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0 INTRODUCTION OF DRUG ADDICTION

In the 21st century, drug addiction has become the major problem in the world. Drugs, are usually used in medical purpose such as painkiller, because of human in abusing drugs, drugs has been restrict as it is danger to human health and it will caused addiction. The reasons that people often taking drugs is because that drugs make them feel good, because drug act directly on the limbic, or pleasure center in the brain (people on drugs 2008). The main causes that lead a human to become drug addiction are peer pressure, easily access, and family problem. Drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences to the individual that is addicted and to those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. Although it is true that for most people the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, over time the changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse can affect a person's self control and ability to make sound decisions, and at the same time send intense impulses to take drugs. 1.1 THE CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTION

1.1.1 Curiosity The first cause is simple curiosity. Many teens have heard about drugs, and they are curious to experience them for themselves. They have heard that drugs can be fun, or make a person feel and act different. Maybe they have seen their friends or family members behave differently while on drugs, and they want to see how it really feels. We see drugs on TV and movies every day. Many young people encounter them at school, at home or in their neighborhood. It is not unusual to be curious about something you see and hear about so often, so many people first try drugs because they are curious about them.

1.1.2 Escape their reality Another reason young people take drugs is to escape their reality. Maybe their home life is not very happy. Maybe they have a boring job, are not doing well in school, or are just not happy with their life for whatever reason. For many people, drugs are a way to escape that unhappy reality. They can feel a little braver, stronger, a little smarter, more beautiful or more important. Of course this doesnt last long, but that doesnt matter. For the brief time that the drugs are taking affect, the user can forget about the problems, responsibilities and limitations of everyday life and escape to a fantasy world. It is no secret that drugs change the way you feel; this is why they are so attractive to young people despite their dangers.

1.1.3 Feeling cool and want to impress their friends Young people also take drugs to feel cool and impress their friends. If your friends all smoke marijuana, you will probably be expected to smoke it, too. If they snort cocaine, they will offer it to you. They may tell you that you are scared or acting like a baby if you dont want to try it. This push to do what your friends are doing is called peer pressure, and it has a very strong effect on young people who dont want to appear uncool to their friends. Some kids will do whatever their friends do, just to fit in and follow the crowd. They dont want to be the only one not doing something, even if it is something dangerous, like taking drugs.

1.1.4 Genetic Drug addiction tends to run in families, indicating genetics may have a role in causing drug addiction. In fact, in studies of twins it appears half of someone's risk of becoming addicted to drugs is genetic. Genetic causes of drug addiction appear to involve multiple gene sequences and science has not yet been able to pinpoint all the genes involved. However, it is known some genes, like those involved in brain receptors of nicotine, contribute to the cause of drug addiction.

1.1.5 Psychological Psychological factors comprise the bulk of what causes drug addiction. Some of the psychological causes of drug addiction appear to stem from trauma, often when the drug addict is young. Sexual or physical abuse, neglect, or chaos in the home can all lead to psychological stress, which people attempt to "self-medicate" (decrease the stress's pain through drug use). This self-medication becomes a cause of drug addiction. Besides, there is more psychological factor that causes drug addiction such as a mental illness such as depression, inability to connect with others, lack of friends, poor performance at work or school and lastly is poor stress coping skills.

1.1.6 Environmental A person's environment can be part of what causes drug addiction. Drug addiction is more common in environments where drug abuse is seen or where it's seen as permissible. Children who grow up in homes with drug addicts often become drug addicts themselves. Because most drug use starts in adolescence. Those with inattentive, abusive or neglectful parents are more prone to drug abuse. One cause of drug addiction can be the combination of drug experimentation with the lack of parental oversight. Not only that, other environmental causes is participation in a sport where performance-enhancing drugs are encouraged, then a peer group that uses or promotes drug use, also people of lower socioeconomic status are at greater risk of drug addiction and lastly gender and ethnicity contribute to addiction of some drugs.
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1.2 THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ADDICTION 1.2.1 Physical There will be physical effects to those who taking drugs like bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual then changes in appetite or sleep patterns, sudden weight loss or weight gain, deterioration of physical appearance, personal grooming habits, unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing and lastly remors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination. 1.2.2 Behavioral The behavioral effects are they will drop in attendance and performance at work or school then the usual effect related unexplained need for money or financial problems. People thay drug addicted may borrow or steal to get money. Money very important for them to get the drugs. Furthermore, engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors, sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies and lastly they frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents, illegal activities). 1.2.3 Psychological Example of psychological effects are unexplained change in personality or attitude, sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts, periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness. Not only that they also lack of motivation like appears lethargic or spaced out.They also appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason. Possibility for them to committed suicide also high, their mind are not in right position. 1.2.4 Health People that taking drug as sharing their needles with others probably will get HIV Positive or AIDS. They also experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression, sweating, shaking, and anxiety. 1.2.5 Social People that taking drugs are not mix with other people, they always want to be alone. They also not cooperative. They spend a lot of time using and thinking about drugs, figuring out how to get drugs.

