CIRcle

Circle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distance from a fixed point in the plane is always a constant. The fixed point is called the centre and the constant distance is called the radius of a circle. Properties of Triangle :(i) P (x1 , y1) lies outside , inside or on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 if x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c > 0 or = 0 respectively. (ii) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at (x1 , y1) is xx1 + yy1 = a2. (iii) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at the point (x1 , y1) is xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0 and normal is y y1 = .(x x1)

(iv) Equation of the director circle of x2 + a2 = a2 is x2 + y2 = 2a2 (v) Equation of the chord of contact form (x1 , y1) is xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0 i.e. T = 0. (vi) Equation of any chord in terms of middle point : T = S 1.

(vii) Equation of the circle passing through the intersection the intersection of two circles S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is S1 + kS2 = 0 (k - 1) or S1 + k (S1 S2) = 0 (viii) Equation of the circle passing through the intersection of a circle S = 0 and a line L = 0 is S + KL = 0 (ix) Common chord of two circles x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2g1x + 2f1y + c1 = 0 be 2 (g g1)x + 2 (f f1)y + (c c1) = 0

(x) Two circles having centres of A (x1 , y1) and B (x2 , y2) and radii r1 and r2 respectively will (a) Intersect each other in two distinct points if and only if |r1 r2| < |AB| < r1 + r2

(b) Touch each other externally if |AB| = r1 + r2 at the point where AB is divided internally in the ratio of r1 and r2 at

(c) Touch each other internally if |AB| = |r1 - r2 |at the point where AB is divided externally in the ratio of r1 and r2 at

(d) Two circles neither touch nor cut each other if |AB| > r1 + r2 or |AB| < |r1 - r2 |.

(xi) The equation of the concentric circle to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k = 0.

(xii) If two circles touch externally, then the numbers of common tangents are three.

(xiii) If they touch internally, the number of common tangent is one.

(xiv) If they neither touch or cut and AB > r1 + r2 , No. of common tangents are four.

NOTE :- If AB < |r1 - r2 | , i.e. one circle inscribes in another then there is no common tangent.

Beat The Clock

TST- 1:

y = mx + c will be the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 if c2 = a2 (1 + m2).

Application:

1. If the line hx + ky = 1 touches x2 + y2 = a2 then the locus of the point (h , k) is a circle of radius (a) (c) Ans :- (b) y= => + = a2 (1 + clearly, c2 = a2 (1 + m2) ) => + = of radius . (b) (d) None of these.

Locus of (h , k ) is a circle x2 + y2 =
TST- 2:

Two circles x2 + y2 + 2g1x + 2f1y + c1 = 0 is x2 + y2 + 2g2x + 2f2y + c2 = 0 cut orthogonally if 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2.
Application:

1. If the circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 is x2 + y2 + 2kx + k = 0 intersect orthogonally , then k = (a) 2 or (c) 2 or Ans :- (a) 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2 => 2.1.10 + 2.k2 = 6 + k => 2k2 k 6 = 0 => k = 2 or . (b) -2 or (d) -2 or

TST- 3:

The length of intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 with X and Y axes are 2
Application:

and 2

respectively.

1. If the length of intercepts made by the circle with X and Y axes and equal then equation of locus of the centre is (a) x2 + y2 = 0 (c) x2 + y2 = 1 Ans :- (b) 2 => =2 =0 => =0 (b) x2 y2 = 0 (d) None of these.

Equation of locus of the centre is x2 y2 = 0 .

TST- 4:

Length of the tangent from outside point P (x1 , y1) to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 be .

Application:

1. The Length of the tangent from point (1, 1) to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 1 = 0 is (a) (c) Ans :- (a) length of tangent =
TST- 5:

(b) (d) None of these. = unit .

1. The length of the intercept cut off from the line y = mx + c by the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is 2
Application:

1. The length of the chord cut off y = 2x + 1 from the circle x2 + y2 = 2 is (a) (c)

(b) (d)

Ans :- (c) Length of chord = =

units.