uGefysLwm*sme,f 2008 ckEpS ?f arv?

trSwf 171

rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg; 66 New Products

91 jrefrmuGefysLwmowif;ESifh rSwfpk
Digital Camera Memory Card rdwq
f uf
16 'pf*spw f ,fuifr&m\ ykaH zmfEidk rf I mega pixel
Mu;D rm;av yk\ H resolution ykrd sm;av jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmtufaq;
okjYd zpfí ¤if;twGuf okad vSmifEidk rf I capacity
rsm;aom memory card ukd vkt d yfygvrd rhf nf/ 48 uReaf wmfEiS hf spam rsm; okrYd [kwf
Cyber World eJY rqkid w
f hJ uReaf wmf
yDpt
D qifhjri§ hw
f yfqifyHk cifAsm; uGeyf sLwmrSm cifAsm; rvdck siw f ?hJ
cifAsm;eJY rqkid wf phJ m 0ifvm&if cifAsm;
vuf&dS tqift h wef;0if yDptD opfwpfv;Hk ukd
bmvkyrf vJ/ jrefrmyDyyD gy/J zwfMunfv h u dk f
0,f,zl Ydk aiGaMu;tiftm;enf;yg;aeao;w,f
52 qk&d if rdrvd uf&dS yDpu D dk txdu
k af vsmuf
yg/ aemufrS zsuyf pfvu dk af yg/h bmta&;vJ/
uReaf wmfawmh 'Dvykd J ,lqxm;ygw,f/
tqifjh ri§ zhf aYdk wmh vkyMf u&awmhrmS jzpfw,f/ yDpD
uReaf wmfwt Ykd zdYk at;aq;ygy/J E-mail
tpdwt f ykid ;f awG qkw d mxuf
qdwk mvnf;Asm rdom;pkupd eö YJ tvkyu f pd ö
[mh'0f t J opfawGudk tqifh jri§ w hf if
tenf;tyg; yJ&w dS m? usew f mawGu
vJv, S w f yfqifwmvkYd qk&d rSm jzpfw,f/
cifAsm;wd?Yk uReaf wmfwYkd aqmhzaYkd vmufyJ
uGeyf sLwmudk toH;k jyKMuwmyJ r[kwv f m;/
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

108 vufawGt
U ok;H cs Window XP & Vista
Windows udak wmh vH;k 0 pGv J rf;oGm;jyv D Ykd wcsKaUd wGu
ajymMuw,f/ ajymomajymvdu k w
f ,f/ Feature awGeYJ
function awGukd pHpk akH phaph toH;k rcs jzpfao;wmrsK;d
&SEd ikd w
f ,f/

96 uGefysLwmowif;ESifh rSwfpk
101 Adobe \ Web Design Program topfrsm;
uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
rsupf yd om' tuGet Yf nGeaYf wG xnhjf y;D rdr&d UJ Web page
tay:rmS qGJ aqmifr&I v dS matmif vkycf sio f al wGtae eJY
fade out, shrink, grow, shake an image 'grrS [kwf 134 Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
wjcm; page content awGukd spry effects oH;k jy;D
vkyaf qmifEidk w
f ,f/ 137 pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem

108 pdwf0ifpm;zG,f 0ufbfqkduftñTef; 141 0if;'dk;pfApfpwm ed'gef;

114 Knowledge 1000 146 Premiere Tutorial

123 uGefysLwm tbd"mef 150 Office 2007

157 PhotoshopTutorial

160 uGefysLwmtar;tajz
REVIEW
127 Sim 3
172 Java Developer Guide

EDITOR
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)

CONTRIBUTORS
OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;?
pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf;(txuf)? &efukef/
zkef;- 01-387305/
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
enf;ynm toGifESifhtjrif

uGefysLwmawGukd ajymif;vJypfr,fh
zvuf&Sfenf;ynm
uRefawmf aocsmayguf wGufxm;wJh tcsdefxufawmh ydkMumoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh yxrtMudrf ay:xGufvmwJh
uGefysLwmawGqkdwmawmh trSefyJ/ uRefawmf tJ'D uGefysLwmawGeJY tvkyf½Iyf aew,f/ xl;jcm;wmu [mh'f'pfrygwJh
uGefysLwmawG jzpfaejcif;yJ/

a&S;oa&mtcgwkef;qDu *avmif*vif jrnfoHay;wJh vmwJh tcsuEf pS cf su&f w dS ,f/ Flash Memory awG[m tcsuf
Floppy-disk tajccH uGefysLwmawGeJY rwlbl;/ ajymif;vG,f tvufawGukd a&;zwf vkyEf ikd w f m tMudrt f a&twGuf tuefY
jyifv, G wf hJ hard-disk topfawG wyfqifxm;wJh jrefEeI ;f jrifh towf&Sdw,f/ orm;½kd;us [mh'f'pfawGvdk tuefYtowfr&Sd
Laptop awGjzpfw,f/ wu,fawmh tJ'gawGu hard disk rvkyEf ikd b
f ;l / aemufwpfcu k bmyJajymajym orm;½k;d us [mh'f
tppfawG r[kwfbl;/ uGefysLwmawGrSm wpfavQmufvkH; okH; 'pfawGxufawmh aps;MuD;aeao;w,f/ tckawmifrS Flash
vmwJh [mh''f pfawGae&mukd tpm;xd;k ok;H vmwJh Solid - State Memory &JU ukeu f sp&dwu f oHvu dk "f mwfjym;i,feYJ pkaqmif;
Drive (SSD) awGyJ jzpfw,f/ odkavSmif pkaqmif;a&;rSm okdavSmifrIxuf Megabyte EIef; ydkjrifhrm;aeqJ jzpfw,f/
bk&ifwpfqltjzpf umvMum&SnfpGm pdk;rdk;vmwJh hard drive 'gayr,fh cspfyfwefzkd;awGu tpm;xkd; 0ifa&mufay;vdrhfr,f/
awG&UJ pGr;f aqmif&nfukd pdeaf c:vmwJh SSD awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ qDrD;uGef'wfwmawGukd aumif;oxuf aumif;atmif jyKjyif
SSD qk d w m Flash memory jcif;eJY cspfyfwkdif;rSm a'wmawGudk aocsmayguf xnhfay;
enf;ynm tay:rSm tajccH Ekid w
f hJ aqmhz0f J xyfaqmif; xnhaf y;
wnfaqmufxm;whJt&m jcif;u odyf tajymif;tvJ
jzpf w ,f / vuf & S d r S m r&Sdao;bl;/ jyefvnf
USB memory awG a&;om;EkdifrIudk uefY
tjzpf us,f j yef Y pG m owfcsufawG&adS ewm
toH k ; jyKaeMuwmud k aMumif h tJ ' D v k d
awGU&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tajymif;tvJ jyK½Hrk QeYJ
aumif;rGefwJh hard yJ t ajc t ae udk
drive wki d ;f rSm 7,200 trsm;MuD; wkd;wufrI
rpm vnfywfEIef; &Sdatmif xkwfvkyfEkdifcJh
&SdwJh oHvkduf "mwf wmawmh trSefyJ/
jym;i,fxJrSm a' uGefysLwm toHk;jyK
wmawGudk odkavSmif ol ½Iaxmifhu Munhf&ifawmh
xm;w,f / tJ ' D v k d od k Flash qDu tusKd;tjrwfawGxJrSm ydkrdkMuD;
avSmifwJh ae&mrSm SSD u wpfrsKd;qef;w,f/ olYrSm vIyf&Sm; rm;wJh pdwfcs,HkMunfrI &&Sda&;? pGrf;tm;oHk;pGJ&EIef; avsmhus
Edik w
f hJ tpdwt f ydik ;f awG rygbl;/ cspfyf (chip) vufwpfqyk pf m vma&;? vkyif ef; ydrk jkd refqefvma&;wkYd yg0ifaevdrrfh ,f/ SSD
avmufudkom tajccHjyK toHk;jyKxm;w,f/ Flash [m ESpf ukd ajymif;vJ toHk;jyKjcif;[m laptop awG&JU 'DZdkif;yHkpHudk
aygif;rsm;pGmMum wnfwHhvmcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh xkvdkufxnf ao;i,foxuf ao;i,fatmif pGr;f aqmifEikd v f rd rfh ,f/ 'gu
vkduf pkaqmif; odkavSmif&mrSm olYukd toHk;jyKa&;udk [efYwm; ab;xGuftusKd;tjrwfawG jzpfygw,f/ Flash memory

ar 2008 13
jzwfoef;a&;twGuf enf;ynm aygif;ul;wHwm;[m cspfyf
wefzkd;awG jzpfvdrhfr,f/ rkdbkdif;vfzkef;? wl&d,mypönf;awGeJY
tjcm; vufuikd u f &d ,
d mawG&UJ pkaqmif; okad vSmifEidk pf rG ;f awGukd
tm;jznhfay;Muvdrfhr,f/
avmavmq,fawmh Flash csOf;uyfrItay: xif&Sm;wJh
wkHYjyefcsufawG tenf;trsm; &SdaeMuw,f/ 32 giga-byte
drive wpfck&JY wefzdk;u rao;bl;? a':vm 200 em; uyfae
ao;w,f/ SSD awG pGrf;&nfydkaumif;zdkY vdktyfjyD; us,f
us,fjyefYjyefY toH;k jyKEkid af &;twGuf aps;EIe;f csKdoxuf csKdom
zdkYawmh vdktyfw,f/
uRefawmfu SSD wpfpHkwyf Laptop awG jzpfay:a&;
twGuf tm;xkwf MudK;yrf;cJhw,f/ wpfckuawmh 32GB
SanDisk SSD wyfqifxm;wJh Dell Latitude D420 Note-
book ygyJ/ aygufaps;u a':vm 450 jzpfvdrfhr,f/ aemuf
wpfckuawmh a&SUajy; yHkpH odyfonf;rIEIef;avsmhwJh Note-
book Samsung yJ/ uRefawmfhtwGufawmh tvkyfjzpfw,f/
olYu, dk yf idk f 32GB SSD wpfcek YJ arS;jyD; aqmif&u G vf Ykd &w,f/
tJ'D Notebook ESpfrsKd;pvHk;[m Windows XP eJY
tvkyv f yk af eqJ jzpfw,f/ tawmfMuD; tvkyjf zpfwmudk awGU&
w,f/ txl;ojzifh vsifjrefEIef; ydkw,f/ rqkdpavmuf buf
x&Dtm;eJY toHk;jyKvdkY &w,f/ 15 rdepf? rdepf 20 tm;oGif;
xm;wJh bufx&DeJYawmifrS toHk;jyKEkdifw,f/ cufwmu tydk
xyfaqmif;&r,fh ukefusp&dwfudk uRefawmf aocsmayguf
rajymEkdifjcif;yJ/ SanDisk SSD drive wpfck yg&SdwJh Dell
ATG uJo h Ykdaom PC xJu pufrpI rG ;f &nft& txdrcHwhJ Hard
Drive udk z,fxw k yf pfEidk &f if tusK;d tjrwf&w
dS muawmh t&Si;f
MuD;yJ/
SSD awG aps;aygoxuf aygvmjyD; vufawGY toHk;
rsm;oxuf rsm;vmatmif uRefawmfu apmifhqkdif;aewkef;
rSmyJ flash tajccH pkaqmif; okdavSmifjcif;[m tjcm;enf;
vrf;awGeJY uGefysLwmykHpH 'DZdkif;awGudk ajymif;vJypfvdrfhr,f/
pmzwfolokdY
uGefysLwm*sme,fwGif azmfjyyg&Sdonfh uGefysLwmoifcef;pmrsm;? uGefysLwmtar;tajzrsm;ukd
tifwmeufwGif rMumrD oD;jcm; wifjyay;ygrnf/ ESpfpOfaMu;jzifh 0ifa&mufMunfh½IEdkif&ef
pDpOfxm;ygonf/ uGefysLwmqdkif&m odvdkaom tcsufrsm;ukd 0ifa&muf ar;jref;Edkifovdk
tjcm;qufpyftajzrsm;ukdvnf; avhvmMunfh½IEdkifygrnf/ uGefysLwm*sme,f ESpfpOfaMu;ay;oGif;
zwf½Iolrsm;twGuf 3 v tcrJh 0ifa&muf Munfh½IcGifh ay;ygrnf/
14 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Windows Vista u rsKd;pyf pkaqmif;odkavSmifa&;pepfudk
toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;w,f/ rsKd;pyf pkaqmif;okdavSmifa&; qkd
wmu yifrrSwfÓPf Disk odkavSmifa&;pepfxJrSm Flash
udk aygif;pyfxm;jcif; jzpfw,f/ Hard Disk u owif;tcsuf
tvufawGukd toH;k jyK aqmif&u G jf cif; rjyKEkid w
f hJ tcduk tf wefY
rSm Flash memory twGif;ukd a'wmeJY oauFw tcsufjy
(code) awGudk 0ifcGifhjyKw,f/ 'gaMumifh vkyfief;udk vsifjref
apvdrfhr,f/ Disk vnfywfru I kd tMudrf ta&twGut f m;jzifh
avQmch say;Ekid w f maMumifh pGr;f tiftoH;k jyKrIukd avQmch sEidk w f ,f/
rsKd;pyfpak qmif; okad vSmifa&;udk toH;k jyKwJh pepfawG us,fjyefY
vmvdrfhr,f/ wpfrsKd;aumif; oHk;pGJrIawG usqif;vmvdrhfr,f/
rSwÓ f Pfenf;wJh uGeyf sLwmawGtwGuf rsKd;pyfrw S Ó f Pf
pkaqmif; zGJUpnf;ay;zdkYtwGufvnf; Vista u urf;vSrf;vdrhf
r,f/ Ready Boost vdkYac:wJh tpDtpOfjzifh y½dk*&rfawG
odYk r[kwf a'wmawGukd ,m,D pkaqmif;okad vSmifay;wJh USB
Memory awGxu J vGwaf ewJh ae&mawGrmS toH;k csvrd rhf ,f/
'gayr,fh wu,fh SSD tppf odkYr[kwf rsKd;pyf toHk;jyK
ajz&Sif;jcif;avmufawmh vsifjrefrI r&Sdavmufbl;/ vkyfief;
tqifajy acsmarGUa&;twGuaf wmh taxmuftul jyKvdrrhf ,f/
2008 ckEpS x f rJ mS yJ rsK;d pyftoH;k jyK ajz&Si;f jcif;qkid &f m enf;
pepftcsKdUudk uGefysLwmtopfawGu toHk;jyKvdrfhr,f/ pGrf;
tifeJY rSwfÓPfaumif;awG &&Sda&;udk qmavmifaewJh Vista
&JU iwfrw G af erIukd Akud tf ifo h mG ;atmif tultnDay;vdrrhf ,f/
wu,fh SSD tppfawGuawmh olYukefusp&dwf MuD;rm;rI
aMumifh yifr aps;uGufpD;aMumif;xJ arsmvmzdkY tcsdefapmifh&
vdrfhOD;r,f/ 'gayr,fh wu,fh tvkyfvkyfEkdifpGrf;&SdwJh ud&d,m
yJ/ Laptop awGeJY vufudkifud&d,mawGudk ao;i,foxuf
ao;i,fatmif vkyfEkdifr,fh enf;ynmawGudk 'DZdkifemawG &&Sd
Edkifwmuawmh aocsmw,f/
cif a rmif a Zmf
Ref: Business Week
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

DIGITAL CAMERA
MEMORY CARD rdwq
f uf
wpfcsed u
f zvifo;kH uifr&mrsm;udk oH;k cJMh u&m
zvif taMumif;udk txdu
k t
f avsmuf em;vnfco
Jh nf/
120 rDvrD w
D m t&G,f zvifro
S nf 35 rDvrD w
D m
zvifvyd rf sm;udk oH;k cJ&h onf/ zvif trsK;d tpm; rsm;pGm
r&dcS o
hJ vdk zvifwnfaqmufr?I oH;k pGrJ I ponf
tajccH tcsurf sm;onfvnf; ruGmjcm;cJyh g/

