: 2 22 19 14 3 4 6 1 1 Ans. Let's put this in a different format to make the data easier to read: Mid Value (Frequency) 15 (2) 20 (22) 25 (19) 30 (14) 35 (3) 40 (4) 45 (6) 50 (1) 55 (1) Now that we have these numbers parsed out, let's start with our set of averages (mean, median, and mode) For information on each of these, see the links below. Find the mode: To find the mode, we simply select the mid value with the highest frequency: Mode = 20 Bam! We're done with that. Moving on. Find the mean: This is a little more difficult, but it's not bad. We first need to determine how many total samples (n) we have. To do this, we simple add the frequencies: So, we have 72 total samples.

Now, we need to calculate the sum of each midvalue from our data. Recall, the frequency is the number of times we hit a particular midvalue, so to find the sum of all midvalues, we'll simply multiply each midvalue by its frequency and take the sum (T): Now, to get the mean, we just divide T by n: Mean Our mean is 27.8 Finding the median: To find the median, we must find the middle value by counting the samples from the lowest midvalue up until we reach halfway through the sample. In our case, because we have an even number of samples, we must take the mean of the midvalue at sample numbers 36 and 37. To find what midvalues are at samples 36 and 37, we look at the frequencies. We know the first 2 samples are at midvalue 15. The next 22 (sample numbers 3-24) are at midvalue 20. The next 19 samples (sample numbers 25-43) are at midvalue 25. If you'll notice, that last set of 19 samples contains the two samples we were looking for to determine the median (#36 and #37). Both samples, based on our analysis have a midvalue of 25. Their mean (and therefore, the median of our whole data set) is then 25. So, we have our median: 25.

4. Prove that nC r + nCr-1 = n+1Cr Ans. nCr + nCr-1 = n!/[r!(n-r)!] + n!/[(r-1)!(n-r+1)!] = n!/[(r-1)!(n-r)!]*{1/r + 1/n-r+1} = n!/[(r-1)!(n-r)!]*{[(n-r+1) + r]/[r*(n-r+1)]} = n!/[(r-1)!(n-r)!]*{(n+1)/r*(n-r+1)]} = (n+1)!/[r!(n+1-r)!] = n+1Cr 5. If birth to a male child and birth to a female child are equiprobable, what is the probability that at least one of the three children born to a couple is male? Ans. In general, we assume that each gender has a 50% chance, or a probability of .5. The easiest way to answer this is the ask, "What is the opposite?" The opposite of at least one boy is zero boys, or three girls.

So you would take the total probability (1) and subtract the probability of all girls. Your problem will look like this: 1 - (.5 X .5 X .5) .875 or 87.5% the ans.

6.

tan(180 + A )sec(180 + A ) cosec ( 90 + A )

Simplify:--------------------------------------sec ( A ) cot ( 90 + A )

Ans.

May- 2012 Bachelor of Computer Science (BCA) Semester- I BC0033- Basic Mathematics 4 Credits
(Book ID: B0675 )

Assignment Set II (60 Marks) 1Show that

lim ax 1 x 0 =log a

 Ans.

2. Find the angle of intersection of the cardiodes r = a(1+cos ), r = b(1 cos ). Ans.

= (4C - 1) ------2

-1 a-b - sin a+ b

-1

a-b or sin a+ b

(4C - 1) + --------

Let C=an integer and the angle theta depends on the values of a and b.
4.show that tanh 2x=cos[ilog(a+ib/a-ib)]

Ans. since there is no other equation to relates x and only thing you can do is to consider or such that: , hence, the

Substituting such that:

for

=>

But

Hence, the only relation you can get, under the given conditions, is