Appendix K

Snipers Logbook
SNIPER DATA BOOK
3-147.Thesniperdatabookcontainsacollectionofdatacards.The sniperusesthesecardstorecordfiringresultsandallelementsthat haveaneffectonfiringtheweapon.Thisinformationcouldinclude weatherconditionsoreventhesnipersattitudeonaparticularday.The snipercanrefertothisinformationlatertounderstandhisweapon,the weathereffects,andhisfiringabilityonagivenday.Oneofthemost importantitemsofinformationhewillrecordisthecoldbarrelzero ofhisweapon.Acoldbarrelzeroreferstothefirstroundfiredfrom theweapon.Itiscriticalthatthesniperknowthisbyfiringthefirst roundat200meters.Whenthebarrelwarmsup,latershotsmaybegin togroup1or2minuteshigherorlower,dependingonriflespecifics. Figure3-27,showsasamplesniperdatacard.

Figure 3-27. Sample of a Sniper's Data Card 3-148.Whenusedproperly,thedatacardwillprovidethenecessary informationforinitialsightsettingsateachdistanceorrange.Italso providesabasisforanalyzingtheperformanceofthesniperandhis rifleandisavaluableaidinmakingboldandaccuratesightchanges. Themostcompetentsniperwouldnotbeabletoconsistentlyhitthe centerofthetargetifhewereunabletoanalyzehisperformanceorif hehadnorecordofhisperformanceorconditionsaffectinghisfiring.

ENTRIES

3-149.Thethreephasesinwritinginformationonthedatacardare before firing,during firing,andafter firing.Eachphaserequires specificdataandprovidesanexcellentlearningtoolforfuturetraining. Eachsnipershouldcompletethefollowinginformationforeachphase andanalyzehisperformancetostayproficientatalltimes.

Phase IBefore Firing

3-150.Beforethesniperfires,heshouldrecordthefollowingdata: Range.Thedistancetothetarget. Rifle and telescope number.Theserialnumbersoftherifleand telescope. Date.Dateoffiring. Ammunition.Typeandlotnumberofammunition. Light.Amountoflight(overcast,clear). Mirage.Whetheramiragecanbeseenornot(bad,fair,good). Temperature.Temperatureontherange. Hour.Timeoffiring. Light(diagram). Hedrawsanarrowinthedirectionthelightis shining. Wind.Hedrawsanarrowinthedirectionthatthewindis blowingandrecordsitsaveragevelocityandcardinaldirection (N,NE,S,SW).

Phase IIDuring Firing

3-151.Thesnipershouldalsorecordspecificdataduringfiring.This informationincludesthefollowing: Elevation.Elevationsettingusedandanycorrectionneeded. (Forexample:Thetargetdistanceis600meters;thesnipersets theelevationdialto6.Thesniperfiresandtheroundhitsthe target6incheslowofcenter.Hethenadds1minute[oneclick] ofelevation.) Windage.Windagesettingusedandanycorrectionneeded.(For example:Thesniperfiresata600metertargetwithawindage

settingon0;theroundimpacts15inchesrightofcenter.He willthenadd21/2minuteslefttothewindagedial[L/21/2].)

Shot.Thecolumnofinformationaboutaparticularshot.(For example:Column1isforthefirstround;column10isforthe tenthround.) Wind.Windageused.(Forexample:L/2,1/2,O,R/1/2.)Thisis forironsightsorcompensationforspindrift.Milholdsareused forthescope. Call.Wheretheaimingpointwaswhentheweaponfired. Large silhouette or target representation.Usedtorecordthe exactimpactoftheroundonthetarget.Thisisrecordedby writingtheshotsnumberonthelargesilhouettethatisinthe sameplaceithitthetarget.

Phase IIIAfter Firing 3-152.Thesniperalsorecordsdataafterfiringthatwillenablehimto betterunderstandhisresultsandtoimprovehisperformance.Thisdata includes:

Commentsabouttheweapon,firingconditions(timeallowed forfire),orhiscondition(nervous,feltbad,feltgood). Correctedno-windzero.Showtheelevationandwindage inminutesandclicksthatwascorrectforthispositionand distanceunderno-windconditions. Remarks.Noteanyequipment,performance,weather conditions,orrangeconditionsthathadagoodorbadeffecton thefiringresults.

ANALYSIS 3-153.Whenthesniperleavesthefiringline,hecomparesweather conditionstotheinformationneededtohitthePOAorPOI.Since hefiresinalltypesofweatherconditions,hemustbeawareof temperature,light,mirage,andwind.Hemustalsoconsiderthe followingpossibilities:

Comparesightsettingswithpreviousfiringsessions.Ifthe sniperalwayshastofine-tuneforwindageorelevation,thereis achanceheneedsasightchange(slipascale).