16 uGefysLwm*sme,f

,cktcg zvifo;kH uifr&mrsm;tpm; 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mrsm;u tvHk;t&if;ESifh tpm;xdk;
0ifa&mufaeMujyD jzpfonf/ zviftpm; tvGef
yg;vTmí t&G,fi,fi,f cspfpfjym;av;rsm;udk
toHk;jyKvmMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk memory card
[k tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh ac:qdEk ikd o
f nf/ odYk jzpfí
'pf*spfw,f uifr&mtaMumif;udk odxm;oifh
ouJhodkY ¤if;wGif oHk;aom memory card rsm;
taMumif;udkvnf; odxm;oifhygonf/
Memory card trsKd;tpm;rsm;pGm &dSaeyg
onf/ odkYjzpfí 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m r0,frD
rnfonfh memory card trsKd;tpm;udk oHk;oifh
onfudk odxm;&ygrnf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh me-
mory card trsKd ; tpm;rsm;taMumif ; ud k
odxm;jcif;onf uifr&morm;rsm;? "mwfyHk
vkyfief;rsm;twGuf taxmuftul jzpfygvdrfh
rnf/
'pf*spw f ,fuifr&m ed'ge;f
'pf*spfw,fuifr&mtjzpf 1986 ckESpfwGif
Nikon uifr&mukrP Ü uD pwifxw k vf yk cf o
hJ nf/
¤if;onf Nikon SVC trsK;d tpm;jzpfjyD; xdpk Ofu
yHkrsm;udk diskette ESifh odrf;cJhygonf/ ¤if;ukd
erlemtjzpfom jyEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Sony rS
xkwv f yk o
f nfh Sony Mavica uifr&mwGiv
1990 jynfhESpf aemufydkif;umvrsm;txd 3/5-
inch diskette csyr f sm;udk oH;k cJah Mumif; awGUcJ&h yg
onf/ tcsKdU uifr&mrsm;wGif 3.5 vufrt&G,f
CD-ROM csyfrsm;udk oHk;Muonf/
1991 ckEpS w f iG f Kodak ukrP Ü rD S vufawGU
toH;k jyKEdik cf o
hJ nfh Kodak DCS-100 trsK;d tpm;
'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mudk
xkwfvkyfcJh
onf / od k
avS m if o nf h
storage onf
oD ; jcm;jzpf í
aub,f M ud K ;
ESifh qufoG,f
xm;&ygonf/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Storage tjzpf 3.5
vufrt&G,f pD'DoHk;
uifr&m Kodak DCS-200 trsKd;tpm;wGif storage udk
uifr&mxJü xnfhxm;EdkifcJhaomfvnf; ae&m
0ifqrhH I tvGeef nf;onf/ uifr&mwpfv;kH wefz;kd
onf a':vm oHk;aomif;jzpfjyD; yHk t&nftaoG;
onfvnf; 500,000 pixel xuf rydkí "mwfyHk
rsm;onf zvifoHk;uifr&mrsm;\ t&nftaoG;
udk rausmfEikd cf yhJ g/ ESpt
f wefMum taysmfwrf;oH;k
uifr&mrsm;tjzpfom &dScJhygonf/ 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&monf zvifoHk;uifr&mrsm;\ ½kyfxGuf
udk rnfodkYrQ vdkufrDvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ,lqcJhMu
ygonf/
f nf;
MEMORY CARD ed'ge;f
Flash memory enf;ynmudk 1984 ckESpf
wGif *syefEdkifiH tajcpdkuf wdk&DSbmukrÜPDrS Dr.
Fujio Masuoka u wDxGifcJhonf/ 'Flash'
[laom pum;vHk;udk Fujio Masuoka \ vkyf
azmfudkifzufwpfOD;jzpfol Shoji Ariizumi u
ay;cJhjyD; ¤if;onf tcsuftvufrsm;udk jyefzsuf
Edik af omaMumifh uifr&moH;k vQyw f pfjyuf rD;a&mif
ESifh EdIif;,SOfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ Dr.
Fujio Masuoka onf tqdkyg enf;ynmudk
1984 ckESpf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk qefz&ef
ppöudkjrdKUü usif;ycJhonfh International Elect-
ron Devices Meeting wGif wifjycJh&mrS Intel
ukrÜPDrS pdwf0ifpm;um ¤if;enf;ynmudk &,lcJh
jyD; 1988 ckESpfwGif NOR type flash chip
tjzpf pwif xkwfvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
ar? 2008 17
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
1989 ckESpfwGif wdk&DSbmukrÜPDrS NAND
flash memory trsK;d tpm;udk xyfrH wDxi G cf u
hJ m
memory card tjzpf pwifo;kH cJMh uonf/ yxr
qHk; toHk;jyKcJhonfh memory card trsKd;tpm;
onf SmartMedia jzpfí ¤if;rS qufvufum
MultiMedia card, Secure Digital, Memory
Stick, xD-Picture card ponf trsK;d tpm;rsm;
udk wDxGiftoHk;jyKvmMujcif; jzpfonf/
SmartMedia udk xkdpOfu SolidState
Floppy Disk card [lí ac:cJMh uonf/ tb,f
aMumifq
h akd omf 3.5 vufr Floppy Disk t&G,f
jzpfí ¤if; Floppy Disk rsm;udk tpm;xdk; oHk;pGJ
&ef &nf&G,fcJhjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
vuf a wG U tm;jzif h 1998 ck E S p f a &muf r S o m
uifr&mrsm;wGif pwif toHk;jyKcJhonf[k rSwf
wrf;rsm;wGif awGU&onf/ yxrqHk; oHk;cJhonfh
uifr&monf FUJI In-Printer Camera jzpfí
¤if;wGif y&ifwmvnf; yg0ifonf/
'pf*spw f ,f uifr&m tvkyv f yk yf kH
zvifoHk; uifr&mrsm;wGif zvifay:wGif
okwfvdrf;xm;onfh "mwkaq;&nfrsm;onf
jrifuGif;rS 0ifa&mufvmaom tvif;ESifh awGUxd
NyD; "mwfjyKrIjzpfpOfjzifh odrf;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
¤if;zvifrS "mwfyHktjzpf ul;ajymif; xkwf,l&m
rSmvnf; "mwfjyKrIjzpfpOft& yHkudk azmfxkwfay;
jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY
wGif zvifay:wGif okwf
vd r f ; xm;aom "mwk
aq;&nf\ txl? tyg;
ponfh t&nftaoG;udk
]*&drf} (grain) [laom
pum;vHk;udk oHk;cJhjyD;
pixels [lí r&dy S g/ wpf
enf;tm;jzifh "mwktrIef
tpufrsm;udk tajccHjyD;
"mwfyHk[lí jzpfvmcJhyg
onf/ odYkjzpfí yHak umif;
wpfy&kH zdYk &m zvif trsKd;
tpm;? uifr&m trsKd;
tpm;ES i f h "mwf y H k u l ;
18 uGefysLwm*sme,f
]
'pf*spfw,f
uifr&m\
yHkazmfEdkifrI mega
pixels Mu;D rm;av
yH\
k resolution onfh puúLom; trsKd;tpm;rsm;tay:wGifvnf;
rlwnfygonf/
ydkrsm;avjzpfonf/
odkYjzpfí CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD)
'pf*spwf ,fuifr&monf zvifo;kH uifr&m
¤if;twGuf rsm;ESifhrjcm; yHko@mef'DZdkif; wlMuaomfvnf;
odkavSmifEdkifrI tvkyfvkyfyHk uGm;jcm;onf/ uifr&mcvkwfudk
EdSyfvkdufonfESifh tvif;0ifayguf (aperture)
(capacity)
yGifhoGm;um rSefbDvl;rSwpfqifh jrifuGif;\
rsm;aom memory tvif;a&mifonf 0ifvmonf/ ¤if; 0ifvm
aom tvif;a&mifjcnfudk charge-coupled
card udk device (CCD) [kac:aom sensor ud&d,m
vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/ odkYr[kwf cspfyfu tDvufx&Gefrsm;tjzpf
ajymif;vJay;vdu k o f nf/ ¤if; CCD udk rSeb
f v
D ;l
} \ aemufwGif wyfqifxm;onf/ odkYjzpfí
CCD onf 'pf*spw f ,fuifr&m\ t"duypön;f
wpfckjzpfjyD; ¤if;wGif tvGefao;i,faom
tvif;tm½HkcH ypönf;av;rsm;ESifh tuGufazmf
wnfaqmufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg qJvf
uGufav;rsm;onf pixels yif jzpfonf/ CCD
wGif pixels ydkrsm;onfh uifr&monf aumif;
onf odYk r[kwf megapixels jrifah vyH\ k reso-
lution jrifhrm;av[k owfrSwfEdkifonf/ wpf
enf;tm;jzifh 'pf*spw f ,fuifr&mrsm;udk aMumfjim
&mwGif megapixels (millions of pixels) rnfrQ
&dSonf[k a&;om;Mujcif; jzpfonf/ 6 mega-
pixels trsK;d tpm; uifr&m\ CCD wGif pixels
aygif; 6 oef; yg0ifonf/ ¤if; CCD cspfyfwGif
tvif; tm½HkcHqJvfrsm;udk 3000x2000 = 6
million EIe;f jzifh xnfoh iG ;f wnfaqmufxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
"mwfyHk½dkuf,l&mwGif jrifuGif;\ yHk&dyf
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
twd k i f ; tvif ; PIXEL qdo
k nfrmS
a&mifu CCD cspyf f Pixel onf picture element udk qdkvdk
ud k xd r d u m ¤if ; onf/ tcsKdUu 'Pel' [lí oHk;jyD; 'picture'
CCD \ pixels [lívnf; a&;Muygonf/ ¤if;onf 'pf*spfw,f
rsm;wGif yHkazmfvdkuf yHk&dyfrsm;? uGefysLwmudk toHk;jyKxm;onfh
onf/ t qdk yg pmom;? *&yfzpfrsm;ESihf yHrk sm;? puúLay:wGif y&ifh
yHkazmf xm; onfh xkwfxm;onfhyHkrsm; ponfwdkYwGif tao;i,f
tDvuf x&Gef epf qHk;? tajccHtusqHk;aom av;axmifhyHk tpuf
tcsuftvufrsm; av; wpfpufom jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
udk uifr&mxJ&dS odk pixel ud k yH k w pf y H k & d S tpuf i ,f od k Y r [k w f
avSmifypönf; me- av;axmifyh kH twH;k uav;tjzpf rSw, f El ikd o
f nf/
mory card (chip) tqdkyg (pixels) tpufaygif; odef;? oef; ta&
od k Y quf v uf y d k Y CCD cspyf u
f dk twGuf pkaygif;um 'pf*spfw,f yHkwpfyHktjzpf
um odrf;qnf;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ oef&Y iS ;f ay;ykH yDjyifatmif azmfaqmifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ Pixel
ta&twGuef nf;vQif yHw k iG f av;axmifo h P²mef
SLR (SINGLE-LENS-REFLEX) yHk&dyfrsm;? tpuftajymufrsm; jzpfaewwfNyD;
SLR qdkonfrSm uifr&m\ wpfckwnf; pixel ta&twGuf rsm;onfESifhtrQ uspfvspf
aom rSefcGuf (lens) udk jrifuGif;wGif csdefnd§jcif;
ESifh "mwfyHk½dkuf,ljcif;wdkYwGif wpfNydKifwnf; oHk;
xm;onfh pepfudk qdkvdkygonf/ 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;rSm tqdyk g SLR pepfygonft h wGuf
rdrd ½du
k ,
f v
l akd om jrifuiG ;f udk uifr&m\ LCD
wGif jrifae&NyD; cvkwEf ySd f ½duk v f u kd of nfh yHo
k nf
vnf; rdrd csdefnd§xm;onfh jrifuGif;twdkif; jzpf
aeapygonf/ ¤if;onf rSefcGuf (lens) rS
tvif;a&mif jzwfoef;0ifaecsdefü rSefwpfcsyfESifh
Mum;cH,lum xkyHk tvif;jzmrSef (prism) u
wpfqifh a&mifjyef[yfapNyD; jrifuGif; LCD wGif
ay:aejcif; jzpfonf/ "mwfykH ½du k o f ul cvkwu f kd
EdSyfvdkufonfESifh ¤if;Mum;cHrSefcsyfudk uifr&m
twGif;rS py&ifu tvdktavsmuf qGJz,fvdkuf
onf/ þodkYjzifh csdefxm;onfh tvif;onf
rS e f c G u f (lens) rS
wpfqifh CCD udk jzwf
oef;NyD; 'pf*spfw,f aooyfaom yHkaumif;wpfyHkudk jzpfapygonf/
odkavSmif rSwf ¤if;onf resolution udk wdkif;wmjcif;vnf;
ÓPf ypö n f ; jzpfonf/
memory 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;wGif jrifuGif;
card wGif yHk
wpfckckudk ½dkuf,lvQif mega pixel rnfrQtxd
azmfvdkufjcif; wnfaqmufay;Edkifonf[k aMunmMuonf/
jzpfonf/ Mega pixels onf one million pixels ta&

20 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
twGujf zpfjyD; yHw
k pfyw kH iG &f aSd om pixels ¤if;twGuf
rsm; jzpfonf/ uifr&mwGif 2048x 4 inches x 300 ppi = 1200 pixels
1536 image sensor (CCD) jzifh 6 inches x 300 ppi = 1800 pixels
1200 x 1800 = 2160000 pixels = 2.16
yHkudk zrf;,lEdkifygu ¤if;onf megapixels
pixels aygif; (2048x1536= vdktyfygrnf/
3,145,728) yg0ifwnfaqmuf 8_10 vufrt&G,f yHkMuD;MuD;udk &,lzdkY&m
xm;onfh 3.1 megapixels 8 inches x 300 ppi = 2400 pixels
trsKd;tpm; uifr&myif jzpf 10 inches x 300 ppi = 3000 pixels
onf/ 2400 x 3000 =7200000 pixels = 7.2
'pf*spfw,f uifr&m megapixels vdkygrnf/ ¤if;wGif t&nf
rsm; ay:cgpwGif 1 mega- taoG;udk t"durxm;
pixels yifrjynfc h ahJ omfvnf; vQif 200 ppi ESifh wGuf
,ck 10 to 12 megapixels ausmfonftxd Edkifygonf/ odkYjzpfí
jrifrh m;vmonf/ odYk&mwGif megapixels rsm;av oifonf yHkMuD;MuD;udk
¤if;uifr&monf wefzdk;MuD;av jzpfonf/ t&nftaoG; jynhf0pGm
&,l E d k i f & ef 7 mega
vdt
k yfaom mega pixels ESihf uifr&m pixels trsKd ; tpm;
yH k a umif ; wpf y H k t wG u f uif r &mtay: uif r &mud k vd k t yf y g
rlwnfovdk yHkxkwf,lrnfh y&ifwmESifh rif rnf/ tu,fí ydkYpuwf
aq;&nf trsKd;tpm;? ("mwfyHk)puúLom; ponf t&G,yf rkH sm;om ½du
k rf nfqykd gu 3 megapixels
wdkYtay:wGifvnf; rlwnfaeonf/ yHkaumif; qd k v Qif vH k a vmuf y gonf / trsKd ; tpm;wl
wpfyHk xkwfEdkif&ef tjrifhqHk; t&nftaoG;onf uifr&mwGif 3 megapixels onf a':vm 200
300 dpi (dots per inch) [k qdkygonf/ wpf jzpfygu 7 megapixels uifr&monf a':vm
vufrtwGif; tpufaygif; 300 &dSoifhonf[k 300 rQ usoifhEdkifygonf/
qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf/
'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrS yHkt&nftaoG;onf 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mESihf MEMORY CARD rsm;
pixel ac: tpufuav;rsm;\ ta&twGuf ppi 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m0,fvQif memory
(pixels per inch) jzpfovdk y&ifwm xkwfrnfh card yg0ifaomfvnf; ¤if;onf odkavSmifEdkifrI
t&nftaoG;onfvnf; dpi (dots per inch) pGrf;&nf (capacity) tvGefenf;ygonf/ odkYjzpf
jzpfonf/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk;wGif tpufuav;rsm;\ í uifr&morm;rsm;onf aemufxyfuwf
ta&twGufudk tajccHMujcif; jzpfonf/ wpfckckudk tydkaqmif;0,f&wwfonf/ uifr&m
Oyrmtm;jzifh "mwfyHk ½dkufzdkY&m 4"x6" \ resolution &,lEdkifrItay: rlwnfjyD; yHk\
(ydkYpuwf) t&G,fESifh wGufMunfhEdkifonf/ t&G,ftpm;vnf; MuD;vmonf/ t&G,ftpm;
onf yH\ k tMuD;tao;udk rqdv k ykd g/ yHu
k kd t&nf
MEMORY CARD wGif yHk oda
k vSmifEikd rf ZI ,m; taoG;udk wdkif;wmjcif; jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
5 Mega pixels [kaMumfjimxm;aom 'pf*spw f ,f
128 256 512 1GB uifr&mwGif 1GB capacity &dSaom memory
3 megapixel 105 212 424 852 card udkoHk;ygu yHkaygif; 400 ausmfudk ½dkuf,l
5 megapixel 50 101 203 407 odkavSmifEdkifygvdrfhrnf/
6 megapixel 40 80 160 320 xdkYtjyif uifr&maMumfjimrsm;wGif þ
8 megapixel 32 64 128 256 uifr&mjzifh yHkaygif; rnfrQudk memory card

ar? 2008 21
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
wGif vufcH odrf;xm;Edkifonfudk jy wwfonf/ SD, microSD, Intelli-
¤if;onf &,lEikd o f nfh zdik t
f rsKd;tpm;ay: rlwnf gent Stick ponf trsKd;
jyD; yHkt&G,ftpm; uGmjcm;EdkifaomaMumifh twd tpm;rsm;udk wDxiG cf MhJ ujyD;
tus rrS e f E d k i f y g/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h TTF t&G , f t pm;onf 1.5
odYk r[kwf RAW zdik rf sm;jzifh &,lygu ae&m ydjk yD; pwk&ef;{&d,mESifh txl
,lEdkifonf/ onf wpfrDvDrDwmrQom
jzpfonf/ tcsuftvuf
vdt
k yfaom MEMORY odkavSmifEIef; (capacity)
'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm\ yHkazmfpGrf;tm; onf tvGefMuD;rm;vm
mega pixel MuD;av rSwfÓPfodkavSmifuwf onf / Oyrmtm;jzif h
Memory card rsm;\
(memory card) ae&m,lrI rsm;av jzpfonf/ Sony onf 32GB 0ifqhHonfh memory stick
t&G,t
f pm;onf
Oyrmtm;jzifh 3 megapixels trsKd;tpm; 'pf*spf PROS udk xkwv
f yk rf nf[k aMunmxm;ygonf/
tvGef
w,f uifr&mrSm yHkwpfyHkudk JPEG setting, ao;i,fvmonf/
0.8MB EIef;ESifh ½dkufrnfqdkvQif 128MB uwf MEMORY CARD trsK;d tpm;rsm;
twGuf yHkaygif; 150 cefY 0ifqHhEdkifygrnf/ yHkrsm; COMPACTFLASH
\ resolution MuD;av yH0k ifqrhH I enf;avjzpfjyD;
resolution enf;vQif ykH0ifqhHEdkifrI rsm;ygrnf/ CompactFlash
acwfrDuifr&mrsm;rSm resolution rnfrQudk (CF) udk rlv
oHk;vQif yHkaygif;rnfrQ 0ifqHhrnfudk azmfjyay; u c&D;aqmif
wwfygonf/ tDvufx&Gef
epfypönf;rsm;
MEMORY CARD rsm;\ tem*wf wG i f tcsuf
Memory card rsm;udk pwif oHk;cJhonfrSm tvuf od k
10 ESpfausmf umvrQom &dSygOD;rnf/ odkY&mwGif avSmif&ef wD
memory card rsm;\ t&G,fonf xGifcJhjcif;jzpfjyD; 1994 ckESpfwGuf SanDisk rS
tvGefao;i,fvmcJhjyD; xkwfvkyfcJhygonf/ ,cktcg ¤if;onf 'pf*spf
tcsuf t vuf od k w,f uifr&mrsm;wGif toHk;rsm;vmcJhjyD; txl;
avSmifEIef;onf thHMo ojzifh trsKd;tpm; jrifrh m;aumif;rGeof nfh 'pf*spf
zG , f rsm;vmcJ h o nf / w,fuifr&mrsm;wGif CompactFlash odYkr[kwf
tpOD ; wG i f 16MB, CompactFlash ESifh tvm;wluwfrsm;udk oHk;
32MB om &dc S &hJ mrS ,ck Muonf/
tcg RS-MMC, mini- CompactFlash wGif Type I ESifh Type II
[lí ESpfrsKd;&dSonf/ Type I onf 3.3 rDvDrDwm
ESifh Type II onf 5 rDvDrDwmxlí t&G,ftpm;
rSm 43_36 rDvDrDwmpD jzpfMuonf/ Type II
onf ydkíxlaomaMumifh uifr&mrsm;wGif xnfh
r& jzpfwwfonf/ Type II onf capacity ydk
jrifhrm;jyD; pufydkif;qdkif&m yg0ifonfh Micro
Drive trsKd;tpm;vnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;uwf
trsKd;tpm;rsm;wGif control chip yg0ifjyD; yHrk sm;
udk a&GUajymif;EIef; jrifhonf/ tqdkyga&GUajymif;

