Bibliography Secondary Sources (2004): n. page. Print. <http://www.historical-pankration.com/about.html>.

This is a website that explains the ancient ways of MMA and how it really started. It was called Pankration which was wrestling with punches. There were only two rules, one was no biting and the other rule was that there were to be no eye grabbing.

Hall, Chris. (2012): n. page. Print. <http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/7/17/3163999/association-boxing-commissionsabc-changes-unified-rules-scoring-mma-news>. Boxing and MMA are trying to form a set of rules that are similar to the other sport but just enough to be different. For an example they changed the word damage in boxing to effectiveness

"Striking in MMA and boxing the difference between the two." The Fight Week. N.p., 12 2012. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://thefightweek.com/striking-in-mma-and-boxing-the-differencebetween-the-two/>. Boxing and MMA both have striking but there is a huge difference between the two sports. Boxing is a more subtle than MMA.MMA is more of a violent type of striking, Knees, elbows, kicks, and plus it also has grappling.

Wayne, Jake. "Comparison of Boxing Gloves & MMA Type Gloves." Livestrong.com. N.p., 24 2011. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/477972-comparison-ofboxing-gloves-mma-type-gloves/>. There are differences between gloves in MMA and boxing on the padding size and how much there is.

"The Key Difference Between MMA and Boxing."Brutusreport.com. N.p., 14 2011. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://brutusreport.blogspot.com/2011/11/key-differences-between-mma-andboxing.html>. The style of attacking in MMA is largely influenced by martial arts. punching techniques are different from that of boxing - especially if a fighter needs to be watching for kicks and takedown attempts when throwing each punch.

Rossen, Jake. "Boxing and MMA still worlds apart." ESPN Mixed Martial Arts. ESPN, 16 2009. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://sports.espn.go.com/extra/mma/news/story?id=3984114>. Boxing and MMA are similar by having to defeat your opponent but it is easy for fighters in the MMA realm.

"Martial Arts Mix-Up?: Why boxing presents a better product than MMA." Boxing News 24. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.boxingnews24.com/2012/04/martial-arts-mixup-why-boxing-presents-a-better-product-than-mma/>.

UFC bouts feature competitors using four ounce gloves, while boxing matches usually feature gloves weighing eight-to-twelve ounces. The gloves in the UFC are constructed to increase maneuverability for grappling and submissions.

"Martial Arts Mix-Up?: Why boxing presents a better product than MMA." Boxing News 24. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.boxingnews24.com/2012/04/martial-arts-mixup-why-boxing-presents-a-better-product-than-mma/>. MMA has yet to slow down in gaining mainstream popularity. This constant promotion of mediocre fighters is part of the reason the UFC is able to churn out so many fights.

Roosc, . "Fight of the night.com." Fight of the night.com. (2012): n. page. Print. <http://www.fightofthenight.com/news/ufc-156-superbowl-weekend-show-to-beheadlined-by-jose-aldo-vs-frankie-edgar/>. One of the best fighters of the featherweight division will be fighting the former lightweight champion. This type of fight is called a superfight, these types of things don't happen in boxing since there is so many divisions and weight classes.

Lindenman, Barry. "Boxing insider." Boxing insider. (2012): n. page. Print. <http://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/mma-vs-boxing-a-judges-perspective/>. The sport of mixed martial arts is a much more diverse and complex sport to judge accurately.MMA is the more elaborate and complicated of the combat sports to judge.

Saks, Greg. "Complete Pulse." Complete Pulse. (2008): n. page. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. <http://blog.compete.com/2008/10/06/mma-boxing-ufc-yahoo-kimbo-slice/>. More people are starting to watch MMA than boxing. MMA is becoming more common and is on the rise for the number of people researching about them.

Bearak, Barry. "A Toehold In the Mainstream." The New York Times. The New York Times, 12 Nov. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/12/sports/ultimatefighting-championship-comes-of-age-financially.html?pagewanted=all>. In the beginning, the Ultimate Fighting Championship was a bunch of guys that believed that there martial art was better, so they wanted to see who was, it had just a little

business but not a lot. Now it is worth a billion dollars or more, and has millions of people watching it from across the world.

"Rules and Regulations - Unified Rules and Other MMA Regulations." Rules and Regulations Unified Rules and Other MMA Regulations. Ultimate Fighting Championship, n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations>. This website explains the rules and regulations in mixed martial arts. These rules are for most mixed martial art fights, including Ultimate fighting championship, World extreme championship and etc.

