Contents

01. Background of the study ...........................................................................................................2

1.1. Introduction about the service. .................................................................................................2 1.1.1. Bus ...........................................................................................................................................2 1.1.2. Train .........................................................................................................................................3 1.2. The Importance of Transport Services ....................................................................................4 1.3. Current Process Improvements ...............................................................................................5 1.4. Statistics - Sri Lanka Transport Board.....................................................................................6 02. 03. 04. Problem encountered ................................................................................................................7 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................9 Re-Engineering plan ................................................................................................................10

4.1. Centralized information Centre:- ............................................................................................10 4.2. SMS & web based reservation system for bus/train transport service:-.......................... 11 4.3. GPS tracking system:- ............................................................................................................. 11 4.4. Automatic time table generation & SMS based system for passengers to be informed about the transport time table:- ....................................................................................................... 11 4.5. LED display boards:- ...............................................................................................................12 4.6. Current process:-......................................................................................................................13 05. 06. Cost benefits Analysis .............................................................................................................13 Risks on the re-engineering process ....................................................................................17

01. Background of the study

1.1. Introduction about the service. Public transport in Sri Lanka is a choice between Buses and Trains. Both are cheap but often overcrowded. At least there's enough public transport to enable everyone to move around the island fairly easily. Trains are a bit slower than buses, but a seat on a train is preferable to standing on a bus. Transportation in Sri Lanka is based mainly on the road network which is centred on Sri Lanka's capital, Colombo. The Ceylon Transport Board had the sole responsibility for providing public passenger road transport from 1957 to 1978. Fares were heavily subsidized, but overcrowding was severe. In 1978 private buses were again allowed to operate, and the Sri Lanka Transport Board and nine regional transport boards replaced the Ceylon Transport Board. The Sri Lanka Transport Board had responsibility for overall transport policy, budgeting, and production planning, whereas the regional boards were responsible for the operation of regular regional and interregional bus services. The island's first railroad line, from Colombo to Kandy, was opened in 1867, 1.1.1. Bus The bus services in the main towns are fairly frequent. Long distance services are operated from Colombo at Pettah Central Bus Depot. There are two services, one operated by the Sri Lanka Transport Board and the other operated by Private Bus Companies. The private bus station is quite close to the Central Bus Depot. Bus services are more frequent in the Private Bus Station. Most of the buses and coaches have air-conditioning. Buses to the coastal town ply every 1/2 hour, To Kandy every 15 minutes. To other long distance destinations between 1 hour 1/2 hours. Both government and private buses and coaches carry the same destination numbers.

Please observe the traffic plan which changes from time to time. All public transport gets particularly crowded around poya (full-moon) days and their nearest weekends, so avoid travelling then if you can. In long distance journey the buses will stop in one or two places to buy small snack, for tea and toilet.

This began as an unregulated private enterprise in 1907 and remained and so until 1927 when problem of competition began to surface. Buses are the principal mode of public transport. Bus services are provided by the state-run Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB) and by privately run buses. SLTB serves both urban and rural routes. In many rural areas, it provides services in unprofitable areas that would be unattractive to private operators. Inter-city routes connect many of the major population centres in the country. A few services are available on the E01 Expressway. Expressway services use modern Lanka Ashok Leyland buses.

1.1.2. Train The Sri Lanka Government Railway serves all important tourist destinations in the island. Town served from Colombo include Kandy, Nuwara Eliya, Bandarawela, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Matara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Negombo, Bentota and Batticaloa.

Train travel in Sri Lanka can be pretty good. Although the trains are quite slow, with badly deteriorated tracks in some places, generally a train ride is a more relaxed experience than a bus ride, although trains can be packed at weekends and public holidays. There are three classes on Sri Lankan trains. Third class is incredibly cheap but invariably crowded and you generally sit on benches. Although night mail trains have sleeper with fold-down benches. Second class at least has padded seats and sometimes the fans work, its generally less crowded. There are no 2nd class sleeping berths, only sleepers. First class comes in three varieties: air-con coaches, observation saloons air-con with large picture windows for viewing the scenery and sleeping berths also air-con. For groups of 20 - 25 people a diesel deluxe coach is available.

It's easy to buy tickets when you get to Sri Lanka. There is a special ticket window for tourists at Colombo Fort station. Reservations for trains with reserved seating such as InterCity Express trains open 10-14 days in advance. Other trains (shown as having 'unreserved' seats) don't require a reservation, you just buy a ticket on and hop on. Seats in the 1st class observation car from Colombo to Kandy can get fully-booked from time to time, so book a few days ahead if you can, but you may well find seats available on the day of travel.