22 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
EIef;udk buf- &ef pDpOfaqmif&GufaeMuygonf/ ¤if;wdkYwGif
fers xnfx h m; Secure Digital card ü write-protect cvkwf
onfh uifr&m yg0ifjyD; tcsuftvufrsm;\ vHkjcHKrItwGuf
trsK;d tpm;rsm; toHk;0ifonf/
ESifh tqifhjrifh
digital SLRs XD PICTURE CARD
uifr&mrsm;u ¤if;uwftrsKd;tpm;udk Olympus ESihf Fuji
om vuf c H wdkYu 2002 ckESpfwGif xkwfvkyfMucJhjyD; format
aqmif&GufEdkif tm;jzifh topf jzpfonf/ xD onf extreme
Muonf/ Digital udk qdkvdkygonf/ Type M ESifh Type
Compact Flash trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf aps;ayg
jyD; aps;uGufwGif tvG,fwul 0,f,l&&dSEdkif
onf/ ¤if;uwfrsm;udk 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m
trsm;pkwGif oHk;Edkifonf/ uGefysLwmoHk; tcsuf
tvufrsm;udv k nf; odr;f qnf;Edik of nf/ Com-
pactFlash rsm; ay:pu 512- MB om &dScJh&m
rS ,cktcg 8GB rsm;udk toHk;rsm;vmMuonf/
qufvufí 16GB rS 64GB txd xkwv f yk Ef ikd f
&ef aqmif&GufaeMuygonf/
H [lí &dSonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tjcm; trsKd;tpm;
SECURE DIGITAL & MULTIMEDIA CARD rsm;xuf ydkjrefjyD; t&G,ftpm;vnf;i,fMu
¤if;wdkYonf t&G,ftpm; ao;i,faom onf/ yg0gpGrf;tm; oHk;rIvnf; enf;Muonf/
uwftrsKd;tpm;rsm;jzpfMujyD; tvGef t&G,fi,f odkY&mwGif aps;MuD;jrifhonf[k qdkMuygonf/
aom uifr&mrsm;twGuf oifhawmfonf/ Se- ,cktcg tjcm;aom ukrP Ü rD sm;pGmrSvnf; xkwf
cure Digital onf 15_11 rDvr D w
D mrS 32_24 vkyfaeMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf 25_20_1.78
rDvDrDwmtxdomjzpfí MultiMedia Card rDvDrDwm t&G,ftpm;xd ao;i,fMujyD; tvGef
(MMC) onf 24_32_1.4 rDvDrDwm t&G,f ao;aom uifr&mrsm;wGio f ;kH Edik o
f nf/ odak vSmif
tpm; &dSonf/ Matsushita, SanDisk, Toshi- EdkifrI enf;aecJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg 8GB txd
ba ukrÜPDwdkYu t"duxkwfvkyfMujyD; PDA, jzpfvmaeonf/ CompactFlash oH k ; aom
organizers, MP3 player, GPS sets, Cell uifr&mtrsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifh MP3 player, voice
phones rsm;wGifvnf; oHk;Muonf/ ,cifu recorder wdkYwGifvnf; oHk;Muygonf/ Com-
odkavSmifEdkifrIenf;jyD; 512MB 0ifqaHh om uwf pactFlash adaptor cHívnf; oHk;Edkifonf/
rsm;udk toHk;rsm;cJh
&mrS ,cktcg MEMORY STICK
4GB txd Memory stick udk Sony ukrÜPDrS ¤if;\
a&muf&dSvm CyberShot digital camera twGuf 1998 ckEp
Sf
umodak vSmif atmufwdkbmvwGif pwif rdwfqufxkwfvkyfcJh
EdkifrI ydkrdkjrifh onf/ tjcm;aom tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;
rm;vmae wGiv f nf; oH;k Edik o
f nf/ odYk jzpfí ¤if;wdYk ukd qdek rD S
onf/ 8GB rS 32GB, xkwfvkyfonfh uifr&mrsm;wGifom toHk;rsm;cJh
128GB txd xkwfvkyf jyD; ,cktcg tjcm;aom uifr&m trsKd;tpm;

24 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tcsKdUwdkYwGif Type II CompactFlash tdrw f iG f xnfo
h iG ;f xm;
vnf; oHk;ae jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg drive trsKd;tpm;udk
Mu onf / IBM rS 1999 ckESpfwGif xkwfvkyfcJhjyD; ,cktcg
rnfoYkdyifjzpf 8GB txd odak vSmifEi kd pf rG ;f &daS eonf/ Hitachi
ap uifr&m ukrÜPDu 2007 ckESpf ukefydkif;rsm;wGif 20GB
twGuf me- txd 0ifqrhH nfh MicroDrive rsm;udk aps;uGuo f Ykd
mory stick t&G,t
f pm; ydYkEikd rf nf[k qdo
k nf/ MicroDrive udk one byte
0,f vQif ao;i,faom vQif wpfa':vmEIe;f jzifh aps;EIe;f owfrw
S Mf uqJ
owdjyK&rnfh MicroDrive jzpfonf/
tcsuf jzpfonf/ oifhxHwGif qdkeDuifr&m tyg
t0if Sony MP3 player, PDA, Sony VAIO
computer ponf &dSxm;vQif ¤if; memory
stick rsKd;udk 0,fxm;&onfrSm tqifajyygvdrfh
rnf/ Memory Stick Pro trsKd;tpm;opfwGif
1GB txd 0ifqHhonf/ ,cktcg 8GB txd
odkavSmifEdkifaom uwfrsm;udk xkwfvkyfvmcJhjyD;
Sony \ memory stick PRO wGif 32GB txd
&&dSvmEdkifygrnf/
Memory stick trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk qdkeD
uk r Ü P D o mru
SanDisk, Le- MicroDrive rsm;onf solid state r[kwf
xar ponf w d k Y bJ pufydkif;qdkif&m ypönf;tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0if
uvnf; xkwf aeí ysufpD;vG,fonf/ vQyfppf pGrf;tif (buf
vkyv f mMuonf/ x&D) oHk;pGJrIvnf; ydkrsm;wwfjyD; tcsuftvuf
odkY&mwGif qdkeDrS &SmazGEIef;onf CompactFlash card xuf
xk w f v k y f o nf h tenf;i,faES;onf/ tm;omcsufrSm aps;EIef;
pufrsm;wGifom oufomjyD; uGeyf sLwmpepfrsm;udk xnfo h iG ;f oH;k
toHk;rsm;aeqJ Edik o
f nf/ w½kwEf ikd if rH v
S nf; tqdyk g hard disk
jzpfonf/ Me- drive tao;pm;rsm;udk xkwfvkyfaeonf/ uGef
mory stick [l ysLwm ti,fpm;rsm;twGuf ydkrdktoHk;0ifvmEdkif
aom tac:ta0:udk USB flash drive ESifh Sony \ 6 GB qHh ygonf/
rSm;wwfMuonf/ ¤if; Sony memory stick memory stick PRO
trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf qdkeDr[kwfaom tjcm;puf SMART MEDIA
rsm;wGif oHk;vQif tqifrajyrIrsm; &dSwwfonf SmartMedia onf 'pf*sifw,f uifr&m
[k qdkygonf/ xdkYtwl Memory stick PRO rsm;wG i f toH k ; rsm;
ESifh Memory stick PRO Duo wdkYonf puf aom trsKd;tpm; jzpf
a[mif;rsm;wGif tvkyfrvkyfEdkifMuyg/ jyD; 1995 ckESpfwGif
Toshiba uk r Ü P D r S
MICRO DRIVE pwifxw k v f yk cf o
hJ nf/
MicroDrive onf wu,fwrf;wGif hard ¤if;onf MiniCard,
disk drive tao;pm;wpfckyifjzpfjyD; ¤if;udk CompactFlash, PC

ar? 2008 25
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
card rsm;udk ,SOfjydKif&ef xkwfvkyfcJhjcif; jzpf
jyD; txl;ojzifh Olympus, Fuji uifr&mrsm;wGif
oHk;Muonf/ t&G,ftpm; 45_37_0.76 rDvD
rDwm jzpfí uGefysLwmoHk; tcsuftvufrsm;udk
10 ESpfMum odrf;xm;Edkifonf[kqdkonf/ ,ck
tcg xD Picture uwfrsm; tpm;xdk; 0ifa&muf
vmaeonf/ odkY&mwGif aps;EIef;oufomjcif;
aMumifh SmartMedia card rsm; qufvuf
oHk;aeMuqJ jzpfonf/ odkavSmifEdkifrI 128MB
om jzpfonf/ Adapter cHí PCMCIA ae&m
wGif oHk;Edkifonf/
USB FLASH DRIVE
USB port ESihf qufo, G f oH;k &aomaMumifh
USB drive, flash drive, thumb drive, stick
ponf tvG,f ac:Muonf/ ukrÜPDrsm;pGmrS
wpfjydKifeufxw k v
f yk af &mif;csMuojzifh rnfonfh
ukrÜPDu pwif xkwfvkyfcJhonfudk rod&yg/
odkY&mwGif Trek u 2000 jynfhESpf apmapmydkif;
rsm;wGif aps;uGufodkY yxrqHk; wifydkYa&mif;cscJh
onf[kvnf; qdkonf/ M-Systems uvnf;
1998 ckEpS u f wnf;u USB drive rsm;udk pwif
xkwfvkyfaejyD[k qdkygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
USB port udk toH;k rsm;vmojzifh tqdy k g drive
rsm;onf tcsdefwdktwGif; ta&mif;&qHk;aom
uGefysLwmESifh rD'D,moHk;ypönf;rsm; jzpfvmae
onf/ USB port odYk qufonfh xd;k wHom yHak o
jzpfjyD; usefudk,fxnfydkif;udk t&G,ftpm;? 'DZdkif;
rsKd;pHkjzifh xkwfvkyfaeMuygonf/ 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;ESifh wdkuf½dkuf roufqdkifaomfvnf;
uGeyf sLwm? y&ifwm? rD', D moH;k ypön;f wGif toH;k
trsm;qHk;jzpfaeí aqmifxm;oifhaom ypönf;
wpfckvnf; jzpfonf/ uifr&morm;onf yHk
28 uGefysLwm*sme,f
rsm;pGmudk USB drive wGio f rd ;f qnf;MujyD; ¤if;yHk
rsm;udk y&ifhxkwf&ef qdkifodkY ,loGm;wwfMuyg
onf/ ,cktcg 16 GB txd odkavSmifEdkifonfh
USB drive rsm;udk &EdkifygjyD/
PORTABLE DIGITAL STORAGE
Card Reader qdkonfrSm oD;jcm; hard
drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfí 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m
orm;rsm;twGuf yHkaygif;rsm;pGm pkjyD;
xnfhxm;Edkifonfh ud&d,mjzpf
onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh memo-
ry card rS yHkrsm;udk ¤if; drive
wGif ajymif;a&TUxnfx h m;jcif;jzifh
memory card udk ae&m vGwf
&dSaeapjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg
drive rsm;onf odkavSmifEdkifrI
pGrf;&nf 80GB txd &dSMujyD;
trsm;tm;jzifh (recharge-
able batteries) "mwfcJi,frsm;udk
toH;k jyKí tvkyv f yk Ef ikd o
f nf/ LCD jrifuiG ;f
wyfqifxm;aomaMumifh ½kyfaoyHkrsm;ESifh AD'D,dk
½dkufcsufrsm;udk jyefMunhfEdkifonf/ ¤if; drive
rSwpfqifh uGefysLwmodkY USB odkYr[kwf Fire-
Wire port jzifh qufoG,fEdkifygonf/ tcsdef
Mumjrifph mG c&D;xGuaf e&onfh uifr&morm;rsm;
twGuf aqmifxm;oifhonfh ypönf;wpfckvnf;
jzpfonf/
¤if;wdkYwGif Epson P-3000 40GB multi-
media storage viewer, SmartDisk FlashTrax
80GB portable media device, Sandisk
Sansa Pocket media player, Apple iPod
video media player 60GB pufrsm;onf
oDcsif;em;axmifjcif;? wDAGD? AD'D,dk MunfhEdkifjcif;
wdkYudkvnf; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
CARD READERS
Card Reader qdkonfrSm 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mESifh tDvufx&GefepfpepfoHk; pufrsm;
twGuf t&Hypönf;wpfckjzpfjyD; uGefysLwmwGif
USB odYk r[kwf FireWire port cHum qufo,G f
Edkif tvkyfvkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ ¤if;onf uwf
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
trsKd ; tpm;rsm;pG m ud k SDHC, MicroDrive, MS Duo, MS PRO
vufcHum uGefysLwmodkY Duo, miniSD, RS MMC uwftrsKd;tpm; 12
tcsuftvuf odkYr[kwf rsKd;udk vufcHtoHk;jyKEdkifonf[k qdkygonf/
yHkrsm;udk ydkYay;jcif; jzpf
onf/ tvG,fwul wyf aemufq;kH ay: MEMORY CARD trsK;d tpm;rsm;
qifEdkifjcif;ESifh jzKwf,lEdkif LEXAR PROFESSIONAL SDHC 4GB 133X
jcif; jyKvkyfEdkifjyD; tcsKdU card MEMORY CARD
readers rsm;onf oD ; jcm; ¤if;uwf Lexar (www.lexar.com) rS
vQyfppfpGrf;tif rvdkyg/ uGefysL xkwfvkyfjyD; jrefEIef;jrifh uwftrsKd;tpm; jzpf
wmodkY uifr&mudk wdkuf½dkuf csdwf onf/ t&nftaoG; jrifrh m;aomyHrk sm;udk aumif;
qufoHk;Edkifaomfvnf; tqdkyg card pGm ½dkuf,lokdavSmifEdkifjyD; yHkrsm; ysufpD;jcif;?
reader rsm;u ydkrdkjrefqefpGm tvkyf aysmufqHk;jcif;twGuf q,fwifEdkif&ef Image
vkyEf ikd yf gonf/ 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m Rescue™ 3 aqmhz0 f J yg&do
S nf/ xdYktwl yHrk sm;udk
rsm;wGif trsm;tm;jzifh uifr&mESifh jyKjyif&ef Corel® Paint Shop Pro® X aqmhzf
uGeyf sLwmudk wdu k ½f u
kd f rqufo,
G f 0JEiS hf odak vSmifxed ;f odr;f xm;&ef Lexar Backup
bJ card reader rSwpfqifh yHkrsm;udk n Sync™ s aqmhzf0Jrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;ay;
ajymif;a&TUMuygonf/ xm;onf/
Lexar trsKd;tpm; multi- odkavSmifEdkifrI 4GB rS 8GB txd jzpfjyD;
reader onf CompactFlash 10-megapixel &dSaom uifr&mrsm;twGuf
types1 & 2, SmartMedia, Me- oifhavsmfygonf/ vufawGU prf;oyfcsuft&
mory Stick, Memory Stick Pro, 3 to 5MB JPEG yHr k sm;udk t&nftaoG; rusap
MultiMedia card, xD Picture card, SD card, &ef xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf/