Juul, Matt. "Ronda Rousey and the 7 Most Important Women in MMA History." Bleacher Report. N.p., 31 July 2012. Web. 31 Nov. 2012.

<http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1279168-ronda-rousey-and-the-7-most-importantwomen-in-mma-history>. This article explains that women are important in MMA, too. MMA has become a sport that both men and women participate in.

"Women Boxing: Then and Now." Women Boxing: Then and Now. Women Boxing Archive Network, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.womenboxing.com/women1.htm>. Women in the sport of boxing and MMA are very similar. They both have important roles as making the sport bigger. Men are not the only ones who have the greatest knockouts or the hardest hits.

"The Sport - Learn About MMA and the UFC." The Sport. UFC.com, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport>. The full contact sport of Vale tudo, dtarted in Brazil. Then the UFC started in the United States, it had minimal amount of rules, promoted for a competiton.

History." History. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. <http://www.pankration.gr/history.htm>. PANKRATION is a MARTIAL ART that traces back to ancient times. These battles had been held more than 3,000 years.

"How to Begin Mixed Martial Arts." WikiHow. N.p., 3 Dec. 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.wikihow.com/Begin-Mixed-Martial-Arts>.

I found a website explaining on how to begin Mixed Martial Arts, And what it mostly consists of. It also explains how to find place to train at in the city

"Jiu Jitsu Techniques." Brazilian for MMA. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.themixed-martial-arts-of-mma.com/Jiu-Jitsu-Techniques.html>. Here are some of the main techniques used in Brazilian Jiu jitsu for when one is fighting against an opponent.

Kutzner, Damian. "The Truth About MMA Fighter Salaries." N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/The-Truth-About-Mma-Fighter-Salaries/719478>. Some fighters only fight once or twice a year. So what they earn can be their annual earnings or 50% of annual earnings.

Gray, Will. "Comparison between UFC and Boxing Pay Per View Buys." MMA Valor. N.p., 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://mmavalor.com/2011/09/15/comparison-betweenufc-and-boxing-pay-per-view-buys/>. In 2011, UFC ppv buys have averaged for non-championship bouts at 302,500 units sold and the average for championship bouts are 494,200 units.

"UFC Martial Arts Styles - Fighters Train in Multiple Disciplines." UFC Martial Arts Styles. Ufc.com, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ufc.com/discover/fighter/martialArtsStyles>.

This article describes the most common types of martial arts that are trained and used in the MMA. It also explains some of the history behind the martial art.

Weber, Mark. "Boxing vs MMA 5 Things Boxing Can Learn from UFC." Fight Saga. N.p., 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.fightsaga.com/news/item/2561-Boxing-vsMMA-5-Things-Boxing-Could-Learn-from-UFC>. The UFC has learned things from mistakes that the boxing community has made. This helps the UFC by giving the fans more control in what they want to happen and how it should happen.

Holland, Jesse. "All in the Numbers: UFC vs. Boxing Salaries." MMA Mania. N.p., 30 Apr. 2008. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <http://www.mmamania.com/2008/04/30/all-in-the-numbersufc-vs-boxing-salaries/>. At the UFC show the lowest amount paid was 4,000 dollars compared to boxing lowest amount paid was 1,500. But Pacquiao made more than a million on that same night.

"UFC FIGHTING ONLINE." UFC Fighting News & Articles. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ufcfightingonline.com/ufc-articles.php>. This web article explains one of the best matches in the history of the UFC. It may be a controversial match, that explains why they made specific rules. "What's Wrong with the UFC? How Fox Deal Spawned a Diluted Product." SI.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/loretta_hunt/10/25/ufc-fox-dealstruggle/index.html>.

This website explains that the UFC is getting bigger and trying to promote itself. Fox and the UFC have a partnership starting. "Mixed Martial Arts - How UFC Reacts to Doper Bonnar Is Critical." Yahoo! Eurosport UK. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. <http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/mixed-martial-artsufc-reacts-doper-bonnar-critical-035513098.html>. The UFC doesnt tolerate the use of drugs, in anyway. They will give you a suspension if you get caught.

Bibliography Primary Sources

Boxing Technique. 2004. historical pankration projectWeb. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.historicalpankration.com/archive_item.html?archiveid=1002>. In the Image A we see the fighter on the top striking downward with a hammerfist style blow on his semi-downed opponent who is then lifting the finger of submission. The striker is entering deeply with the overhand strike which is naturally setting up the next move of a grapple or clinch or more likely another strike as we can see from his rear hand held back. The position suggests that the fighter on the left has just leapt up in the air to come landing down upon his opponent with the Hammer fist and in close range with preparation to grapple. This raising up on the toes to strike or leap to strike is very characteristic of the Pankration and Ancient Greek Boxing style.