There are three lines of most importance to travellers. One is from Colombo down to the west coast to Aluthgama, Hikkaduwa, Galle and Matara. The second is from Colombo east up trough Kandy, Nanu Oya (the station for Nuwara Eliya) and Haputale in the hill country to Badulla. The thirty goes north from Colombo to Anuradhapura and Vavuniya and there's a branch line from Anuradhapura to Trincomalee on the east coast.

1.2. The Importance of Transport Services

The change in transport services resulting from better infrastructure must also be affordable to the poor. Bus and Train services are an important mode of transportation now more than ever because of global warming as well as the state of the economy, it is vitally important for everyone to do their part in helping to conserve our natural resources as well as provide greater levels of protection for the land, air and water. By using a bus service, people are helping to conserve energy as well as resources and thereby reducing the carbon footprint.

A dedicated bus chartered service is an important part of helping people get to and from work, school and recreational events. Providing many people the ability to move across town or across the nation who might otherwise be home bound with vehicles of their own or the ability to purchase gas, oil, registration and insurance.

The public transport service, as well as bus charter services provide safe, clean transportation with many safety feature like seat belts and floor light. Then there is the convenience that a good transport Service can provide. For instance, if you ride the bus to and from your different locations instead of driving yourself you can use the extra time to read, further your education, get some extra office work done.

Perhaps you could use the time to sketch, or do some hand sewing. The ability to have a little extra time to you is something that everyone could use. Maybe you could sneak in a little extra nap while someone else does the driving, relaxing instead of having your blood pressure go through the roof with the tensions and headaches associated with traffic.

1.3. Current Process Improvements

GPS tracking system:-

Currently GPS tracking facilities are given by the national transport commission for the private bus sector. Small amount of private buses are facilitated by this service. But this service is only available to track the current position of a particular bus to overcome difficulties like straggling, vehicle accidents etc. which can be faced by bus drivers. This service is not available to support for the public passengers.

Web based/telephone based seat reservation system:-

Web/telephone based seat reservation systems are available for bus/train in the current situation. But these services are available only for few routes from railway stations/bus stands. And also there are third party private organizations (e.g.: ExpoRail) addition to the relevant government departments who are providing this service for monetary basis. few

Availability of LED displays:-

Even today there are LED displays which are used for present information at bus stands/ railway stations and inside of bus/train. They are controlled through divisional offices and most of times their services are limited to just show simple information to the passengers and most of them are used for static information presenting.

1.4. Statistics - Sri Lanka Transport Board

Figure 01: Basic Information Name of the Regions No. of Depots Colombo 11 Gampaha 09 Kalutara 05 Kandy 07 Ruhuna 11 Wayamba 12 Sabaragamuwa 10 Uva 09 Nuwara Eliya 07 Raja Rata 07 Eastern 10 Northern 07 Total 105

Figure 02: Operational (Per Day) 2009 Buses and Employees Bus Fleet (Average) No. of Average Buses operated Kilometres Operated No. of Employees 9,125 4,482 912,471 35,895 2010 7,697 4,595 937,019 34,772 2011 7,933 4,366 922,122 34,263 2012 7,696 4,299 880,336 34,132

Figure 03: The Greek alphabet Letter name Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Uppercase Lowercase Letter name Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega Uppercase Lowercase

02. Problem encountered 01. Traffic jam in bus stand

Most of the bus stands fill with traffic jam. That is a huge problem to passengers because of that they waste their valuable time. Other than that fuel consume also high because of traffic problem. Main reason to this traffic problem is there is no proper system to handle traffic jam. Sometime bus drivers also responsible to this trouble because they also try to compete with other bus drivers. As a result of that traffic can be arise.

02. No proper time tabling or scheduling system

One of another problem is public transportation system lack of proper time tabling or scheduling system. Since this problem sometime it can be seen insufficient and other time over supply of buses. It will directly affect to the effectiveness and efficiency of public transportation service. Sometimes buses are running with few passengers. That mean buses are not used their full capacity. Sometimes buses are running with overload of passengers. That means buses are exceeded their maximum capacity. This can be occurred while transportation system has good scheduling system.

03. No way to find out location when person in a bus or train (Especially night).
The common problem which most of the passengers are facing is that they couldn't identify the location they should drop from the bus. Especially this problem will more critical in the night. Even day time also some passengers couldnt find like elder people, school children.