MEMORY CARD FORMATS

uwftrnf twdkaumuf t&G,ftpm;
PC Card PCMCIA 85.6×54×3.3 mm
CompactFlash I CF-I 43× 36×3.3 mm
CompactFlash II CF-II 43×36×5.5 mm
SmartMedia SM/SMC 45×37×0.76 mm
Memory Stick MS 50×21.5×2.8 mm
Memory Stick Duo MSD 31×20.0×1.6 mm
Memory Stick Micro M2 M2 15×12.5×1.2 mm
Multimedia Card MMC 32×24×1.5 mm
Reduced Size Multimedia Card RS-MMC 16×24×1.5 mm
MMCmicro Card MMCmicro 12×14×1.1 mm
Secure Digital Card SD 32×24×2.1 mm
miniSD Card miniSD 21.5×20×1.4 mm
microSD Card microSD 11×15×1 mm
xD-Picture Card xD 20×25×1.7 mm
Intelligent Stick iStick 24×18×2.8 mm
µ card µcard 32×24×1 mm
NT Card NT NT+ 44×24×2.5 mm

ar? 2008 29
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

USB FLASH MEMORY udk FORMAT csjcif;

oif\ USB flash card odkYr[kwf flash drive onf

t&G,af o;i,fonf[k qdak omfvnf; format cs&ef vdak umif;
vdkygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;twGuf
1/ USB flash drive udk uGefysLwm USB slot wGif wyfyg/
2/ oifh uGefysLwm pepfrS ¤if; flash drive udk removable
disk tjzpf awGU&dSvufcHjyD; jzpf&ygrnf/
3/ My Computer (icon) udk zGifhjyD; tqdkyg USB flash
drive (icon) udk armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfvdkufyg/ udk FAT32 udk a&G;cs,fxm;yg/ Quick Format udk
a&G;cs,f&ef rvdkyg/
7/ Start cvkwfukd uvpf vkyfvdkufyg/
8/ xdktcg format vkyfief;pOfonf flash drive xJ&dS tcsuf
tvuf tm;vHk;udk zsufygvdrfhrnf[laom owday;csuf
ay:vmygrnf/ oifonf ¤if; tcsufudk vufcHod&dSjyD;

4/ ay:vmaom pmom;rsm;rS 'Format...' udk uvpf vkyv

f u
kd f
yg/

jzpfygu OK cvkwfudk EdSyfvdkufjcif;jzifh format csjcif;

pwifygvdrfhrnf/
9/ acwå tMumwGif vkyfief;pOf jyD;qHk;ygrnf/ oif\ USB
flash drive udk qufvuf toHk;jyKEdkifygjyD/

5/ xdYk aemuf 'Format Removable Disk' [laom box wpfck

ay:vmygrnf/
6/ tu,fí format jyKvky&f ef qE´ r&dyS gu Close cvkwu f kd
EdSyfjyD; jyefxGufEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf format qufvuf
jyKvkyf&ef Capacity rSef? rrSefudk ppfyg/ File System

30 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
MEMORY CARD FAQ
Memory card qdk onf rSm
1 bmvJ/ Memory card onf
rnfuo Jh Ykd tvkyf vkyaf qmifygovJ/
Memory card qdkonfrSm wpf
om;wnf; jyKvkyfxm;aom odkavSmif
ypön;f udk qdv k jkd yD; ¤if;wGif armfwmuJo
vIyf&Sm;aeonfh puftpdwftydkif;rsm;
h Ykd
ryg0if y g/ t*F v d y f b momtm;jzif h
solid state jzpf j yD ; uG e f y sLwmoH k ;
a0g[m&wGif nonvolatile computer
memory data storage vdkY oHk;EIef;Mu
ygw,f/ ¤if;onf vQyfppf "mwftm;
&do
S nfjzpfap? r&daS wmhonfjzpfap txJ
rSm xnfhoGif;odkavSmifxm;wJh tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk qufvuf wnf&dSapEdkif
wJh odkavSmifypönf; qdkygawmh/ tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk zsufvdkvQif? xnfhoGif;
vdkvQif odkYr[kwf wpfpHkwpf&m jyKvkyf
vdkvQif tDvufx&GefepftajccHoHk;
ypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyK&jyD; vQyfppf
odkYr[kwf tDvufx&Gefepf enf;ynmeJY
om aqmif&Guf&ygw,f/
tqdkyg rSwfÓPfxdef;ypönf;rsm;
wGif pufydkif;qdkif&m vIyf&Sm;jcif;tpm;
vQyfppf odkYr[kwf tDvufx&Gefepf
enf;ynmjzifh vIy&f mS ;aqmif&u G af pjcif;
jzpfvdkY t&G,ftpm; ao;i,fatmif
xkwfvkyfEdkifMujcif; jzpfygw,f/ toHk;
jyK&ef vQyfppfpGrf;tifudkvnf; trsm;
tjym; rvdktyfyg/ vQyfppf wnfjidrfrI
vnf; &dSjyD; tEÅ&m,fuif;pGm toHk;jyK
Edik Mf uygw,f/ odYk jzpfí memory card
rsm;udk c&D;aqmifuGefysLwm? 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&m? *drf;upm;onfh pufcHk
rsm;? c&D;aqmif zkef;rsm;? vufqGJ wDADG
puf? aw;zGifhpufi,frsm;eJY tjcm;
tDvufx&Geef pf vlo;kH ukeyf pön;f trsKd;
rsKd;rSm oHk;aeMuygjyD/ txl;ojzifh
34 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnfhvdkuf? zsuf
vdkufeJY tMudrfMudrf oHk;Edkifjcif;u me-
mory card rsm;&JU tm;omcsufwpf&yf
yg/
2 Memory card rsm;wGifformat
uGmjcm;rIrsm; &dyS govm;/
,cktcg aps;uGuw f iG f flash me-
mory card trsKd;tpm;rsm;pGm a&muf&dS
aeygjyD/ Oyrmtm;jzifh SD card, mini-
SD card, microSD card, SDHC card,
Compact Flash card, memory stick,
Memory Stick Pro, Memory Stick
Pro Duo, multimedia card, smart-
media card, XD card ponf jzpfMuyg
w,f/ odkYjzpfí xkwfvkyfwJh ukrÜPD
tay: rlwnfjyD; format rsm;vnf;
trsKd;rsKd; &dSEdkifygw,f/ Memory card
r0,fcif qdik rf mS oiftoH;k jyKr,fh ypön;f
eJY udkufnDrI &dS? r&dSudk aocsmpGm ar;yg/
odkYr[kwf oHk;r,fhypönf;udk ,loGm;jyD;
wpfcgwnf;xnfhMunhfyg/ Oyrmtm;
jzifh oif\ 'pf*spfw,fuifr&monf
XD card udo k m vufcEH ikd o
f nfqykd gpdYk/
¤if;twGuf SD card udk rSm;0,fwwf
ygw,f/ tcsKdU devices rsm;onf uwf
trsKd;tpm; tenf;i,fudkom vufcH
oHk;EdkifMuygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh me-
mory stick, memory stick Pro, me-
mory stick duo wdYkukd qde
kt
D rSww
f q
H yd f
yg pufypönf;rsm;rSm oHk;wwfMuyg
w,f/
3 Memory card wpfcu
k kd 0,fjy;D
oH;k Munhyf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh tvkyf
rvkyyf g/ bmjzpfvv Ykd J/
Memory card topfudk roHk;cif
format csMunh f y g/ ¤if ; uwf E S i f h
oufqdkifaom manual udk aocsmpGm
zwf½IjyD; rnfonfh electronic device
rsKd;wGif format cs&rnfudk Munfhyg/
odkYr[kwf qdkifodkY jyefar;yg/
Memory card udk b,fvkd
4 toH;k jyK&rSmvJ/ nTeMf um;csuf rsm;
&do
S nf[k qdx k m;ygw,f/ bmudk qdv k w
kd m
vJ/
Memory card udk toHk;jyKzdkY&m
ta&;MuD;wJh nTefMum;csufrsm; yg&dS
wwfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh memory
card jziffh tcsut f vufrsm;udk ul;aepOf
odkYr[kwf tvkyfvkyfaepOf uwfudk
qGJrxkwfygESifh/ toHk;jyKjyD;wJhtcsdefrSm
oHk;aewJh pufypönf;udk rD;ydwfvdkufjyD;rS
qGJxkwfygqdkwJh owday;csufrsKd;yg/
Memory card rsm;rSm tvG,fwul
ysufp&m pufypönf;rsKd; rygayr,fh
vQyfppfudk xdef;odrf;&mrSm tvGef Ek
w,fvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ vQyfppf"mwf
tm; ½kwfw&uf aysmufoGm;&if ysufpD;
Edkifovdk? vQyfppf"mwftm; jyif;xefpGm
pD;0if&ifvnf; ysufpD;Edkifygw,f/
'Dvdk vQyfppf"mwftm; tajymif;
tvJ odkYr[kwf electrostatic dis-
charge (ESD) udk oufomapzdYk&m me-
mory card &JU owåKtquf (connec
tors) rsm;udk Murf;wrf;pGm udkifwG,f
jcif;? oHvdkufuJhodkY ypönf;rsm;eJY xdjcif;
udk a&Smifyg/ txl;ojzifh Secure Digi-
tal card, Smart Media card, XD
cards wdkYrSm jzpfwwfMuygw,f/ bmyJ