Punching. 2004. Historical-pankration ProjectWeb. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.historicalpankration.com/archive_item.html?archiveid=1007>. In Image B we see straight vertical fisted punching with perhaps even some more sophisticated parrying going on. The shoulder of the punching arm is thrust forward with the punch with both fighters showing they clearly understood the mechanics of power in punching.

Rabbit Punch with Head Control. 2004. Historical-pankration ProjectWeb. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.historical-pankration.com/archive_item.html?archiveid=1034>.

In Image H the fighter on the left is using some sort of head control hold with his shoulder turned into the opponent to set up some punches.

."Ground fighting in Pankration ." Historical-pankration Project. N.p.. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.historical-pankration.com/article-8.html>. This is an excellent detailed description of the Rear Naked Choke including proper placement of the hooks(feet)

UFC 118 post James Toney vs Randy Couture (Exclusive). 2010. Film. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqSwhiQn970&feature=related>. Boxing vs. MMA are two separate levels of competing. James Toney was a great boxer especially of his time. But he assumed that boxing was superior to MMA but it is not . Since MMA has grappling also, Randy Couture took Toney to the ground and beat him up

Breakdown with Bas - Freddie Roach and Andre Ward. 2012. Film. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVFQH_6wYdA>. There is a difference in the movements, for and example in MMA fighters are usually slanted to be able to absorb kicks. But how the fighter stands when competing in boxing is more squared to their opponent.

Hunt, Loretta. "Voluntary drug testing elicits varied responses from fighters." . SI.com, 31 2012. Web. 1 Nov 2012. <http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/loretta_hunt/10/31/vada/index.html?sct=m ma_t11_a0>. Drug testing is a huge controversy is all sports, especially when someone is doing well for a long time. People will accuse the fighter that they are doing performance enhancing drugs.

BJ Penns Vicious Leg Kick Cuts Diego Sanchez . 2009. Total Pro Sport.comWeb. 1 Nov 2012. <http://www.totalprosports.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Diego-Sanchez595x396.jpg>. Pictures reveal that fighting can get intense, with massive blows causing blood to be shed sometimes. This is a picture of Bj Penn when he kicked Diego Sanchez in the head causing a cut in his temple region, which started to bleed everywhere.

"Ancient Olympic Events." Ancient Olympic Events. n. page. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/pankration.html>. Like boxing and wrestling, among others, this event had separate divisions for both men and boys.Punches were allowed, although the fighters did not wrap their hands with the boxing himantes.

"Carano v. Cyborg afterfight." MMA Convert. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <www.mmaconvert.com/wp-content/uploads/post-images/carano_cyborg_fight.jpg>.

This is a picture showing Cyborg punching Carano in the face. Some women may look like they cannot fight but people are surprised on how much they can. At 140 pounds of muscle, the women of the sport can hit just as hard as the men.

"MMA technique." Picture. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <35. http://universalmma.com/files/2012/04/3591266_orig.jpg This is a picture of some techniques used in Mixed Martial Arts. The most common techniques that are shown are flashy and if one lands the blow properly then people usually cheer.

Karate." Ikigaiway. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <www.ikigaiway.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/03/teaching_kids_k This is a picture showing that martials have changed since the start of Mixed Martial Arts. Everyone and their moms want to learn how to fight, so the increase of martial arts has risen significantly.

"MMAjunkie.com UFC on FOX 4 salaries: Rua, Machida top event's $963,000 payroll | News." MMAjunkie.com UFC blog for UFC news, UFC rumors, fighter interviews and event previews/recaps. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://mmajunkie.com/news/30101/ufc-on-fox-4-salaries-rua-machida-top-events963000-payroll>.

This article shows the amount that each fighter earns that fought on the last fight card. The amount paid to the athletes are different upon the fight experience and upon how great the fight was. "Toney v. Couture." Bleacher Report. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. <cdn.bleacherreport.net/images_root/images/photos/001/131/997/CoutureVsToney_crop _340x234.jpg?1297274742>. The face up between boxing legend and one the greatest mma light heavyweights. The boxer James toney loses to Randy Couture in the first round.

"Fight Pictures." Penn v. Stevenson. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. http://mrsunshinevegas.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/ufc80_bloody_stevenson3.jpg This is a picture from Penn v. Stevenson fight. It is known as one of the most bloody fights in the history of the UFC.