1.3 THE WAYS TO OVERCOME DRUG ADDICTION

1.3.1 Recognizing the problem Whatever addiction it is, recognizing the problem is the first step to overcome it. Many of us engage in repetitively destructive behaviour and justify it as being a choice, or as something we can stop when we need to. It takes a certain amount of strength to stand back and recognize the reality, and to decide to do something about it. 1.3.2 Decide to make a change For many people struggling with addiction, the biggest and toughest step toward recovery is the very first one: deciding to make a change. Its normal to feel conflicted about giving up your drug of choice, even when you realize its causing problems in your life. Change is never easyand committing to sobriety involves changing many things, including: the way you deal with stress who you allow in your life what you do in your free time how you think about yourself You may wonder if youre really ready for all that change or if you have what it takes to quit. Its okay if youre torn. Recovering from addiction is a long process, one that requires time, commitment, motivation, and support. As you contemplate your situation, the following tips can help you make the decision. Thinking about change Keep track of your drug use, including when and how much you use. This will give you a better sense of the role the addiction is playing in your life. List the pros and cons of quitting, as well as the costs and benefits of continuing your drug abuse. Consider the things that are important to you, such as your partner, your kids, your career, or your health. How does your drug use affect those things? Talk it over with someone you trust. Ask the person how he or she feels about your drug use. Ask yourself if theres anything preventing you from changing. What are some things that could help you make the change?

1.3.3 Explore your treatment options Once youve made the decision to challenge your drug addiction, its time to explore your treatment choices. As you consider the options, keep the following in mind: Theres no magic bullet or single treatment that works for everyone. When considering a program, remember that everyones needs are different. Drug addiction treatment should be customized to your unique problems and situation. Its important that you find a program that feels right. Treatment should address more than just your drug abuse. Addiction affects your whole life, including relationships, career, health, and psychological well-being. Treatment success depends on developing a new way of living and addressing the reasons why you turned to drugs in the first place. It may have been because of an inability to manage stress, in which case youll need to find healthy ways to handle stressful situations. Commitment and follow-through are key. Drug addiction treatment is not a quick and easy process. In general, the longer and more intense the drug use, the longer and more intense the treatment youll need. But regardless of the treatment programs length in weeks or months, long-term follow-up care is crucial to recovery. There are many places to turn for help. Not everybody requires medically supervised detox or an extended stint in rehab. The level of care you need depends on your age, drug use history, and other medical or psychiatric conditions. In addition to doctors and psychologists, many clergy members, social workers, and counselors offer addiction treatment services. As you seek help for drug addiction, its also important to get treatment for any other medical or psychological issues youre experiencing. Your best chance of recovery is through integrated treatment for both the substance abuse problem and the mental health problem. This means getting combined mental health and addiction treatment from the same treatment provider or team. 1.3.4 Reach out for support Dont try to go it alone. Whatever treatment approach you choose, having a solid support system is essential. The more positive influences you have in your life, the better your chances for recovery. Recovering from drug addiction isnt easy, but with people you can turn to for encouragement, guidance, and a listening ear, its a little less tough. Lean on close friends and family Having the support of friends and family members is an invaluable asset in recovery. If youre reluctant to turn to your loved ones because youve let them down before, consider going to couples counseling or family therapy. Build a sober social network If your previous social life revolved around drugs, you may need to make some new connections. Its important to have sober friends who will support your recovery. Try taking a class, joining a church or a civic group, volunteering, or attending events in your community.
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Consider moving in to a sober living home Sober living homes provide a safe, supportive place to live while youre recovering from drug addiction. They are a good option if you dont have a stable home or a drug-free living environment to go to. Make meetings a priority Join a recovery support group and attend meetings regularly. Spending time with people who understand exactly what youre going through can be very healing. You can also benefit from the shared experiences of the group members and learn what others have done to stay sober.