jzpfjzpf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk aocsmpGm
zwf½Iapvdkygw,f/
5 Memory card xJu zdik f tcsKUd
aysmufaeygw,f/ uwfxJu
uRefawmf&JU ta&;MuD;wJh tcsuftvuf
awG bmaMumifh ysuu f ek &f wmvJ/
uGeyf sLwmxJukd yHak wG ydYk jyD;wJt
h cg
yHktcsKdU ysufaewm? aysmufaewmrsKd;udk
trsm;tm;jzifh MuHKMu&ygw,f/ ¤if;
onf uwfrSm&dSwJh sectors tcsKdUonf
vQyfppf"mwftm; ½kwfw&uf r&vdkuf
vdkY ysufoGm;wmuae jzpf&w,fvdkY
qdkygw,f/ Sector qdkwm uwfay:rSm
tcsuftvufrsm;udk pepfwus xnfh
xm;zdkY owfrSwfxm;wJhtuGuf odkY
r[kwf vrf;aMumif; tpdwftydkif;wpfck
qdkygawmh/
ckvdk yHkawG rMumcP ysufae&if
uwfudk format csMunhfyg/ 'DvdkrS
qufjzpfaeao;&if uGefysLwmrSm wyf
jyD; Scandisk vkyMf unhyf g/ r&&ifawmh
¤if;uwfudk xkwfvkyfwJh ukrÜPD odkY
r[kwf qdkifudk jyMunhfyg/
tckvdk yHkawG rMumcP ysufpD;&
jcif;uae umuG,fzdkY&m enf;vrf;
tcsKdUudk 'Dvdk a&;xm;wm awGU&
ygw,f/
1/ Memory card 0,f & if
wpfcgwnf;eJY tMuD;qHk;
udk r0,fygeJY/ ,cktcg
odak vSmif
EdkifrI
pGr;f &nf
16 GB,
32 GB
txd
ay:ae
ygjyD/
"mwfyHkorm;rsm;
twGuf oabmusp&m
yg/ 'gayr,fh aps;uvnf; jrifhae
qJjzpfjyD; ysufoGm;? aysmufoGm;&if
vnf; qHk;½HI;rI MuD;rm;ygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'Dvdk uwfMuD;MuD;udk r0,fbJeJY
odkavSmifrI toifhtwifhom &dSwJh
uwfrsKd;udk ta&twGuf rsm;rsm;
0,foHk;apcsifygw,f/ "mwfyHk½dkuf
&if uwfESpfuwf? oHk;uwfavmuf
udk vJxnfhoHk;yg/
2/ Memory card udk uifr&m odkY
r[kwf pufypönf;wpfckckxJ xnfh
&if? xkw&f if ¤if;ypön;f udk ydwx f m;
yg/ tcsKUd uifr&mrsm;rSm uwfxnfh
jyD ; ul ; wif a e&if rD ; uav;u
tcsufjyaewwfygw,f/ ¤if; rD;
tcsufjy jidrfjyD;rS uwfudk jyefxkwf
yg/ odkYr[kwf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk
aocsmpGmzwfjyD; vdu k ef musio hf ;kH yg/
Memory card trsm;pk o nf
vQyfppf electrostatic dischar-
ges (ESD) udr k cHEikd Mf uyg/ vQyfppf
aMumifh ysufpD;vG,fw,f qdkyg
awmh/ wGucf sufrrI sm;t& 30 volts
vQyfppf"mwftm;onf memory
uwfxJu zdkifrsm;udk ysufpD;apEdkif
w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/ aemufq;kH oifh
cE¨ m ud k , f u owå K ypö n f ;
wpfckckudk xd&ifawmif
vQyfppf"mwf jzpf
ay:apEdkif
yg
w,f/
'ghaMumifh
uwfrsm;
udk udkif
wG , f & mrS m
owd x m;&yg
r,f / aemuf
tqdyk g uwfrsm;udk odr;f qnf;
&mrS m vnf ; yvyf p wpf b l ;
ponf vQyfppfrul;EdkifwJh bl;
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rsKd;eJY xnfhoGif;odrf;xm;oifhyg
w,f/
3/ uifr&mrSm playback udk oHk;jyD;
yHkrsm;udk jyefMunfh&mrSm yHk wpfyHkudk
½dkufjyD;jyD;csif; jyefrMunhfoifhyg/
¤if; onf yHkudk ysuf pD; ap wJh
taMumif;tcsufwpfck jzpfygw,f/
"mwfyHk½dkufjyD;w,f qdkayr,fh rSwf
ÓPfuae uwfay:odkY tDvuf
x&Gefepf enf;vrf;eJY ul;wifae&
ygw,f/ yHu k kd jyefMunhcf si&f if tcsed f
tenf;i,fay;jyD;rS jyefzGifhMunhf
yg/
4/ yHkwpfyHkudk rMudKufvdkY odkYr[kwf
ae&m 0ifqhHatmif zsuf&mrSm yHkudk
aocsmpGm a&G;cs,fjyD;rS zsufyg/
uifr&mwGif tjcm; vkyfief;rsm;udk
ydwfxm;csdef odkYr[kwf "mwfyHk ½dkuf
jyD;jyD;csif; yHzk sufjcif; rjyKvkyyf gESi/hf
vkyfief;rsm; a&maxG;um uwfudk
ysufpD;apEdkifygw,f/
5/ Memory card udk uifr&mwGif
aemufwpfMudrx f nfo h ;kH zdYk &m aocsm
pGm oefY&Sif;ay;yg/ yHkrsm;udk rvdk
awmhvdkY zsufvdkufayr,fh ¤if;onf
uwfxu J yHak wGukd &SmvdYk r&atmif
vkyfvdkufjcif;omjzpfvdkY format
jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh uwfudk &Sif;vif;ap
Edkifygw,f/
6/ uifr&mrS yHkrsm;udk uGefysLwmodkY
wif&mwGif uifr&mrS wdkuf½dkuf
ay;ydkYonfhtpm; card reader udk
oHk;oifhygw,f/ uifr&mrS buf
x&Dukd acRwmjcif;jzpfovdk vQyfppf
aMumifh jzpfay:wwfwJh trSm;vnf;
uif;pifEdkifygvdrfhr,f/
ar? 2008 35
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
6 uReaf wmhf memory card udk
'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mu aumif;pGm
tvkyf rvkyfyg/ oHk;vdkuf&if rodovdkrsKd;
jzpfaeygw,f/ Memory card u
bmjzpfvdkYvJ/
Memory card udk uifr&m odkY
r[kwf oufqdkif&m wpfckck device
xJodkY xnfhwm enf;pepfrSef&JUvm;/
uwfrSmygwJh yifuav;rsm;onf npf
ayaeovm;qdkonfudk ppfMunhfyg/
uifr&modYk uwfxnfw h m enf;pepf rSef
onfw h ikd f uifr&mu rodb;l qd&k ifawmh
uwfu ysufaevdkYyg/ Format csjyD;
oH;k wmawmif r&cJ&h if uwfxw k v f yk w
f hJ
ukrÜPD odkYr[kwf uwf0,fwJh qdkifudk
om jyefar;Munhfyg/
aysmufomG ;wJh tcsut f vuf
7 rsm;? yHkrsm;udk memory card
uae b,fvdk jyefq,fxkwfEdkifygovJ/
Norton Disk Doctor, Scandisk,
Disk Frist Aid wdYk vkd hard disk repair
jyifwJh aqmhzf0JrsKd;udk oHk;jyD; uwfudk
jyifMunhfyg/ ysufaewJh tpdwftydkif;u
tcsuftvuftcsKdUudk jyefq,f xkwf
ay;Edkifygw,f/
yHkrsm;udk jyefvnfq,fwifay;Edkif
wJh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;Munhfyg/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh 'BadCopy Pro, En Case,
Image rescue, RecoverPlus Photo
recovery, eIMAGE Recovery, Pho-
torescue2, Digital Image recovery,
Digital Picture recovery, Digital
Photo Recovery, MediaRECOVER
Image Recovery Software, Image
Recall, Data recall, File-rescue Plus,
PHOTORECOVERY, Recovery My
Photos, Search and Recover2,
Flash File recovery, PhotoRescue
Pro, PhotoOne Recovery, Media
Undelete Digital Image Recovery
36 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Software' ponf aqmhzf0Jrsm; jzpfMu
ygw,f/ rnfonfh aqmhz0f o J nf rnfrQ
xda&mufonfudk rprf;oyf&ao;yg/
tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkufrsm;rSwpfqifh
pHkprf;MunhfEdkifygw,f/
wpfckawmh &dSygw,f/ uGefysLwm
xJ xnfhMunhf&mrSm ¤if;uwfudk rzwf
awmhbl;qdk&if uwfu ysufaejyDvdkY
,lq&rSmyg/ yHkrsm;udk jyefvnf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m ydkjyD; cufcJygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dvdk
tcsuftvuf jyefazmfxkwfay;EdkifwJh
services vkyfief;rsm; ay:aejyDvdkY od&
ygw,f/
uReaf wmfh memory card rSm
8 (capacity) enf;enf;yJ &dS w,f vdYk
jyaeygw,f/
¤if;onf taMumif;t&m ESpfcsuf
aMumif h jzpf w wf y g
w,f / yxrtcsuf
onf rSwfÓPfxdef;wJh
ypönf;rsm;wGif aMunm
xm;onfxuf tenf;
i,f avsmhMuygw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 512MB
memory card rS m
wu,fo;kH Edik w
f mu 485MB om
jzpfygw,f/ ,ck armif&ifhuwfrSm
wu,fo;kH Edik wf hJ capacity udk jyaewm
vm;/ aemuf rjrifEdkifatmif hidden
vkyfxm;wJhzdkifawG &dSaeovm;/ uGefysL
wmuwpfqifh &SmMunfhyg/
aemufwpfcsufonf capacity
&dSoavmufudk tcsKdU card reader rsm;
rzwfEdkifjcif;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
2GB xufausmfwJh SD card uwfrsm;
udk tcsKdUaom device rsm;eJY card
reader wdkYu rzwfEdkifMuyg/ ukrÜPD&JU
xkwv f yk rf aI Mumifh jzpfygw,f/ odYk jzpfí
armif&ifhuwfudk xkwfvkyfwJh ukrÜPD
odkYr[kwf tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkufrSm
tao;pdwf pHkprf;Munhfyg/
9 Memory card wGif ta&;Mu;D
aom zdkif? tcsuftvufrsm;udk
odr;f xm;&onfrmS vHjk cKH pdwcf s&ygovm;/
vHkjcHK pdwfcs&w,fvdkY a,bk,s
tm;jzifh qdkEdkifygw,f/ odrf;qnf;&
vG,u f jl yD; hard disk drive, CD, DVD
csyf rsm;xufpm&if ysufpD;rIEIef;vnf;
enf;ygw,f/ aemuf tJ'x D rJ mS vQKdU0Suf
uD;pepfudk xnfhoGif;oHk;Edkifygw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf wpfcsdefrSm toHk;rsm;vm
r,fh ypönf;rsm; jzpfygw,f/
card topf wpfcu
k kd
10 Memory
r0,fcif b,fvdktcsufawGudk
xnhof iG ;f pOf;pm;oifyh govJ/
Memory card 0,f,l&mrSm (1)
odkavSmifEdkifrI pGrf;&nf (capacity) eJY
(2) tjrefEIef; (speed) wdkYudk tajccH
tcsufrsm;tjzpf pOf;pm;&yg
r,f/ Capacity udk
megabytes
(MB) odkY
r[kwf gi-
gabytes
(GB) eJY jyjyD;
capacity rsm;av
odkavSmifEdkifrI MuD;rm;
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
av jzpfygw,f/ tjrefEIef;onf me-
mory card &JU aqmif&GufEdkifcsufjzpfjyD;
jrefEeI ;f jrifah vaumif;av jzpfygw,f/
¤if;udk Write vkyfw,fvdkYvnf; qdkMu
ygw,f/ uifr&mrsm;rSm jrefEIef;jrifhwJh
uwfrsKd;udk oHk;oifhygw,f/
wpfcsed w f ek ;f u zvifo;kH uifr&meJY
yHw
k pfykH ½duk v f u kd wf mrSm tvif;a&mifu
wpfqifh yH&k yd u f kd zvifrmS okwv f rd ;f xm;
wJh "mwfypönf;rsm;udk "mwfjyKjcif;enf;
eJY xifapwmyg/ ,ck 'pf*spfw,f enf;
ynmrSm yH&k yd u f kd tDvufx&Geef pfenf;eJY
memory card rSm pixels rsm;tjzpf
ajymif;ay;vdu k w f myg/ 'Dvkd pixels rsm;
tjzpf write vkyfwJhEIef;u aES;ae&if
rvdt k yfwhJ yHyk sufjcif; ponfwYkd jzpfay:
apEdkifygw,f/ Memory card rsm;rSm
tjrefEIef;ukd X (rating) eJY jyay;wwf
Muygw,f/
11 X - Speed Performance
qdkwm bmvJ/
Flash cards rsm;rSm X-speed
qdkwm aqmif&Gufcsuf &dSygw,f/ ¤if;
onf tcsut f vufrsm;udk wpfpuúeYfrmS
mega bytes b,favmufeJY o,fydkYay;
Edkifw,f odkYr[kwf uwfrSm tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk a&;Edkifw,f qdkwmyg/
Write speed vdYk vnf; ajymEdik yf gw,f/
X = 150 KiloBytes (150 KB/sec) vdYk
yHkaowGufcsufEdkifjyD; ¤if;onf wpf
puúefYrSm tcsuftvuf o,fydkYEdkifwJh
EIef;jzpfygw,f/ CD rSmvnf; twlwl
yg/ 50X vdkY a&;xm;&if (50x150=
7,500KB/sec=7.5MB/sec) jzpfyg
w,f/ 1KB=1,000 bytes, 1MB=1
million bytes eJY wGufEdkifygw,f/
Memory card twGuf X-
12 Speed Rating onf tjrw
J rf;
ta&;ygaeygovm;/
38 uGefysLwm*sme,f
jrefEIef; jrifhav onfhwdkif aemufqHk;awGU&wJh aps;EIef;
aumif;av rsm;t& Nikon D3 digital SLR
qdkayr,fh camera, 12.87 Mpixels, 4,256x2,832,
tcsKdUaom 3-inch LCD onf a':vm 4ç999.99
taMumif; jzpfygw,f/ aemuf Nikon D300 u
t&mrsm; a':vm 1ç799.99? Nikon
twGuf D80 u a':vm
X-speed 1ç726? Pen-
rating jrifh tax K10D u
zdYk&m rvdtk yf a':vm
yg/ 50X &dSaom memory card onf 1ç606? Ca-
tcsuftvufrsm;udk 7,500KB/sec non EOS
EIef;eJY o,fydkY tvkyfvkyfEdkifw,fqdkwm 30D u
a&;jyxm;ygjyD/ 'gayr,fh 'pf*spfw,f a':vm
uifr&mtygt0if qJvfzkef;eJY 'pf*spf 1ç536 eJ Y
w,f ypönf;rsm;rSm tqdkyg jrefEIef;udk Olympus Evolt E-510
vufcEH ikd zf Ykdvnf; vdyk gw,f/ Interface Digital Camera uifr&monf a':vm
Mum;cHqdkygawmh/ qdkvdkwmu Flash 1ç136 vdkY qdkygw,f/ bmyJ jzpfjzpf
card onf tjrefEIef;jrifhaejyD; uifr&m wefz;kd jrifah om 'pf*spw
f ,f uifr&mrsm;
&JU pGrf;aqmifcsufu edrfhae&if ¤if; onf a':vm 1500 0ef;usif jzpfw,f
Flash card &JU tpGrf;udk tjynfht0 vdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/
&rSm r[kwfyg/
uReaf wmf&h UJ vid uifr&mtwGuf
uifr&m odkYr[kwf 'pf*spfw,f
ypönf; xkwfvkyfol trsm;pku olwdkY&JU
14 4GB memory card 0,fcyhJ g
ypön;f awGrmS tjrefEeI ;f b,favmufxd w,f/ 'gayr,fh format csvdkY r&jzpfae
vufcHedkifw,fqdkwm azmfjyxm;jcif; ygw,f/ rdwfaqGwpfOD;uawmh uwfu
r&dSyg/ a,bk,stm;jzifh 5 mega-pi- capacity odyfMuD;aew,fvdkY ajymyg
xels trsKd;tpm; uifr&monf Flash w,f/ jzpfEikd yf govm;/
card &JU tjrefEIef; 45X odkYr[kwf jzpfEdkifygw,f/ armif&ifh uifr&m
¤if;xufrausmfwJh EIef;udk vufcHEdkif u SDHC(SD card) secure digital
w,f v d k Y qd k y gw,f / tck a cwf a y: vdk high capacity twGuq f kd tqifajy
'pf*spfw,fuifr&m trsm;pkrSm 'Dvdk r,f xifygw,f/ uwfr0,fcif vcam
jyóemrsKd; &dSr,frxifyg/ uifr&mu memory card capacity
b,favmuftxd vufcEH ikd w f ,fqwkd m
13 tcktcsed rf mS aps;tjrifq
h ;kH 'pf*spf
w,fuifr&mwpfv;kH wefz;kd onf
t&if pHkprf;Munhfyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
Sony vcam model twGuf http://
b,favmuf &dES ikd yf grnfv/J esupport.sony.com/ 0ufbfqdkufrSm
'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrsm;udk tjydKif 0ifMunhfEdkifygw,f/ uifr&m manual
xkwfvkyfaewmjzpfvdkY aps;EIef;eJY trsKd; pmtkyfrSm oufqdkif&m 0ufbfqdkuf
tpm;rsm;onf aeYpOfeJYtrQ ajymif;vJrI vdyfpmawG ygwwfygw,f/
rsm; &daS eygw,f/ ,cktwdtus r[kwf
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
uReaf wmfrh mS Nikon coolpix l6
15 digital uifr&m &dyS g w,f/ 'gay
r,fh memory card u usKd;ysufoGm;
ygw,f/ tJ'g b,fvkd uwfrsK;d udk jyef0,fjy;D
oH;k Edik yf gv/J 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mrsm;rSm me-
mory card onf twlwlvm;qdkwm
odvdkygw,f/
¤if; uifr&mrSm oHk;wm SD card
jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ aemuf tpm;xdk;zdkY&m
Lexar SanDisk udk oHk;Munhfyg/
'pf*spfw,fuifr&m trsm;pkrSm
ukrP Ü u D owfrw S af y;xm;wJh memo-
ry card trsKd;tpm;rsm;udkom oHk;Edkif
Muygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Sony onf
memory sticks udk oHk;jyD; Samsung
onf SD card udk oHk;wwfw,f qdkyg
awmh/ ¤if;twGuf manual book rSm
&SmzwfMunhfyg/ odkYr[kwf 0,fvmwJh
qdkif odkYr[kwf ukrÜPDudk ar;Munfhoifh
ygw,f/ taumif;qHk;u uifr&mudk
udk,fwdkif,loGm;jyD; uifr&mqdkif odkY
r[kwf memory card a&mif;wJhqdkifrSm
jyjyD; aocsmpGm ar;jref;jyD;rS 0,fygvdkY
tMuHay;vdkufygw,f/
Pixels taMumif;udk zwfvu
kd &f
16 ygw,f/ wjcm; b,fae&mrsKd;rSm
pixels qdw
k mudk odEikd yf govJ/
Pixel qdo
k nfukd em;vnfzYkd&m wDADG
40 uGefysLwm*sme,f
zefom;jyifudk aoaocsmcsm
teD ; uyf M unh f y g/ ¤if ; wG i f
t0dkif;vdkvdk? av;axmifhvdkvdk
tpufao;ao;av;awGeJY jynfh
aeatmif vk y f x m;wmud k
jrif&ygr,f/ ¤if;onf pixels
rsm;yif jzpfygw,f/ xdkYtwl
uGeyf sLwm armfew D m zefom;jyif
odkYr[kwf laptop display udk
Munhyf g/ Laptop rSmawmh LCD
jzpfvdkY ydkjyD;ao;i,fjyD; El;nhH
wJhtwGuf MunfhvdkY jrif&r,f rxifyg/
qdkvdkwmu ¤if;wdkYonf pixel rsm;
jzpfygw,f/ Dots vdkY
a&; Mu yg w,f/ ¤if;
ta&mif pixels rsm;
onf ydwfvdkuf? zGifh
vduk ?f aysmufvukd ?f ay:
vdkufeJY t½kyfrsm;&JU
o@mefukd uk, d pf m;jyK
azmfaqmifay;Muwmyg/
jrefvGef;tm;MuD;vdkY pixel
rsm; qdkwmudk rod&wmyg/
uwfawGrmS tcsut f vufrsm;
17 udk odkavSmifodrf;qnf;&mü uGef
ysLwmpepfu okneJY wpfawGtjzpf ajymif;
vdkufw,fqdkwm oabmraygufyg/
twwfEikd q f ;kH em;vnfatmif &Si;f jyay;yg/
wu,fawmh okn (0) eJY wpf
(1) qd k w J h ud e f ; awG u d k qd k v d k w m
r[kwyf g/ rsupf ed YJ b,fvrkd S rjrifEikd w
uGefysLwmenf;ynm tvkyfvkyfyHkudk
Oyrmay;&cuf v d k Y tqif t ajyqH k ;
EdiI ;f jywmyg/ tMurf;zsif;a&;&&if okn
onf tDvufx&Gepf ;D aMumif; ydwjf cif;eJY
wpfonf tDvufx&GefpD;aMumif; yGifh
jcif; qdyk gawmh/ Memory card awGrmS
x&efppöwmESpfcktMum; tvGef yg;vTm
wJh atmufqD'dkuftvTmwpfckudk cHxm;
ygw,f/ x&efppöwmwpfvHk;u float-
ing gate qdk&if aemufwpfvHk;u con-
trol gate vdkY oabmxm;vdkufyg/
tvkyfvkyfvdkufvdkY vQyfpD;aMumif; odkY
r[kwf tDvufx&Gef pD;0ifwJhtcg
control gate udk jzwfoef;pD;0if&if
wefzdk;wpf (1) vdkY Oyrmay;vdkufyg
w,f/ tJ'Dvdk pD;0ifjcif; r&dSbJ ground
jzpfoGm;wmudk okn (0) vdkY wifpm;
owfrSwfygw,f/ 'Dvdkenf;eJY tDvuf
x&Gefrsm; pD;0ifvdkuf? r0ifvdkuf odkY
r[kwf wpfjzpfvdkuf? oknjzpfvdkufeJY
tBudrf oef;aygif;rsm;pGm jyKvkyjf cif;jzifh
tcsut f vufrsm;udk memory card rSm
xif[yfapjcif;jzpfygw,f/
a&;vufpeJY a&;&&if uGefysLwm
[mh'f'pfrSm vQyfppf oHvdkufvdIif; enf;
ynmeJY tvkyf vkyyf gw,f/ oHvu dk &f nf
ygwJh [mh''f pfrsufEmS jyifay:udk oHvu kd f
acgif;uwpfqifh vQyfppfoHvdkufvdIif;
tcsufjyrsm;udk ydkYvdkuf? rydkYvdkufeJY
f hJ tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;tvkyf
vkyfwmyg/ CD/DVD csyfrsm;rSmawmh
avqma&mifjcnfeJY xdk;jyD; a&mifjyef
[yfjcif; oabmw&m;eJY tvkyv f yk wf m
yg/ ajymifvufaewJh tcsyfjym;udk
avqma&mifjcnfu xdk;vdkufwJhtcg
ajymifwif;aewJh ae&mudk xdk;rd&if
a&mifjyef[yfjyD; tm½HkcHpepf detector
udk jyef0ifygw,f/ csKdifhxJudk xkd;rd&if
a&mifjyef r[yfEdkifyg/ ¤if;wdkYudkvnf;

