August/Fall 2012 Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester IV MB0053 International Business Management - 4 Credits (Book ID: B1315)

Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q.1 Write a short note on Globalization (10 Marks) Answer : The term "globalization" has acquired considerable emotive force. Some view it as process that is beneficial a key to future world economic development and also inevitable and irreversible. Others regard it with hostility, even fear, believing that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and thwarts social progress. This brief offers an overview of some aspects of globalization and aims to identify ways in which countries can tap the gains of this process, while remaining realistic about its potential and its risks. Globalization offers extensive opportunities for truly worldwide development but it is not progressing evenly. Some countries are becoming integrated into the global economy more quickly than others. Countries that have been able to integrate are seeing faster growth and reduced poverty.

Economic "globalization"
is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers tithe movement of people (labour) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here. At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization. The term has come into common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier and quicker to complete international transactions both trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity village markets, urban industries, or financial centers.Globalization is not just a recent phenomenon. Some analysts have argued that the world economy was just as globalized 100 years ago as it is today. But today commerce and financial services are far more developed and deeply integrated than they were at that time. The most striking aspect of this has been the integration of financial markets made possible by modern electronic communication. There are four aspects of globalization: 1.Trade: Developing countries as a whole have increased their share of world trade from 19 percent in 1971 to 29 percent in 1999. For instance, the newly industrialized economies (NIEs) of Asia have done well, while Africa as a whole has fared poorly. The composition of what countries export is also important. The strongest rise by far has been in the export of manufactured goods. The share of

primary commodities in world exports such as food and raw materials that are often produced by the poorest countries, has declined.

2.Capital movements: Globalization sharply increased private capital flows to developing countries during much of the 1990s. It also shows that: the increase followed a particularly "dry" period in the 1980s; net official flows of "aid" or development assistance have fallen significantly since the early 1980s; and the composition of private flows has changed dramatically. Direct foreign investment has become the most important category. Both portfolio investment and bank credit rose but they have been more volatile, falling sharply in the wake of the financial crises of the late 1990s.

3.Movement of people: Workers move from one country to another partly to find better employment opportunities. The numbers involved are still quite small, but in the period 1965-90, the proportion of labour forces round the world that was foreign-born increased by about one-half. Most migration occurs between developing countries. But the flow of migrants to advanced economies is likely to provide means through which global wages converge. There is also the potential for skills tube transferred back to the developing countries and for wages in those countries Tories.

4.Spread of knowledge (and technology): Information exchange is an integral, often overlooked, aspect of globalization. For instance, direct foreign investment brings not only an expansion of the physical capital stock, but also technical innovation. More generally, knowledge about production methods, management techniques, export markets and economic policies is available at very low cost, and it represents highly valuable resource for the developing countries.

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Q.2 Describe the positives of trade liberalization. (10 Marks)

Q.3 Write a short note on GATT and WTO, highlighting the difference between the two. (10 Marks) Q.4 Think of any MNC and analyze its business strategy orientation. (10 Marks) Q.5 What does FDI stand for? Why do MNCs opt for FDI to enter international market? (10 Marks)

Q.6 Viewing culture as a multi-level construct, describe various levels it consists of. (10 Marks)

August/Fall 2012 Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester IV MB0053 International Business Management - 4 Credits (Book ID: B1315)

Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q.1 Write a short note on Bill of Lading. (10 Marks) Answer : A Bill of Lading or BOL or B/L is a legal document used by the shipper of a particular good and a carrier (i.e. the transport provider). This document is issued by the carrier and completed by the shipper. It details the type, quantity and destination of the goods being carried. The bill of lading also serves as a receipt of shipment when the good is delivered to the predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped goods, no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative from the carrier, shipper and receiver.

For example, ABC Inc. must transport notepads from its plant in New York to a retailer in Chicago via heavy truck. A plant representative and the driver would sign the Bill of Lading after the notebooks are loaded onto the truck. Once the notebooks are delivered to the retailer, the truck driver must have the retailer's representative sign the document as well.

The bill of lading is one of the most important documents in the transportation business, and it is enforceable in a court of law. When shipping, it is in everyone's best interest to have a bill of lading, to read it carefully, and keep it in a safe place. The bill of lading will also be the reference in the event of loss, damage or overcharge claims.

A bill of lading will contain the following information as a minimum requirement (see the Businessin-a-Box sample on the left to see the real template):

- Shipper's name and address

- Receiver's name and address

- Carrier Name - Description of the items that are being transported

- Gross weight and dimensions of the shipment

- Classification of the commodity being shipped

- Nomination and identification of the party who is paying for the transportation.

This document is also often used for the carrier to accurately bill the shipment; therefore it is quite important that the freight is well described in order to prevent undercharging or overcharging.

There are two basic types of bills of lading. A straight bill of lading is one in which the goods are consigned to a designated party. An order bill is one in which the goods are consigned to the order of a named party. This distinction is important in determining whether a bill of lading is negotiable (capable of transferring title to the goods covered under it by its delivery or endorsement). If its terms provide that the freight is to be delivered to the bearer (or possessor) of the bill, to the order of a named party, or, as recognized in overseas trade, to a named person or assigns, a bill, as a document of title, is negotiable. In contrast, a straight bill is not negotiable.

State laws, which often include provisions from the Uniform Commercial Code, regulate the duties and liabilities imposed by bills of lading covering goods shipped within state boundaries. Federal law, embodied in the Interstate Commerce Act (49 U.S.C. [1976 Ed.] 1 et seq.) apply to bills of lading covering goods travelling in interstate commerce.

BILL OF LADING, contracts and commercial law. A memorandum or acknowledgment in writing, signed by the captain or master of a ship or other vessel, that he has received in good order, on board of his ship or vessel, therein named, at the place therein mentioned, certain goods therein specified, which he promises to deliver in like good order, (the dangers of the seas excepted,) at the place therein appointed for the delivery of the same, to the consignee therein named or to his assigns, he or they paying freight for the same. 1 T. R. 745; Back. Abr. Merchant L Com. Dig. Merchant E 8. b; Abbott on Ship. 216 1 Marsh. on Ins. 407; Code de Com. art. 281. Or it is the written evidence of a contract for the carriage and delivery of goods sent by sea for a certain freight. Per Lord Loughborough, 1 H. Bl. 359. 2. A bill of lading ought to contain the name of the consignor; the name of the consignee the name of the master of the vessel; the name of the vessel; the place of departure and destination; the price of the freight; and in the margin, the marks and numbers of the things shipped. Code de Com. art. 281; Jacobsen's Sea Laws.

3. It is usually made in three original's, or parts. One of them is commonly sent to the consignee on board with the goods; another is sent to him by mail or some other conveyance; and the third is retained by the merchant or shipper. The master should also take care to have another part for his own use. Abbott on Ship. 217. 4. The bill of lading is assignable, and the assignee is entitled to the goods, subject, however, to the shipper's right, in some cases, of stoppage in transit. See In transit; Stoppage in transit. Abbott on Shipping. 331; Back. Ab. Merchant, L; 1 Bell's Com. 542, 5th end

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Q.2 Discuss the strategic management process in an MNC. (10 Marks)

Q.3 A Europe based MNC wants to introduce its fruit juice drink in India. What product strategy of international marketing do you think will be suitable for its product? (10 Marks) Q.4 Discuss the need for regional integration. (10 Marks) Q.4 Discuss the need for regional integration. (10 Marks)

Q.5 What are the key factors affecting the recruitment of expats? (10 Marks) Q.6 Describe various entry strategies available to a firm when it wants to enter a foreign market. (10 Marks)

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