1. Market - Meaning in Economics: 1. Market - Meaning in Economics Market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold and where buyers and sellers are meeting. In fact, anything which has a price has a market. In economics to be called as a market, the idea of locality or place is not necessary. There need be no physical entity corresponding to a market. It may for example, consist of network of telecommunications across the world, say shares are traded".
Classification of Markets:
Classification of Markets can be classified on the basis of (1) area covered, (2) time and (3) degree of competition. According to the area, markets can be of three types (a) local (b) national (c) International.
Local Market::
Local Market: When demand and supply of a commodity is restricted to a particular locality, it is called a local market. For example, vegetables, milk, flowers, fish etc. For such perishable goods, buyers and sellers are located only in particular locality where these goods are usually available.
National Market:
National Market: When demand and supply of a commodity are spread over the entire nation, we have a national market. For example, wheat, sugar, medicines etc. Goods available in the local markets may also have national market.
International Market:
International Market When a commodity enjoys demand and supply from the entire world, it is said to have International market or world market. Gold silver, electronic goods are the examples for goods having international market.
Based on competition:
Based on competition: Based on competition, markets can be classified as perfect and imperfect markets: 1.Perfect Competition Market: There is a perfect competition among the
buyers and sellers. Prevalence of the same price for the same commodity at the same time is the essential feature of this market. Buyers and sellers accept the price determined in the market.
Monopoly:
Monopoly It is a market in which a single firm or seller controls the entire supply of the commodity which has no close substitutes. The price or output in a monopoly market is not influenced by other goods.
Duopoly:
Duopoly It is a market where there are only two sellers. A change in the price and output by one seller affects the other. When a duopolist takes a decision, he takes into account the reaction of his rival.
Oligopoly:
Oligopoly There is few sellers in this market dealing in differentiated products. As the number is small, each firm can influence the price and output decisions of its rival firms. Interdependence is one of the importance features of the market. Homogeneity of goods may or may not exist
Monopolistic Competition:
Monopolistic Competition In this market, many firms produce differentiated products. The commodities produced are close substitutes of one another. Thus in monopolistic competition the goods are produced with slight differences. The commodities produced are close substitutes of one another.