Comparetheammunitionbylotnumberforthebestrifleand ammunitioncombination. Compareallgroupsfiredundereachcondition.Checkthelow andhighshotsaswellasthosetotheleftandtherightofthe maingroup.Ofcourse,lessdispersionisdesired.Ifgroups aretight,theyareeasilymovedtothecenterofthetarget;if scattered,thereisaproblem.Checkthetelescopefocusand ensurethattherifleiscleanedcorrectly.Remarksinthedata bookwillalsohelp. Makecorrections.Recordcorrectionsinthedatabook,suchas positionandsightadjustmentinformation,toensureretention. Thesnipershouldcomparehitstocalls.Iftheyagree,the resultisanindicationthatthezeroiscorrectandthatany compensationfortheeffectsoftheweatheriscorrect.Ifthe callsandhitsareconsistentlyoutofthetarget,sightadjustment ormorepositionandtriggercontrolworkisnecessary.

3-154.Thesnipershouldcomparetheweatherconditionsand locationofthegroupsonthelatestdatasheettopreviousdatasheets todeterminehowmuchandinwhichdirectionthesightsshouldbe movedtocompensatefortheweatherconditions.Ifbetterresultsare obtainedwithadifferentsightpictureunderanunusuallightcondition, heshouldusethissightpicturewheneverfiringunderthatparticular lightcondition.Adifferentsightpicturemaynecessitateadjusting thesights.Afterestablishinghowmuchtocompensatefortheeffects ofweatherorwhichsightpictureworksbestundervariouslight conditions,thesnipershouldcommitthisinformationtomemory. 3-155.Thesnipershouldkeepthetrainingandzeroingdatasheetsfor futurereference.Ratherthancarrythefiringdatasheetsduringsniper trainingexercisesorcombat,hecancarryortapeonhisweaponstock alistoftheelevationandwindagezerosatvariousranges.

Nine Steps for a First-Shot Hit 1. Determinetherangeinmetersset.Takeslopeintoaccount. 2. Determinethebasewind:

a. InMOAset.(Forironsightsonly)or, b. Milsforhold-off.1mil=3.5MOAs,1/4mil=.87MOA,1/2mil=1.75 MOAs,3/4mils=2.62MOAs.

NOTE:Whendeterminingbasewinds,ensureyouknowhowthemiragelooksunderthe baseconditionsoyoucanseechanges. 3. Determinethespindriftcorrection:

a. 600700milsleft1/2MOA. b. 800900milsleft3/4MOA. c. 1,000milsleft1MOA(M118). 4. Determinethetemperaturechangefrom"0"andset:100500mils+/20degrees =+/1MOA.

a. 600900mils+/15degrees=+/1MOA. b. 1,000mils+/10degrees=+/1MOA. 5. Determinethepressurechangeversus"0"pressureandset. 6. Determinethealtitudechangefrom"0"andset. 7. Determinelead(ifamovingtarget). 8. Assumeagoodposition:

a. Bonesupport. b. Muscularrelaxation. c. NaturalPOAontheaimingpoint. 9. Firetheshot:

a. Naturalrespiratorypause. b. Focusonthefrontsight/reticle. c. Follow-through.

NOTE:Ammunitionshouldremaincoveredsoitwillstayataconstanttemperature. Asaweaponheatsupitwillstringroundshigh.Thisiscausedbytheinternalresidual heatincreasingthechambertemperaturethatcausesincreasedchamberpressure.This increaseresultsinincreasedbulletvelocity.Logallshotsandsubsequentchanges. Wind Data 1. Determinedirectionof

a. Averagewind. b. Gusts c. Lulls. 2. Determinevelocityof

a. Averagewind. b. Gusts. c. Lulls. 3. Determinemilholdforwindcall. 4. Observermustbepreparedtochangehiswindcallbasedongustorlulls. NOTE:Lullsaremoredangerousthangusts. 5. RefertoyourtargetdimensionsinMOAs:

a. Center=centeroftarget. b. Favor=1/2betweenmidlineandedgeoftarget. c. Hold=theedgeofthetarget. NOTE:Youcannotusemirageasavelocityindicatoruntilyouknowwhatitlookslike fortheaveragewind.Thisnumberwillchangethroughouttheday. 8. Shootthecondition.Donotchasespotters.

9. Ignoreminorfluctuations.Waitfortheconditiontofullychange.Miragewill changebeforeconditionsarrive.Boilingmirageindicateschange. 10. Grasswillgivemagnitudeofthewindbutrequirespracticefordirectionor velocity. 11. Observercomputescorrectioninminutesandgivesittotheshooterinmilholdoff. NOTE:Thismatrix(FigureK-1)isdesignedtocompiledataontheindividualsniper weaponsystemszeroattheserangesandtemperatures.FigureK-2,providessample componentsoftheSOTICShootersLogasusedinthecourse. CONSOLIDATED ZERO DATA Meters Temperature 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000

Figure K-1. Individual SWSs Data for Zeroing

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooter's Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued) Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued) Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

 Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued)

Figure K-2. SOTIC Shooters Log (Continued) Downloadable Files