wpf (1) eJY okn (0) rsm;tjzpf Oyrm
ay; a&;om;Muygw,f/ aemif 'Dxuf
&Si;f atmif a&;jyEdik &f ef MudK;pm;ygOD;r,f/
Memory card wpfcu k kd trsK;d
18 tpm;rwl wJh uifr&mESpfvHk;rSm
oHk;Edkifygovm;/ uRefawmfhrSm Canon
Powers-hot A530 uifr&meJY tjcm;
wpfvHk;udkawmh trsKd;tpm; rrSwfrdyg/
Memory card u 512MB jzpfygw,f/
a,bk,stm;jzifhawmh memory
card u t&G,t f pm; wlae&if oH;k Edik yf g
w,f/ tJ'g memory size udk ajymwm
r[kwfyg/ Physical size udk qdkvdkwm
yg/ uifr&mawG memory vufcHEIef;
odyfruGm&ifvnf; oHk;Edkifyg
w,f/ Oyrm wpfvHk;u
yHk 300 udk vufcEH ikd f
wJh memory &dSjyD;
aemufwpfvHk;
u 325 yHk
udk vufcH
Edik w
f ,f
qdkygawmh/ 'gayr,fh memory card
trsKd;tpm; rwl&if odYk r[kwf memory
card &JU capacity udk vufcHEdkifyHkjcif;
rwl&if oHk;vdkY&rSm r[kwfyg/ bmyJjzpf
jzpf uifr&m&JU card slot xJudk tqif
ajyajy xnfhEdkif&if oHk;vdkY&w,fvdkY
,lqEdkifygw,f/
card awG taMumif;
19 Memory
a&;xm;wm trsKd;tpm; 20
avmuf awG&U ygw,f/ rSw&f cufvYkd t"du
ta&;MuD;wJh memory card awGudk
azmfjyay;yg/
rS e f y gw,f / uk r Ü P D r sm;pG m u
tjydKifxkwfvkyfMuvdkY trsKd;tpm;vnf;
rsm;Muygw,f/ odYkjzpfí memory card
taMumif; a&;&mrSmvnf; reference
awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk arTaESmuf
&Sm&ygw,f/ tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh vlod
trsm;qHk; trsKd;tpm;rsm;rSm Secure
Digital (SD), Compact Flash,
Memory Stick eJY xD vdYk rSwx
f m;&if
vHkavmufygjyD/
Secure Digital odYk r[kwf SD u
ay:jyLvm tjzpfqHk;vdkY qdkygw,f/
t&G,ftpm;i,fayr,fh ca-
pacity jrifhjyD; pGrf;aqmif
Edkifcsuf aumif;rGefygw,f/
Multi Media Card
(MMC) uwfrsm;udkvnf;
¤if; SD uwftpm; oHk;Edkif
ygw,f/ t&G,ftpm;twlwl
jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tcsKdUaom
uif r &meJ Y rD ' D , mypö n f ; awG r S m
tenf;i,f vGw J wfygw,f/ Mini SD
u SD xuf ydkao;ygw,f/ 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mrsm;rSm odyfroHk;Muao;
yg/ Adapter cHjyD; SD uwfawGvdk
oHk;Edkifygw,f/
'kwd, trsKd;tpm;u Compact
Flash odkYr[kwf CF rsm; jzpfygw,f/
Capacity jrifh jyD; yHk t&nf taoG;
aumif;pGm ½dkuf,lEdkifwJh digital SLR
uifr&mrsm;rSm oHk;Muygw,f/ ¤if;wGif
CompactFlash Type I trsKd;tpm;udk
toHk;rsm;ygw,f/ Adapter cHjyD; SD
uwfrsm;udk tpm;xdk; oHk;Edkifygw,f/
CF Type II u Microdrive vdkY rSwf
xm;Edkifygw,f/ wwd,u Memory
Stick jzpfjyD; oleJYtwlwl Memory
Stick, Memory Stick Duo vd k Y
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rSwfxm;Edkifygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk qdkeD
(Sony) &JU xkwu f ek yf pön;f rsm;rSm toH;k
rsm;wmudk owdjyK&ygr,f/ ¤if;wdYk onf
av;axmifyh kH &Snaf rsmarsm'DZikd ;f eJY jzpfyg
w,f/ aemufwpfrsKd;u xD Picture
Cards rsm; jzpfygw,f/ qdkeD ypönf;
toHk;rsm;&ifawmh oHk;&wm rqdk;bl;vdkY
qdkygw,f/
aemufodxm;oifhwJh uwfu xD
Picture Cards jzpfygw,f/ t&G,f
tpm;u awmfawmfi,fvdkY uifr&m
tao;pm;awGrSm toHk;rsm;ygw,f/
txl;ojzifh Fuji eJY Olympus uifr&m
awGrSm toHk;rsm;Muygw,f/
20 vuf&Sd capacity b,favmuf
txd a&mufaejyvD J/
Memory card rsm; ay:cgpu
tcsuftvuf odkavSmifEdkifrI (capa-
city) awG 'Davmufjrefjref jzpfvmvdrfh
r,fvdkY rxifcJhyg/ 'gayr,fh 2002
ckESpfrSm capacity 3GB? 2003 ckESpf
6GB? 2004 ckESpfrSm 12GB eJY 2006
ckESpftukefrSmawmh 16GB txd jzpf
vmygw,f/ Pretec ukrÜPDu 16GB
CompactFlash card udk vuf&Sd capa-
city tjrifq h ;kH vdYk qdyk gw,f/ SanDisk
uvnf; SanDisk Extreme III Com-
pactFlash 16GB udk aMunmxm;yg
w,f/ Capcity jrifhvmovdk tcsuf
tvuf o,fydkYEIef;uvnf; jrefvmyg
w,f/ tjrefEIef; 80X (12MB/s) to
133X (20MB/s) txd a&mufaeygjyD/
¤if;tjrefEeI ;f onf CD/DVD u tjref
EIe;f owfrwS cf sufrsm;eJY wlygw,f/ ¤if;
wdkY\ wefzdk;vnf; MuD;aeao;w,f qdk
ar? 2008 41
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ygawmh / Oyrmtm;jzif h SanDisk
Extreme III CompactFlash 16GB
onf a':vm 3ç99.99 vdkY qdkygw,f/
21 vlMemory card awGrmS wjcm;
oHk;ukefypönf;rsm;vdk top-10
ponf pm&if;rsK;d &dyS govm;/
Memory card rsm;udkvnf; top-
10 tjzpf a&G;cs,f trSwfay;wmrsKd;udk
tifwmeuf odkYr[kwf r*¾Zif;awGxJrSm
awGU&ygw,f/ pm&if;wpfckt& 5 rsKd;
udkom azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f/ tcsuf
tvufrsm;onf tjrJwrf; ajymif;vJEikd f
ygw,f/
1. SanDisk SD Card ($14)
2. SanDisk Cruzer Micro 4GB
Flash drive ($30)
3. SanDisk MicroSD Card 2GB
($16)
4. Sony Memory Stick Duo Pro
2GB ($25)
5. Kingston MicroSD Card 2GB
($18)
aemuf pm&if;wpfckrSm
1. SanDisk CompactFlash 4GB
($51.99)
2. SanDisk Memory Stick Pro Duo
4GB ($66.57)
3. SanDisk Secure Digital 2GB
($14.99)
4. SanDisk Extreme III Compact
Flash 8GB ($109.89)
5. SanDisk Ultra II Secure Digital
2GB ($27) wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/
22 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&meJY
yHak wG½u kd ,
f cl jhJ y;D uifr&m
rSm jyefMunhfawmh jrifae&yg
w,f/ txJuuwfudk xkwf
jyD; uGefysLwmrSm wifawmh
¤if;yHrk sm; r&dyS g/
44 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tcsKUd aom 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mrsm;
rSm internal memory qdw k mygygw,f/
Build-in memory vdkYvnf; ac:Muyg
w,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Sony Cybershot
DSC-W90 8.1 Mpixels 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mwGif Internal Memory 31MB
yg0ifygw,f/ uifr&meJYyrkH sm;udk ½du
k &f m
rSm memory card u ae&m ukefcgeD;
vdYk tqdyk g build-in memory rSm quf
jyD; xnfhay;xm;[efwlygw,f/ uwf
udk xkwfjyD; uifr&mudk uGefysLwmeJY
csdwfqufjyD;ppfMunhfyg/ uifr&mxJrSm
uwf&dSae&ifawmh rjywwfyg/
23 c&D;aqmifzek ;f (mobile phone)
awGrSm oHk;wJh memory card
trsK;d tpm;awGtaMumif; &Si;f jyay;yg/
c&D;aqmif rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;wGif
atmufazmfjyyg uwfrsm;udk toHk;rsm;
Muygw,f/ ¤if;wdYkrmS SanDisk memo-
ry card (SanDisk Micro SD Trans-
flash memroy dard), SanDisk me-
mory Stick Micro M2 memory card,
SanDisk Memory Stick Pro Duo,
SanDisk MiniSD wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/
rSw&f cuf&if MicroSD, Mini-SD, SD
Card, Pro Duo, Micro M2, MMC
Mobile trsKd;tpm;rsm;vdkY ajymEdkifyg
w,f/ rdkbdkif;vfzkef; trsKd;tpm;rsm;
taeeJY Sony Ericsson, Nokia, Sam-
sung, Ben-Q Sie-
mens,
Moto-
rola,
Black-
berry,
Dell,
E-Ten,
HP,
HTC,
I-
Mate, LG, Lobster, Mio, Nintendo,
O2, Orange, Palm, Qtek, Sagem,
Sanyo, Sharp, Sony, T-mobile,
Vodafone ponf w d k Y w G i f oH k ; Muyg
w,f/ rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;rSm trsKd;tpm;
omru zkef; version rluGJrsm;vnf;
rsm;pGm&dSvdkY oufqdkif&m manual udk
zwfjyD; 0,f,lEdkifMuygw,f/
24 Mobile phone awGrmS oH;k wJh
memory card eJY uifr&m rsm;rSm
oH;k wJh memory card u twlwyl v J m;/
twlwl jzpfygw,fvdkY ajz&rSmyg/
uifr&meJY rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;rSm non-
volatile flash memory udk oHk;Muyg
w,f/ Non-volatile qdkwm wnfjidrf
wJh vQyfppfqdkygawmh/ olu vQyfppf
pGrf;tifudk ydwfvdkufayr,fh tcsuf
tvufawGukd aumif;pGm xde;f odr;f xm;
EdkifwJh enf;ynmrsKd;yg/ uGefysLwmpuf
awGrSm ROM onf non-volatile
jzpfjyD; RAM onf volatile jzpfyg
w,f/ tJ'Dvdk tajccH flash memory
enf;ynmwlMuvdkY trsKd;tpm; rwlwm
u vGJ&if twlwloHk;Edkifw,fvdkY ajz
vdkufygw,f/
25 zk'pfe*f;awGspwf r,fSm memory
uifr&meJY rdb
k ikd ;f vf
card &JU
pGr;f &nfonf ta&; ygygovm;/
Memory card rsm;&J U t&nf
taoG;onf ta&;MuD;vmygjyD/ ,ck
tcg vlo;kH ukeyf pön;f awGutp uGeyf sL
wmeJY rD'D,m ypönf;tm;vHk;rSm flash
memory enf;ynmu ta&;ygaeyg

w,f/ t&G,ftpm; ao;i,fjcif;uyif
c&D;aqmifypönf;trsKd;rsKd;twGuf 'DZdkif;
xkw&f ? wnfaqmuf& tqifajyaejcif;
jzpfwmudk owdjyKrdygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DrSm
WRITE vkyfaqmifcsufvdkY ajymajym?
READ vkyfaqmifcsufvdkY qdkqdk? vkyf
aqmifcsufu twlwlyif jzpfygw,f/
'gayr,fh capacity MuD;jcif;eJY x-rating
EIef; jrefjcif;[laom memory card
rsm;&JU pGrf;&nfuvnf; ta&;ygae
w,fvdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/
aMumfjimawGrmS form factor
26 qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk cPcP awGU
ae&ygw,f/ bmudk qdkvdkwmygvJ/
Form factor ¤if;onf ypönf;?
ud&d,mwpfckck&JU t&G,ftpm;eJY yHk
oP²mefukd qdv k w
kd myg/ Circuit board
awG&JU t&G,ftpm;udkvnf; form fac-
tor qdkjyD; oHk;Muygw,f/
27 urÇ
mh tao;i,fq;kH uifr&m
trsK;d tpm;udk ajymEdik yf g rnfvm;/
uwfuwfowfowfajz&&if qJvf
zkef;xJ
rSm
awmif
uifr&m
udk xnfh
xm;wmjzpfvdkY 'pf*spf
w,f
uifr&m
rsm;onf b,favmufxd ao;i,fEdkif
w,fqdkwm cefYrSef;Edkifygw,f/ oD;jcm;
uifr&mwpfvHk;tjzpf Mini keying
Digital camera V2 100K model
onf tao;i,fqHk;jzpfw,fvdkY od&
ygw,f/ ¤if;onf 60_43 rDvDrDwm
t&G,ftpm;jzpfjyD; aomhcsdwfrSm a&mjyD;
wyfxm;Edkifygw,f/
OD;armifarmifMu;D
oifh MEMORY CARD
MEMORY CARD xJ yHak wG aysmufuek v
f Ykd qdak om toHukd "mwfyo
rMumcP Mum;&wwfygw,f/ ¤if; twGuf twwfEikd q
f ;kH yHak wG &daS eatmif atmufyg
tcsurf sm;eJY tMujH yKay;vdu
k yf gw,f/
1/ uifr&mu bufx&D
pGrf;tifudk tjrJwrf;
jynfhaeatmif jznfh
xm;yg/ "mwfco J ;kH &if
vnf; tm;enf;vm
wmeJYvJvdkufyg/Me-
mory card rsm;[m
tvGet f Ekpw d yf gw,f/
bufx&D pGrf;tifvdkY
ajymajym? vQyfppfpGrf;tifvdkY ajym
ajym tJ'pD rG ;f tif&UJ xdcu kd rf u I kd rcH
EdkifMuyg/ ¤if;bufx&D tm;enf;
&ifvnf; xdcdkufEdkifjyD; yHktcsKdUudk
ysuaf pygw,f/ odYkjzpfí bufx&D
udk tydkaqmifxm;oifhygw,f/
2/ uifr&mxJu yHkawGudk uGefysLwm
odYk a&TU&mrSm card reader udk toH;k
jyKyg/ uifr&meJY wdkuf½dkuf csdwf
quf&mrSm bufx&DprG ;f tifukd oH;k
&vdkY tqdkyg memory card udk
xdcdkufEdkifygw,f/
3/ uwfukd oH;k jyD;&if odYk r[kwf yHak wG
udk a&TUajymif;jyD;&if ¤if;uwfudk
format csyg/ yHkawGudk zsuf&mrSm
uGefysLwmudk roHk;ygeJY/ Format
cs&mrS m vnf ; twwf E d k i f q H k ;
uifr&mrSmyg&dw S hJ function udo
oHk;yg/ uGefysLwmuwpfqifh for-
mat rcsygeJY/
4/ uifr&mrSm cvkwu f kd EdyS v f ukd wf meJY
"mwfy½kH ukd jf cif;vkyif ef;pOf jyD;w,f
vdkY r,lqygeJY/ Memory card
rSm tcsuftvufrsm;udk tDvuf
x&Geef pfenf;eJYa&;zdYk tcsdef tenf;
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
xJu yHak wGukd rysuaf pzd&Yk m
kH rm;rsm;xHrS
i,f ydkay;vdkufyg/ qdkvdkwmu
yHw
k pfyukH kd cvkwEf ySd f ½du
k jf yD;jyD;csi;f
uifr&mudk ydwfvdkufwmrsKd;? yHkudk
jyef M unh f w mrsKd ; ? delete vk y f
wmrsKd; rvkyfygeJY/
5/ uifr&mudk (turn on) zGifhxm;pOf
memory card udk qGJrxkwfygeJY/
6/ Memory card wGifygaom owåK
contacts rsm;udk vufeJYrxdyg
ESi/hf vlawG&UJ cE¨mud, k rf mS vQyjf idrf
qdkwm &dSygw,f/ &Sif;atmif a&;&
&if vQyfppf"mwfudk tvG,fwul
pD;apw,fayghAsm/ t*Fvyd v f akd wmh
static electricity a&;Muygw,f/
ywf0ef;usifrSm a&cdk;a&aiGUawGeJY
pdkpGwfae&if ydkqdk;wwfygw,f/
aemuf v Qyf p pf " mwf od k Y r [k w f
k m oHvdkuf"mwf&dSaewJh ud&d,mrsm;
ESihf rxdryd gapeJY/ 0uftl vSnx hf yd f
rS m oH v d k u f " mwf y gwmrsKd ; awG
awGUzl;rSmyg/ ¤if;tcsufrsm;u
vnf; memory card udk ysufpD;
apygw,f/
7/ Card reader xJ xnfhjyD; yHkrsm;udk
ul;ajymif;wJt h cgrSmvnf; vkyif ef;
ar? 2008 45
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rsm; vHk;0jyD;pD;rS uwfudk jyefjzKwf
yg/
8/ Memory card rSm jyóem wpfck
ck&dSaejyDvdkY ,lqwmeJY wpfjydKif
euf vkyfief;udk vHk;0&yfvdkufyg/
oabmu "mwfyHkqufr½dkufeJY/
tcsdef&&if uwfudk format csyg/
'grSr[kwf yHak wGukd zsufyg/ yHak wG
u ta&;MuD;w,fqdk&if Image
Recovery aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk
oHk;jyD; yHkawGudk q,fxkwf,lyg/
9/ uifr&mxJu Delete All od k Y
r[kwf Format options wdkYudk
txl; owdxm;oH;k yg/ pdwrf avm
ygeJY/ uifr&m ruRrf;usifoludk
ay;roHk;ygeJY/ vdktyfvdkYay;&if
vnf; uwfxJu yHkawGudk tukef
xkwf,lodrf;xm;vdkufyg/
10/ Memory card eJY bufx&D tydk
rsm;udk aqmifxm;jcif;jzifh ta&;
ay: tajctae odkYr[kwf c&D;
xGuf&mrSm oifhudk pdwftaESmihf
t,Suf ray:apEdkifyg/
MEMORY CARD rsm;udk ppfaq;Edik zf &Ykd m
Memory card rsm;onf tDvuf
x&Geef pfypön;f rsm; jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdYk
\ t&nftaoG;ESifh aqmif&GufEdkifcsuf
rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef ud&d,mrsm; &dSaomf
vnf; toHk;enf;Muygonf/ txl;
ojzifh uGefysLwm aqmhzf0Jrsm;jzifhom
prf;oyf ppfaq;Mujcif; jzpfonf/
46 uGefysLwm*sme,f
aqmhz0f rJ sm; download (packing) raooyfjcif; odkYr[kwf
&,ljcif; xl;jcm;rI &dSaejcif;
tif w meuf search - txltyg; rnDjcif;
wG i f 'memory card - Manual uJhodkY pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;?
software' [k ½dkufxnfh aMumfjimpm&Gurf sm;wGif ta&;tom;
um 0ufbfqdkufrsm;udk tcsKUd vGaJ ejcif;? Oyrm Sony Corpo-
MunhfEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYrS ration udk Sorry Corporation [k
ESpfouf&m zdkifrsm;udk a&;xm;jcif;? serial number eHygwf
download &,l E d k i f rsm; a&;xm;yHkonf yHkpHrusjcif;
onf/ TechRepublic, filetransit, - Sandisk uJhodkY secure digital me-
ProgramURL.com. UltimateSLR. mory cards twkrsm;wGif tppfuo hJ Ykd
com uJhodkY 0ufbfqdkufrsm;wGif me- vHkjcHKrIxdef; cvkwfi,f ryg&dSjcif;?
mory card ESifh oufqdkifonfh aqmhzf0J tppfwGif 'Limited Lifetime War-
rsm;pGm &,lEdkifygonf/ ranty' [k a&;om;xm;jyD; twkwGif
'Lifetime Warranty' [k a&;xm;
Memory card twkrsm; wwfjcif;
Memory card aps;uGuw
f iG f twk - Digital camera, memory card
rsm;vnf; &do S nf/ odYk &mwGif ¤if;wdYk tm; ta&mif;qdkifrsKd; r[kwfjcif; ponf
twk? tppf cGJjcm;Edkif&ef ppfaq;onfh tcsufrsm;udk owdjyK&ygrnf/ uwf
aqmhzf0J r&dSao;yg[k qdkonf/ tjrif twkrsm;onf uwftppfESifh tenf;
jzifhom ppfaq; a&G;cs,f&ygvdrfhrnf/ i,f uGmjcm;rI &dSwwfygonf/ ¤if;
odYkr[kwf ¤if;uwfrsm;\ aqmif&u G Ef ikd f wdYk ukd oD;jcm;Munhv f Qif cGjJ cm;&ef cuf
csuw f Ykdukd aqmhz0f jJ zifh ppfaq;Edik o
f nf/ rnfjzpfí tppfESifh EdIif;,SOfygu
rnfodkYyifjzpfap memory card 0,f jcm;em;rIrsm;udk tvG,w f ul awGUEdik f
onfhtcg ygrnf/
- odxm;onfh aps;EIef;xuf ydkí enf;
aevQif od k Y r[k w f aps;ud k qpf uwftwk 0,frdygu
oavmuf avQmhay;aevQif tqkdyg uwftwkudk rodvdkufí
- tmrcHcsuf ray;jcif; oHk;onfhtcg
- jyKvkyfxm;onfh 'DZdkif;onf tjrif - trSwf wHqdyfwGif 2GB odkYr[kwf
tm;jzifh raooyfjcif;? xkyfydk;rI 1,948MB [k a&;xm;aomfvnf;
wu,fwrf;wGif capacity
1GB om &dSjcif;
- Format csír&jcif;
- owfrSwfxm;aom tjref
EIef;rsm; rrSefjcif;? aES;aejcif;
- ysupf ;D vG,jf cif;wdYk MuHKawGU
&ygvdrfhrnf/
uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