04. There is no mobile reservation system which can reserve bus or train and know the
arrival and departure time.

The arrival and departure times are the important fact to the customers. This is very important for passengers who are involving with government and private jobs. But unfortunately there is no specific method or system that can know this. Because of this problem passengers cannot scheduling their time employed people. The late attendance of these people can be affected to their jobs and their performance. Some people have special task or works such as interview, special meetings, business discussions and lectures. In such a situation people cannot reach their destination on time. So lots of chances or works miss because unawareness of arrival/departure time.

05. When a bus or a train faces an accident the passengers who are in bus stand or
railway station face in trouble. When a bus or train met with an accident the whole schedule will change. In that time passengers face difficulties because sometime they dont know the alternative roads, buses or trains should go. In such a case passengers can go through relevant office which in bus stands but sometime relevant person not available. Therefore there is no efficient system that can provide information to passengers quickly.

06. Sometime passengers dont know particular bus fee related to their journey. It can be
caused to get cheat. Some passengers especially old people dont know particular bus fee related to their journey. So in that case bus conductor can cheat to passengers. Considering about that issue there is no system to identify each bus fees according to destination while passengers travelling in the bus.

03. Objective

Our main objective is increase the efficiency and effectiveness in the current transport system (train and bus service) in Sri Lanka by providing more convenience, satisfying passengers and reducing wastages related to the public transportation service in Sri Lanka.

04. Re-Engineering plan

4.1. Centralized information Centre:-

All the information generated from divisional stations and bus/train is collected to a centralized centre and does all the management activities through it. Each of bus/train, passenger is going to be communicate directly with the centralized system. Reservation activities, time table management, etc. are going to be done directly via the centralized system and send the final output to the identified actors (passengers, divisional stations, and bus/train).

All the functions which are going to be done through this system is interconnected with all entities within the system. So, it becomes less efficient if those activities were done by divisionally. By using this kind of strategy all the required processes can be done by considering all the constraints since the enough information are available from all parties. So the final output from the centralized system is acceptable by all the parties in the system.

As an example assume the time table management process. The train from Colombo to Kandy delayed due to an unexpected reason. Now the whole time tables should be tuned system wide (not division wide) to not to abandon the passengers from above train.

Another advantage from centralizing is the same resource set is not going to be duplicated among the divisions. Electronic devices which need to implement the system is highly expensive and it will be a wastage of resources if those were going to be duplicated division wide. Not only the implementation but also the maintenance cost will be high.

Centralized system improves the ease of access to the system by the actors because there is only one access point and actors can ask all their services from one place. As an example if a passenger need to do a reservation of a particular bus that he is not very much familiar, with the centralized system it is not difficult because he has not to bother about to which station/stand that he should contact to ask for the service.

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4.2. SMS & web based reservation system for bus/train transport service:Passengers can do reservations simply without long and unclear process with the new system. Human interaction with the new process is extremely low. Passengers can access to the service from both via SMS & web. Since mobile phone facility is available for many passengers in present SMS solution can be replace where web solution is not possible. Both online and traditional payments are enabled with the system.

4.3. GPS tracking system:Through the GPS tracking system it is enabled to locate the current position of a particular bus/train at a moment and the time length which consumed to arrive to a specific location will be calculated. With this system each bus/train will be connected with a GPS device and centralized system will track them with a GPS receiving device. With this system passengers can be easily informed with accurate information about his bus/train without depending on untrusted hear says.

4.4. Automatic time table generation & SMS based system for passengers to be informed about the transport time table:All the transport time tables will be automatically generated by the centralized system and distributed to the passengers when they requested via a SMS. Transportation time table is subject to be changed according to the novel constraints. As an example time tables of whole system can be automatically adjusted due to a delay of a train, road traffic, breakdown of a particular bus etc. With this novelty passengers should not be bother on catching the next bus or train after a delayed arrival of the previous bus/train.

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4.5. LED display boards:LED display boards can be used to replace traditional printed sign boards, inside bus/train and bus stands/railway stations. These are efficient in displaying dynamic information with a great visibility. Same display can be used to display different information time to time which reduces the cost for number of printed boards.

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4.6. Current process:Time keeping processes of divisional stations are not integrated. Bus/train are working according to a fixed time table. Passengers can get informed about the time table by calling to the stations. Seat reservation can be done by calling with the support of third party organizations which is not much more customer friendly. Passengers need to come to the station according to the fixed time slots and get into the bus/train. Even though a fixed time table is maintaining, frequent delays can be happened. With the current system there is no a method to know delays before arriving to the station. Inside of railway stations/ bus stands, inexperienced passengers difficult to find a relevant place of a particular bus due to the poor sign board system.

