Assignment 1 Solution

2
Question 1
,min
,max
88 10.7 77.3 MHz ,
108 10.7 97.3 MHz .
LO
LO
f
f
= =
= =
3
Question 2
There are more sky wave happen at night for AM signals. The
receivers can receive signals that they could not receive at day time
from AM stations located far away. The annoying high-pitched 10
kHz tone is actually caused by these stations which are only 10 kHz
apart from the receivers desired signals.

The mixer in the receiver shifts the received signal so that the
frequency of the carrier signal is shifted to DC. An ideal filter should
suppress fully all undesired signals above 5 kHz; however, in reality,
suppression is not complete. Also, the carrier of an AM signal is
relatively strong. Therefore, desired signal are sometimes combined
with high-pitched 10 kHz tone.
I
Q
RF
RF
cos( )
sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LO
cos( ) t e
LO
sin( ) t e
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
RF LO
RF
RF LO
RF L L O O
cos ( ) / 2
sin (
cos ( )
) n ( ) / 2 si
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e
e e
e e e
+

+
+ +
IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LECTURE 01: RADIO SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW
4
Nikolova 2011
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
LO RF
RF L
RF LO
F O O R L
sin ( ) / 2
cos (
sin ( )
cos ( ) ) / 2
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e
e
e e
e
e

+
+
+

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e

IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e

0
0
RF LO
when e e <
Question 3
Hartleys circuit: RF conversion
I
Q
I
I
cos( )
sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LO
cos( ) t e
LO
sin( ) t e
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
I I LO
I LO
LO
I LO
cos ( )
sin ( )
cos ( ) / 2
sin ( ) / 2
a t
b
t
t t
e e e
e e
e
e e
+

+
+ +
IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LECTURE 01: RADIO SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW
5
Nikolova 2011
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
I LO
I
LO
L
I
O O I L
sin ( ) / 2
cos ( ) /
sin ( )
c 2 os ( )
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e e
e e
e e

+
+ +

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e
+

IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
IF
IF
cos( )
sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
Question 3, contd
LO
when
I
e e >
Hartleys circuit: Image conversion
I
Q
RF
RF
cos( )
sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LO
cos( ) t e
LO
sin( ) t e
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
RF LO
RF
RF LO
RF L L O O
cos ( ) / 2
sin (
cos ( )
) n ( ) / 2 si
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e
e e
e e e
+

+
+ +
IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LECTURE 01: RADIO SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW
6
Nikolova 2011
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
LO RF
RF L
RF LO
F O O R L
sin ( ) / 2
cos (
sin ( )
cos ( ) ) / 2
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e
e
e e
e
e

+
+
+

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e

IF
IF
sin( )
cos( )
a t
b t
e
e

RF LO
when e e <
Question 4
Hartleys circuit: RF conversion
I
Q
I
I
cos( )
sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LO
cos( ) t e
LO
sin( ) t e
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
I I LO
I LO
LO
I LO
cos ( )
sin ( )
cos ( ) / 2
sin ( ) / 2
a t
b
t
t t
e e e
e e
e
e e
+

+
+ +
IF
IF
0.5 cos( )
0.5 sin( )
a t
b t
e
e
LECTURE 01: RADIO SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW
7
Nikolova 2011
| | | | { }
| | | | { }
I LO
I
LO
L
I
O O I L
sin ( ) / 2
cos ( ) /
sin ( )
c 2 os ( )
a t
b
t
t t
e e
e e
e e
e e

+
+ +

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e
+

IF
IF
0.5 sin( )
0.5 cos( )
a t
b t
e
e

0
0
Question 4 , contd
LO
when
I
e e >
Hartleys circuit: Image conversion