uReaf wmfeYJ Spam rsm;

odrYk [kwf
Cyber world eJY rqdik w
f hJ uReaf wmf

uRefawmfwdkY uGefysLwmawGudk 125 a':vmeJY wm0ef,l ay;ydkYaeyg vnf; ay:vmygw,f/ olwdkYvnf;

toHk;jyKaewJholawG[m e-mail eJY w,f/ 'Dawmh 'D spam awGu pdwyf suf jyefvnfwu dk cf u
dk af eygw,f/ enf;rsK;d pHk
ruif;EkdifMuygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm 'D p&maumif;avmufatmifuykd J aps;csKcd sKed YJ eJYygyJ/ 'gayr,fh tckcsdefxd Ekdifajc r&Sd
e- mail eJY ywfoufjyD; pdw½
f yI &f wmawG uRefawmfwdkYuGefysLwmawGxJudk a&muf ao;ygbl;/
MuHKawGYae&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYqD Spammer ac:wJ h 'D p mawG u d k
a&muf v mwJ h uRef ay;ydkYaeolawGeJY vHkjcHK
awmfwdkY uGefysLwm a&; vkyfay;wJh ukrÜPD
xJ 0ifvmwJh e-mail awG aMumifeJY <uufvdk
tapmifa& 20 &Sd&if jzpfaeMuygw,f/ 'gay
19 apmifu spam r,fh spammer awGu
awG jzpfaewwfyg wDxGifMuHqrI wpfyef;
w,f/ Spam qdkwm om aeygw,f/ Inno-
u uRefawmfwdkY rvdk vative jzpfw,fayghAsm/
csifwJh? uRefawmfwdkY olwdkY vkyfyHkav;awGudk
eJY vHk;0 rywfouf ajymjyyghr,f/ vHkjcHKa&;
wJh e-mail awG jzpf orm;awGu wm;qD;
ygw,f/ 'gawGu ay;wJh filter ac: ukwf
bmjzpfvYkd a&mufvm qdkygawmhAsm/ tJ'gudk
wmvJ / trsm;pk ausmfvTm;zdkY&ef t"du
uawmh aMumf j im uswJh pmvHk;awG? udef;
awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ *Pef ; awG ? aeY&uf
ukefypönf; a&mif;cs ajymif ; ay;ygw,f /
ol a wG u ol w d k Y pmvHk;awGudk ae&m ]csJ}
ypönf;udk 0,fzdkY&ef ay;ygw,f/ Filter u
jr§LqG,fwJh pmawGyJ rodawmh ausmfvTm;0if
jzpfygw,f/ 'D spam awGuvnf; b,f vmaeygw,f/ 'Dawmh wpfcg uRefawmf a&mufoGm;ygw,f/ 'Dvdk keyboard
wkef;urS aps;MuD;w,f r&Sdygbl;/ aps; wdkYu 'D spam awG &efu umuG,fzdkY awGudk odoGm;jyefawmh oHo, rjzpf
aygaygeJYyJ &&SdEkdifygw,f/ tGefvkdif; MudK;pm;&jyefw,f/ 'Dvyk if ef;rSm a':vm EkdifwJh pmom;awGudk xyfjznfhay;yg
rm;uufwif; ukrÜPDawGu vdyfpm awGukd bDv, D cH sD ukeu
f s&ygw,f/ 'Dvkd w,f/ t"du pmvH;k awG&UJ &mckid Ef eI ;f udk
aygif; oef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk a':vm spam awGudk vHkjcHKrIay;wJh ukrÜPDawG avQmhcsvkdufwmjzpfygw,f/ pmvufcH

48 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

wJo h ul tydpk mvH;k awGeYJqakd wmh Za0Z0g awGudk cdk;,lygw,f/ bPfawGu aiG uRefawmfwdkY? aqmhzdkYavmufyJ uGefysL
jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtwGufaMumifh pm&if;awGudk cdk;wwfygw,f/ jcdrf; wmudk toHk;jyKMuwmyJ r[kwfvm;/
rjrifEidk w f hJ uk,
d af ysmufaewJh pmom;awG ajcmufrIwpfck jzpfaeygw,f/ tifwm 'Dawmh uRefawmfuawmh 'D spam
xnfhay;jyefygw,f/ puúLjzLay:rSm euftay: ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIawG avsmh awGvnf; raMumufrvefYygbl;/ tJ
pmvHk;tjzLeJY a&;ay;ygw,f/ wpfcg enf;vmapygw,f/ Akdif;&yfpfawmh vefYoAs/ uRefawmf
vHjk cHKa&;orm;awG zH;k uG,af ewJh pmom; 'gawGu urÇmrSm jzpfysufaewm? rufarmvdkY pkxm;wJh data av;awG
awGudk awGY&SdEkdifwJh filter awG vkyfvm MuH K awG Y ae&wmawG jzpf y gw,f / aysmufoGm;rSm aMumufoAs/
wJhtcgrSm olwdkY[m olwdkY&JU message uRefawmfwdkYuawmh toHk;jyKrI enf;ae wpfcgwke;f u uReaf wmf[m uRef
awGudk website awGay:wifjyD; links ao;awmh jcdr;f ajcmufrMI uD;vdYk rawGYMuHK awmf cvkwfwkdufjyD; yvwfayguf
awG vkyfay;xm;vkdufygw,f/ wpfcg &ao;ygbl;/ MudK;pm; yrf;pm; pwif uRwo f mG ;vdYk hard-disk xJu data awG
'D links awGuaejyD; spam awGudk toHk;jyKptqifhyJ &Sdygao;w,f/ bm aysmufukefzl;w,f/ uRefawmf tawmf
vkduf&SmwJhtcgrSmawmh spam e-mail jzpf r vJ A sm/ cif A sm; uG e f y sLwmrS m av; vefYoGm;cJhzl;ygw,f/
awG[m w&m;0if website rsm;pGmeJY cifAsm; rvdkcsifwJh? cifAsm;eJY rqkdifwJhpm uRefawmfh tjrifuawmh 'gygyJ/
link awG vkyx f m;jyD; vHjk cHKa&;orm;awG 0ifvm&if cifAsm;bmvkyfrvJ/ jrefrm
½IyfaxG;oGm;atmif vkyfvmMuygw,f/ yDyDygyJ/ zwfMunfhvkdufyg/ aemufrS OD;rsK;d (tdik w
f -D tef;wdw)f
ponf ponfjzifah yghAsm/ <uufeYJaMumif zsuf y pf v k d u f a ygh / bmta&;vJ / (Newsweek r*¾Zif;rS
vk d u f w rf ; ajy;wrf ; upm;aeMuyg uReaf wmfawmh 'Dvykd J ,lqxm;ygw,f/ BenjaminSutherland a&;wJh
w,f/ olrsm;EkdifiHawGrSmom a&;MuD;cGifus,f Escalating Spam Wars Take
aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh botnet vdkY vkyaf eMuwmyg/ uRefawmfwYkd tzdYk at; Their Toll aqmif;yg;udk qDavsmaf tmif
ac:ygw,f/ w&m;r0if network wpfck aq;ygyJ / E-mail qd k w mvnf ; Asm bmomjyefqdk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/)
jzpfjyD; hacker awGu xdef;csKyfxm;yg rdom;pkudpeö JY tvkyfudpö tenf;tyg;
w,f/ tJ'Duwpfqifh spam awGudk yJ&Sdwm? usefwmawGu cifAsm;wdkY?
ay;ydkYaeygw,f/ 'D botnet
awGudk ajratmufurÇmvdkY ac:
wJh vlqdk;vlrdkufurÇmrSm iSm;
&rf;ygw,f/ 0,f&if a&mif;yg
w,f/ w&m;r0if software
awGeJY botnet udk zefwD;yg
w,f/ Spam awGukd ydYkygw,f/
'D botnet awGuvnf; zrf;rd
zdkY rvG,fvSygbl;/ Network
awGudk ydwfxm;vkduf? csdwf
qufvkduf vkyfwwfygw,f/
'Dawmh ajc&mcHzrf;qD;zdkY&ef
cufcJaeygw,f/
'D spam awGu aMumfjim
awG omru Akdif;&yfpfawGyg
o,fvmcJhMuygw,f/ data

ar? 2008 49
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*
yDpt
D qifjh ri§ hf wyfqifykH
(How to Install)

vuf&t dS qift
h wef;0if yDpo
D pf wpfv;kH udk 0,f,zl Ykd aiGaMu;tiftm;
enf;yg;aeao;w,fq&dk if rdrv d uf&dS yDpu
D kd txdu
k t
f avsmuf tqifjh ri§ zhf Yakd wmh
vkyfMu&awmhrSm jzpfw,f/

'DtcgrmS RAM topf vJv, S w

f yfqifwmrsK;d
awG &SEd idk o
f vdk *&yfzpfuwftopf wyfqif&
wmrsK;d awGvnf; &Syd gvrd rhf ,f/ yDpt D pdwt f ydik ;f
awG qkdwmxuf [mh'f0JtopfawGudk tqifh
jr§ifhwifvJvS,fwyfqifwmvdkY qkd&rSmjzpf tqifjh ri§ hf wyfqifrrI jyKvyk rf D vku
d ef maqmif&u
G &f eftcsurf sm;
w,f/ 'gro S m rdr&d UJ yDpu
D kd pGr;f aqmif&nfjrifjh rifeh YJ
1/ rdr&d JU vuf&dS data awGukd back up vkyf odr;f qnf;xm;yg/
toH;k csciG hf &ygvrd rhf ,f/ 'Dvt kd qifjh ri§ hf wyfqif wu,fvYdk rdryd pD t D wGuf hard drive vJv, S rf I ryg0ifww Jh idk f
jcif;u rdr&d UJ yDpoD ufwrf;udk jri§ w hf ifay;vdu k f a&&maocsmrI &Sad pzdYk back up udk vky&f rSm jzpfw,f/
rdrtd wGuf ta&;ygwhJ files rSeo f rQukd networked drive
ovdk jzpfoGm;aprSm trSejf zpfw,f/ tqifh wpfcu k kd jzpfap? external storage unit wpfcq k u D jkd zpfap
jri§ hw
f ifrt I wGuf ud, k w f idk v
f yk faqmifawmhr,f ul;,l ajymif;a&TU,l&ygvdrhfr,f/ tqkd;qHk;tajctaewpf&yfeJY
qk&d ifvnf; vrf;nTeaf v; &Sad ewmu ydjk y;D &ifqkdifvmwJhtcsdefrSm back up vkyfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh
tusKd;&v'frsm;pGm &&SdvmaprSm jzpfw,f/
vG,u f l jrefqefygvrd rfh ,f/ 'DtcgrmS vkyu f idk o
f l 2/ vQypf pfyg0g cvkwu f ykd w
d v
f udk w
f Jt h jyif yvyfMuKd ;udyk g jzKwf
twGuf vufeufud&, d mypön;f wefqmyvm xm;&ygr,f/ twGif;ydkif;uGefysLwm tpdwftydkif;awG
tcsKaUd wmh vkt d yfaerSm jzpfw,f/ vkt d yfr,fh trsm;pku ta&;wMuD; jzKwfcsxm;p&m r&Sdyg/ rvdkvm;tyfbJ
jzKwfxm;&ifom xdckdufysufpD;rI &SdEkdifygw,f/ (wu,fvdkYom
vufeuf ud&, d mpm&if;udk The Essential ae&mus,fus,f &Sdr,fqkd&if tjym;vkduftwkdif; vSJcsjyD;
PC Toolkit rSm jrifawGU Ekid yf gw,f/ vkyfukdifEkdi&f if ydkjyD; vkyf&udkif&vG,fulapygw,f/)
3/ vkyfukdifr,fholtwGuf *a&mif;vkyfxm;zdkY vdkw,f/ vQyfppfjidrf
u tpdwftydkif;awGtwGuf tvGef'ku©ay;Ekdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh
twGif;ydkif;u ypönf;awGudk wpfckrSrudkifwG,fao;rD rdrd
uk,d w f idk f discharge vkyx f m;zdYk vkyd gw,f/ Antistatic wrist
strap udk PC toolkits xJu ,ljy;D oH;k Edik w f ,f/ yDpt D rd x f JrmS
aq;rokwfxm;wJh tpdwftykdif;awGudkvnf; rxdrdatmif
owdxm;&ygr,f/

