STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Last Updated October 23, 2003

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY -Study of the form, arrangement and internal structure of rocks. -Study of the 3-D configuration of bedrock units

GEOLOGIC MAP GEOLOGIC BLOCK DIAGRAM GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION

Shows the surface distribution of bed formations 3-D representation of formations Shows the subsurface configuration of formations

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STRIKE Angle of DIP DIP (direction)

Direction of the line of intersection between inclined layers and a horizontal plane (parallel to the surface to the earth) Acute angle measured from inclined layer to the horizontal plane Direction in which a layer is inclined. Its measured perpendicular to the strike

SYMBOLS

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Last Updated October 23, 2003

TOPOGRAPHY and LAYERS HORIZONTAL LAYERS Contacts follow contour lines (they make Vs pointing upstream INCLINED LAYERS Contacts form Vs The V points in the direction of dip. (Upstream or downstream) VERTICAL LAYERS Contacts do not form Vs. The cut straight across contour lines

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Practice identifying Horizontal, Inclined and Vertical layers

Simple geologic cross section.

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Forces that cause deformation of rocks

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LIMBS (SIDES or FLANKS) HINGE ZONE AXIS AXIAL PLANE TRACE OF THE AXIAL PLANE

FOLD PARTS Non curved parts of a fold Curved portion of fold Imaginary line that connects points of maximum curvature along the hinge zone Imaginary plane that divides the fold as symmetrically as possible Imaginary line formed by the intersection of an axial plane with the ground surface

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CLASSIFICATION OF FOLDS ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE AXIAL PLANE UPRIGHT SYMMETRICAL UPRIGHT ASYMMETRICAL OVERTURNED

POSITION OF THE AXIAL PLANE (with respect to the surface of the earth) VERTICAL INCLINED INCLINED

ATTITUDE OF THE LIMBS

DIP OPPOSITE DIRECTION WITH THE SAME ANGLE OF DIP DIP IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION WITH DIFFERENT ANGLE OF DIP DIP IN THE SAME DIRECTION

CLASSIFICATION OF FOLDS ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE AXIS NON-PLUNGING PLUNGING

POSITION OF THE AXIS (with respect to the surface of the earth) Horizontal (parallel to the surface of the earth) Inclined (plunging)

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FAULT. A fracture or break in a rock along which movement occurs FAULT PARTS FAULT TRACE Imaginary line formed by the intersection of a fault surface with FAULT PLANE HANGING WALL BLOCK FOOT WALL BLOCK Last Updated October 23, 2003

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GEOLOGIC MAP SYMBOLS

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NOTES

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