1.3.5 Keep triggers and cravings in check While getting sober from drugs is an important first step, its only the beginning of the recovery process. Once sober, the brain needs time to recover and rebuild connections that have changed while addicted. During this time, drug cravings can be intense. You can support your continued sobriety by making a conscious effort to avoid people, places, and situations that trigger the urge to use: Make a break from old drug buddies. Dont make the mistake of hanging out with old friends who are still doing drugs. Surround yourself with people who support your sobriety, not those who tempt you to slip back into old, destructive habits. Avoid bars and clubs, even if you dont have a problem with alcohol. Drinking lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment, which can easily lead to relapse. Drugs are often readily available and the temptation to use can be overpowering. Also avoid any other environments and situations that you associate with drug use. Be up front about your history of drug use when seeking medical treatment. If you need a medical or dental procedure done, be up front about your history and find a provider who will work with you in either prescribing alternatives or the absolute minimum medication necessary. You should never feel ashamed or humiliated about previous drug use or be denied medication for pain; if that happens, find another provider. Use caution with prescription drugs. Stay away from prescription drugs with the potential for abuse or use only when necessary and with extreme caution. Drugs with a high abuse potential include painkillers, sleeping pills, and anti-anxiety medication. Coping with drug cravings

Sometimes craving cannot be avoided, and it is necessary to find a way to cope: Get involved in some distracting activity. Reading, a hobby, going to a movie, exercising (jogging, biking) are good examples of distracting activities. Once you get interested in something else, youll find the urges go away. Another effective response to a drug craving is eating (but be careful what you eat, as eating junk will only add stress and inches to your waistline).
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Talk it through. Talk to friends or family members about craving when it occurs. Talking about cravings and urges can be very helpful in pinpointing the source of the craving. Also, talking about craving often helps to discharge and relieve the feeling and will help restore honesty in your relationship. Craving is nothing to feel bad about. Urge surf. Many people try to cope with their urges by gritting their teeth and toughing it out. But some are just too strong to ignore. When this happens, it can be useful to stay with the urge until it passes. This technique is called urge surfing. Imagine yourself as a surfer who will ride the wave of your drug craving, staying on top of it until it crests, breaks, and turns into less powerful, foamy surf. Challenge and change your thoughts. When experiencing a craving, many people have a tendency to remember only the positive effects of the drug and forget the negative consequences. Therefore, you may find it helpful to remind yourself that you really wont feel better if you use and that you stand to lose a lot. Sometimes it is helpful to have these benefits and consequences listed on a small card that you keep with you.

1.3.6 Build a meaningful drug-free life You can support your drug treatment and protect yourself from relapse by having activities and interests that provide meaning to your life. Its important to be involved in things that you enjoy and make you feel needed. When your life is filled with rewarding activities and a sense of purpose, your addiction will lose its appeal. Pick up a new hobby. Do things that challenge your creativity and spark your imaginationsomething youve always wanted to try. Adopt a pet. Yes, pets are a responsibility, but caring for an animal makes you feel loved and needed. Pets can also get you out of the house for exercise. Get involved in your community. Replace your addiction with drug-free groups and activities.Volunteer, become active in your church or faith community, or join a local club or neighborhood group. Set meaningful goals. Having goals to work toward and something to look forward to can be powerful antidotes to drug addiction. It doesnt matter what the goals arewhether they involve your career, your personal life, or your healthjust that they are important to you. Look after your health. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and healthy eating habits help you keep your energy levels up and your stress levels down. When you feel good, drugs are much less of a temptation. The more you can do to stay healthy, the easier it will be to stay sober.