05. Cost benefits Analysis

This re-engineering process has benefit as well as cost. Mainly that government has to

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allocate the fund from the annual budget this process. One hand it can be the investment for the transport service in Sri Lanka. For long time more benefit can be arising through this.

The main cost Criteria The re-engineering employee wages Have to assume software engineer, technical engineer, Project manager, Other labors and sum administrative people to Re-engineering process. The new technological tool and equipment cost Need to add new Electronic control board, and other equipment to the bus and train. cost for bring foreign technical support Sometime need to get technical support from the foreign countries. So have to spend some money on it. Admiration center establishment cost It is better establish the new Administration center under the department of transport to start re-engineering process and maintain that new system. So on that has to allocate the fund. The existing employee and people make aware Cost. The existing transport service employee may have to Training and give some understanding about the new re-engineer process. It can help to reduce the employee resistance and increase the effectiveness of the system Usage. Also they people should aware about the new Process and how interact with it .so the people need to make aware to the new technology. According to above main cost criteria the government has to allocate huge amount of fund to the re-engineering process. But there are more direct and indirect benefit can be arising on the economy.

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Direct benefit I. Time wasting in the transport system can be reduced.

Traffic problem, overcrowding problem in the bus hold queue can be remove. So it is help to be more efficiency to the people. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. People easily can access to bus and train time table details in any time. Transport service value will increase. The passenger can see extract road place where he is travelling at that time. The passenger can reserve the bus and train at any time using the mobile phone. The new system guide the passenger with more effectively Bus and train time table will automatically update in the station. Passenger can get the bus fees details to his mobile phone. Traffic inside the bus holt can reduce The bus driver receives the massage and reminds about in and out time from the station.

Indirect benefit I. Because of the time serving for traveling , effectiveness increase and it help to develop the economy II. III. IV. The transport system will be more flexible to the user. The new job opportunities can arise to the information technology employee. Can get more new technological knowledge from the foreign counties via this kind of project. So the knowledge share opportunities can be help to develop the country. V. Under the new government development concept the road system has been developed. While that happen this project can increase the Quality of the Transport management. So totally that will create good transport system in Sri Lanka. According to above mentioned cost and benefit there are more benefit can see although the initial cost high. So this re-engineering process more effective to the Sri Lanka Economy.

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Re-engineering operation Process. Figure show the main three stage of Operation process under re-engineering process. This is have the summarize process steps to achieve the goal. There are more operation have to done under one task.

Establish the main Administration centre

Allocate need resources. (People, Equipment)

Stage 1 Take 6 Months

Make Plans and Work flow to manage the Recourse

Add re-engineering process on one main Transport division.

Stage 2 Take 6 Months

Correct the drawbacks

If have drawbacks

Testing with real world

If Success Stage 3 Take 12 Months Add Re-engineering process to whole country

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06. Risks on the re-engineering process

In this chapter risks which can be arisen on the re-engineering process will be descriptively discussed. As this service is a well-established public service during a long period, risks relate with the stake holders of this service can be especially considered addition to the technical and economic risks. 1. Staff resistance for the re-engineering process:Employees/Employers who are working relate to this department will commonly show up their resistance for the new changes in the process due to the fear of job elimination, less confidence in adopting to the new technology, fear of losing the controlling power of the position etc. Employees/Employers will come up with union actions against to the project. 2. Resistance from private sector:Transport service is consisting of both government and private sector regarding the public bus service. To achieve the success point of this re-engineering process private sector also should be participated and controlled by the central system. But problem comes if the private sector disagrees to be participated with the government policies.

3. Public passengers' resistance for the re-engineering process:At the beginning passengers will not understand the benefits which can be gain from the reengineered process. As a result of that general public, especially the old generation will see the reengineering process as a wasteful investment. This can be generate a negative feedback to the government in the process of making the decision to re-engineering. 4. Initial testing steps of the re-engineered process can disrupts the regular system of service:Process of re-engineering needs more testing phases. Testing phases should be done at the place when it comes to a expected level. As this system is highly complex many errors can be happened which can disrupt the regular process in the service. That may be a reason to be developed objection from the public.

5. Changes in political policies:This kind of processes are long time re-engineering processes which would take number of years to complete the whole process. During that time period, changes of national transportation policies can make a great affection on the process. If a new policy is created which negatively affect to the re-engineering process can eliminate the project.

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