52 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Motherboard topfeYJ CPU
topfawGudk wyfqifjcif;
1 vuf&dS rdr&d JU yDpu
D kd qef;ppfMunhyf g/
bmwpfckrQ rvkyfrD rdrdvuf&Sd yDpD
tdrf Case taeeJY ATX vm;? Micro
ATX vm;pojzifh b,fvkd form fac-
tor udk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufxm;w,fqkdwm
taotcsm avhvmxm;&ygvdrfhr,f/
'Dae&mrSm motherboard udk tqifhjr§ifh
&if; CPU yg wpfcgwnf; tqifjh r§i, hf l
&wJh oabm &Sd aumif; &Sd Ekdif w,f/
'gaMumifhrdkY topf wyf qif r,fh
motherboard eJY CPU vkdufavsm
nDaxG toHk;csEkdifrI &Sd r&Sdqkdwmudk
t&ifqHk; ppfaq;xm;&rSm jzpfw,f/
Motherboard rSm optical drive
eJY hard drives awGukd IDE trsKd;tpm;
jzpfvYkd ribbon cables awGeYJ qufo, G f
&rSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf ydkjyD;yg;vTmwJh
Serial ATA (SATA) eJY qufo, G &f rSm
vm; qkdwmvnf; odxm;&ygr,f/
Boards a[mif; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
awmh ESpfckvHk; ygygw,f/ wu,fvdkY
IDE drives ESpfckxuf ydkr,fqkd&if
board topfrSm second IDE con-
nector wpfckygvmzdkY vdkygvdrhfr,f/
toHk;jyKxm;wJh Windows MuD;&JU
vk d i f p if v nf ; &S d a e&rS m jzpf w ,f /
Motherboard udk topfvJvS,fjyD;
vdktyfwJh reactivating awG vkyf&OD;rSm
jzpfw,f/ wu,fvdkYrsm; rdrd yDpDu
OEM version jzpfae&if Windows
topf 0,fxnhfudk xnhf&rSmyg/
ta[mif;u
2 Motherboard
wyfqifxm;wJh tpdwt f ydik ;f awG
Cable awG udk jzKwyf g/
Windows udpö ajymMur,fqkd&if
rdrdtaeeJY qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck vkyf&
ygr,f / wu,f v d k Y motherboard
topfwyfrS &r,fh tajctaersKd;qkd&if
vuf&Sd windows installation udk 'D
twkdif;yJ qufxm;rvm; 'grSr[kwf
boot drive eJY start udk wpfqufwnf;
tjyD;tpD; z,fxkwfjyD; tcGifhtvrf;
opfukd ,lrvm;qkw d hJ qH;k jzwfcsuaf wGyJ
jzpfw,f/ wu,fvdkY 'kwd,tpDtpOf
udk MudKufr,fqdk&ifawmh rdrdtwGuf
Windows eJY vdktyfwJh application
awG? pD'Dcsyfjym;awG toifhaqmifxm;
&ygvdrhfr,f/
Case &JU tumudk z,fxw k jf yD;wm
eJY vuf&SdjrifuGif; t&yf&yfudk "mwfyHk
½dkuful;,lvkdufyg/ yDpD&JU rear panel
eJY interior awGudk t"duxm; ½dkuf,l
xm;&ygr,f/ 'grSr[kwf Cables awG
tm;vHk;udk jzKwfjyD; Label trnfav;
awG ½duk jf yD; rSwx
f m;ay;xm;oifw
'DaeYacwf connectors awG awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;u Color-Coded awG yg&SdjyD;
jzpfygvdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,fh MudKwif jyif
qifwJhtaeeJY 'Dvkyfief;pOfudk vkyfxm;
Ekdif&ef tEÅ&m,f tcuftcJ tuif;&Sif;
qHk; jzpfEkdifw,f/
Motherboard ta[mif;&JU ex-
pansion slots awG r S m wyf x m;wJ h
b,fvdk cards rsK;d rqkd jzKwfypf&ygr,f/
yxrqH;k case eJYwGJxm;wJh screen awG
udk jzKwfjyD; board rSm ukyfxm;wJh
uvpfawG jzKw&f r,f/ jyD;&if wnfw h nfh
rwfrwf qGx J w k , f &l r,f/ (txl;ojzifh
Express X16 cards qkd&if lever udk
ukyfxm;wJh uvpfudkjzKwf&rSm jzpf
w,f/) jzKwfjyD;oGm;wJh card awGukd oefY
&Si;f wJh ae&mwpfae&mrSm oyfoyf&yf&yf
tpDt&D csxm;yg/ csxm;wJhae&m[m
vQyfppfjidrf uif;&Sif;wJh ae&mjzpf&yg
r,f/
aemuf t qif h t aeeJ Y mother-
h ,f/ board rSm wGJxm;wJh cables eJY PSU
qufo, G w
f hJ 0kid ,f mawGukd jzKwf&r,f/
jyD;&if front panel uae optical drive
awGeJY hard drive awG jzKwf,l&r,f/
Fans awGutp vkdtyf
wJ h ypö n f ; awG quf
oG,frIudk jzKwf&rSm jzpf
w,f/ MuD;rm;wJh PSU
qkd&if Lever udk n§pf,l
jyD;rS qGjJ zKwf&ygvdrrfh ,f/
2 Mother-
board ta[mif;
udk z,fxkwfvkduf
jy;D topfukd wyfyg/
Motherboard
ta[mif ; ud k jzKwf w J h
tcg screws 6 vHk;u
ae 9 vHk;txd jzKwf,l&
rSm jzpfw,f/ Screws
tm;vHk; jzKwfjyD;wJhtcg
motherboard ta[mif;
ud k jzKwf , l & ygr,f /
ar? 2008 53
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*
Board topfxnhfjyD; ygvmwJh anti-
static bag twGif;rSm xnhfjyD; odrf;
xm;wm taumif;qHk;jzpfygvdrhfr,f/
1
/0 panel awGu motherboard topf
eJYtwl ygvmygw,f/ Board &JU port
arrangement twGuf jyefjyD;'DZdkif;
twkdif; tpDtpOf jyKvkyfay;&ygw,f/
1
/0 panel topfudk xnfhwJhtcg ydkifydkif
EdkifEkdifzdjyD; uvpfqkdwJhtoHeJYtwl tH
us jzpfomG ;wJt h xd txkid cf s,&l ygr,f/
'DtcsdefrSm processor wdkY? cool-
ing fan wYkd? RAM wdkYudk mother-
board txdi k rf csrD wyfqifzYkd taumif;
qH;k tajctae jzpfw,f/ RAM awGukd
wyf q if w J h t cg model twG i f ; u
notch awGeJY lever awGudk rdrd&& jzpf
apzkdY *½kjyK&ygr,f/ olY notch yHkpH
twkdif; trSefjzpfjyDqkdrS Lever eJY ukyfzdkY
MudK;pm;,l&rSm jzpfw,f/
Processor ud k wyf q if w mu
awmh ydkjyD; *½kpkduf&ygvdrfhr,f/ Intel
&,f? AMD &,f 'DZdkif;csif; rwlMu
ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tckacwf proces-
sor awGtwGufuawmh sockets awGeJY
uD;udkufae&mrSm jzpfw,f/ wyfqifwJh
tcg tm;xnfhjyD; wyfqifzdkY rMudK;pm;
ygeJY? trSm;t,Gif; jyKrd&if ysufpD;oGm;
Ekdifygw,f/ CPU twGuf thermal
paste av; wpfckudk toHk;cs&ygr,f/
jyD;&if fan udk board rSm wGJ,l&r,f/
Fan u CPU udk tkyfaewhJtaetxm;
rsK;d jzpfw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm board &JU CPU
fan header qDudk fan power cable
wyf&ef rarhzdkY vdkygw,f/
wu,fvkdY rdrdtopfwyfqifwJh
motherboard u ta[mif;eJY t&G,f
tpm;yHpk H wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaer,fq&dk if
Case rSm cse d wf , G v
f smxm;zdYk rvkyd gbl;/
rwlcJh&ifawmh Case eJY wGJzufjyD; wdwd
usus wG,fuyfEkdifzdkY csdefnd§vsmxm;rI
awG vk y f & ygvd r h f r ,f / ,aeY a cwf
54 uGefysLwm*sme,f
motherboard awG u t&G , f t pm;
trsKd;rsKd;eJY xkwfvkyfvmwm rsm;wmrdkY
MuD;csivf nf; MuD;aewwfw,f/ i,f&if
vnf; i,faewwfw,f/ 1/0 panel awG
uwpfqifh ports awG taetxm;udk
motherboard topfeYJ cse dw
f ,
G af e&mcs
xm;,l&rSm jzpfw,f/ Case rSm &SdwJh
taygufawGeJY wpfxyfwnf;usjyD qkd
&ifawmh rlvu jzKwfxm;wJh screw
awGeYJ jyefjyD; taotcsm wG,u f yf wyf
qifay;&ygr,f/
4/ Motherboard topfrmS
tpdwt f ydik ;f ta[mif;awG jyef wyfyg/
tqifh 2 rSm jzKwfcsxm;cJw h hJ quf
oG,rf aI wGukd jyefquf ,l&ygawmhr,f/
Expansion Cards awGudkvnf; ouf
qkdif&m slots awGxJrSm jyefwyfay;&
w,f/ toHk;rjyKawmhwJh umbmayguf
awG &Sdae&if jyefydwfxm;&ygr,f/
twGif;ydkif;rSm&SdaewJh Cables awG
udk rlvu rSwfom;xm;wJhtwkdif; jyef
qufoG,fvkduf&if tvG,fwul jyD;pD;
oGm;rSm jzpfw,f/ ydjk yD;aocsmapcsif&if
motherboard eJYtwlygvmwJh dia-
gram udk MunhhfjyD; ppfaq;Ekdifygao;
w,f/ txl; pyg,f&S,f owdjyK&rSmu
USB eJY FireWire Cables awG rSm;
,Gif; rwyfqifzdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ wu,f
vkdY rSm;,Gif; wyfqifrd&if System udk
tMuD;tus,f xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;apEkdif
ygw,f/
Front-panel connection ud k
vnf; *½kpkduf wyfqif&ygw,f/ uRrf;
usifolawGawmif tcuftcJ enf;enf;
&SdEkdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh tqifh 2 rSm jzKwf
pOfu cables awGukd Level eJY rSwo f m;
cJhwmrsKd;? "mwfyHk½dkuful;,lcJhwmrsKd; &Sd
xm;jyD;&ifawmh tvG,fwul jyóem
wpfpHkwpf&mr&SdbJ rSefrSefuefuef wyf
qifrIawG vkyfEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ wpfcg
motherboard &JU manual rSmygwJh
diagram uvnf; taxmuftul jyK
ay;Ekdifw,f/ b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf 'Dvdk
jyefvnf wyfqifrIrSm tenf;tusOf;
trSm;t,Gif; &SdEkdifygao;w,f/ ppf
aq;rIudk txyfxyftcgcg jyKvkyf&rSm
jzpfw,f/
5/ tjy;D owf aqmif&Guyf g/
Case udk jyefydwfjyD; aemufbuf
panel rSm wyfqifp&m&SdwJh cables awG
udk jyefvnf wyfqifay;vdu k jf yD; yg0gudk
zGifh&efom usefygawmhw,f/ pwifzGifh
zGifhcsif; system rS boot vkyfaeygvdrhf
rnf/ Motherboard topf&JU splash
screw udkvnf; jrifawGU&rSm jzpfw,f/
tqifhqifh nTefMum;vmwJh instruc-
tions awGtwdkif; BIOS udk 0ifyg/
Drive eJY RAM awG&JU configuration
udk ppfaq;,lyg/ t&m&mudk recog-
nized vkyr f &I adS Mumif;udk owdjyK&ygvdrfh
r,f/ USB. 2.0 'grSr[kwf PCI Ex-
press twGuf support vkyfEkdif rvkyf
Ekdifudk Munhf½Ippfaq;&ygr,f/ Board
u tajymif;tvJrSeforQudk Save vkyf
zdkYvnf; ajymay;aeygvdrhfr,f/
tJ'Daemuf rlv Windows MuD;udk
roH;k awmhzYkd qH;k jzwfjyD; topfwifw,f
qkdygpdkY/ Motherboard drives awG
udkyg install vkyfay;zdkY vdktyfrSm jzpf
w,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh 'Dudpu ö dk tvdk
tavsmuf boot vkyf&if; wifoGm;yg
vdrhfr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm drivers qkdwm
board 0,f,lpOfrSmyJ toifhygvmrSm
jzpfw,f/
tu,fí reinstall route jyD ;
oGm;&if Windows CD MuD;udk opti-
cal drive xJ xnhfay;vkdufyg/ BIOS
udk wdkuf½dkuf qufoG,f&if; boot vkyf
oGm;rSm jzpfw,f/ jyD;wmeJY OS udk quf
wifoGm;vkduf½HkygyJ/
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*
RAM topf wyfqifjcif;
1 rdryd pD eD YJ udu
k n
f rD ,fh RAM udk
&SmazG ,lyg/
yDpD&JU motherboard model u
vufcHaqmif&GufEkdifr,fh RAM trsKd;
tpm;udk documentation awGu wpf
qif h ppf a q;&S m azG & rS m jzpf w ,f /
wu,fvkdY 'DtcsdefrSm rdrdrSm manual
awG? specification awG toifh&Sdrae
&ifvnf; ylyifp&m rvdkyg/ tGefvdkif;u
wpfqifh uGefysLwmxkwfvkyfolawG&JU
site udk 0ifMunhf&if; &SmazGMunhf½IEkdif
ygw,f/ olwYkd rmS database wpfck vkyf
xm;jyD; toHk;jyKolawG tqifoifh
Munhf½Ippfaq;EkdifzdkY jyifqifay;xm;yg
vdrfhr,f/ xkwfvkyfol? armf',f trnf
eJY armf',feHygwf twdtus &SdaeapzdkYyJ
ta&;MuD;ygw,f/
RAM topfudk xnfhwJhae&mrSm
identical modules wpfpHkpmjzpfap
vkw d q
hJ E´ &Sad umif;&SMd uygvdrrhf ,f/ tpHk
vdkufvnf; motherboard rS vufcH
ATX power supply udk
wyfqifjcif;
rSeu
f efoifah vsmw
f hJ power sup-
1 ply unit (PSU) udk a&G;,lyg/
Power Supply Unit trsm;pku
ATX form factor twGuf 'DZi kd ;f jyKvyk f
xm;wwfMuw,f/ wcsKdUu Micro
ATX Cases awGudk toHk;cscJh&ifawmh
udkufnDwJh power supply unit udk
a&G;cs,f&rSm jzpfw,f/ PSU topfudk
r0,f,lrD rdrd case eJY tH0ifcGifus jzpf
rjzpfudk tenf;qHk;ESpfMudrfcefY ppfaq;
&ygvdrrfh ,f/ 'Dae&mrSm a':vm 20 wef
avmuf PSU awGvnf; &SdaerSm jzpf
w,f/ aps;EIef;csKdomayr,fh pdwfcs&rI
56 uGefysLwm*sme,f
EkdifzdkY slots awG toifhyg&SdjyD; jzpfyg
w,f/
2 RAM udk xnhyf g
Motherboard ay:u RAM
slots ae&mwGif ae&mcsxm;&ygvdrhf
r,f/ Lots xJ xnhfr,fhae&mrSm mod-
ules udk zrf;xdef;xm;ay;r,fh yvwf
pwpfukwfav;awG &Sdw,f/ ukwfav;
awGukd wpfzufwpfcsupf D z,fjyD; mod-
ules &JU tpGef;zsm;awGudk ukdifjyD; me-
rvHkavmufay/ taumif;qHk;uawmh
a':vm 60 wefxufrenf; toH;k jyKEkid f
&if taumif;qHk; jzpfaeygvdrhfr,f/
t"du power rating udk tav;xm;&
rSm jzpfw,f/ Modular cables awG
twGuf support vkyfwJh additional
features awGvnf; &SdzdkY vdkygw,f/
2 PSU ta[mif;udk jzKwx
f w
k yf g
yxrqH;k vQyfppfyg0gMudK;udk jzKwf
xm;vdu k yf g/ ab;umudjk zKwfjyD; tpdwf
tykdif;awGeJY qufaewJh power con-
nectors awG tm;vH;k udk *½kwpku d f jzKwf
,l&ygw,f/ Optical drive eJY hard
drive awG&JU Connectors awGudk odrf
arGUpGm ukid w
f ,G &f if; jzKwfyg/ yifacsmif;
mory udk wnfhwnfhrwfrwf aeom;
wus xnfh,lyg/ jyD;&if ukwfav;awG
eJY jyefjyD; zrf;ukyf xdef;xm;ay;vdkuf&
ygw,f/
3 RAM topfudk prf;oyfyg
RAM tvkyfvkyf rvkyfqkdwmudk
odzkdY pufudk boot vkyf,lvkdufyg/ puf
u boot vkyfaepOf &yfoGm;jyD; yg0g
jzwfawmufvkdufygu yg0g yvyfudk
jyefjznhfjyD; module &JU txdkifusus
xyfjyD; ppfaq;cH&ygr,f/ wu,fvdkY
RAM u tqifajyw,fqkd&if Win-
dows &JU System Properties tjcrf;
rSm RAM &JU yrmPtopfudk jyoay;
aeygvdrhfr,f/ (XP pepfqkdygu Con-
trol panel &JU system icon udk dou-
ble click vkyMf unhE
f idk o
f vdk Vista pepf
qkdygu System and Maintenance
rS System udk double-click vkyMf unhf
&if awGUEdkifygw,f/
20 uae 24 ck twGif;&SdwJh mother-
board power connectors awGeJY yif
acsmif; 4 ck uae 8 cktxd &SdEkdifwJh
12 Volt connectors awGrS clips awGeYJ
zrf;xm;wm jzpfvYkd clips awGuykd g jzKwf
&ygvdrhfr,f/
aemufqHk;ausmbufrS case eJY wGJ
xm;wJh screws 4 vHk;udkyg jzKwf&rSm
jzpfw,f/ jyD;&if *½kwpkduf PSU udk
qGJxkwfjyD; oefY&Sif;aom ae&mwGif cs
xm;vdkufyg/ Screw awGudk jzKwfwJh
tcg taumif;qHk; vkyfief;qkdwmu
awmh atmufbuf screws 2 vHk;udk
t&ifjzKwfjyD;rS tay: screws 2 vHk;udk
jzKwf,lzdkY tMuHjyKvkdygw,f/
 3 PSU topfukd wyfyg
PSU topfudk xnfh&mrSm vuf
wpfzufeJY tomav; az;rjyD; case
twGif;udk oGif;,l&ygw,f/ usef wpf
zufu tay:ydkif; screw ESpfvHk;udk
ae&mcsjyD; OD;pGmwyfqifvdkufyg/
yxrqHk; motherboard twGuf
power connector awG e J Y 12 volt
power connectors awGudk wyfjyD;
tjcm; tpdwftydkif;awG&JU connectors
awGudk wyf&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm
vnf; PSU &JU motherboard twGuf
eJY 12 volt power connectors awG
twGuf wyfqif&mrSm ae&mrSefuefpGm
wyfqifzdkY vkdygw,f/ Motherboard
&JU sockets ab;awGay:rSm clips eJY
ukyf,lzdkY Ledges awG &Sdaeygw,f/
Connectors awGtaeeJY wpfzufoGm;
uD;vkdif;eJYjzpfwmrdkY tm;pdkufp&mrvkdbJ
wnfw h nfh jznf;nif;pGm wyfqif,&l yg
r,f/
4 tqH;k owf jyKvyk af qmif&Guyf g
Cable awGukd oyfoyf&yf&yf jzpfzYkd
twGJvdkuf pepfwus csnfwkyf,l&rSm
jzpfw,f/ 'DvkdwGJ,l csnfwkyfxm;jcif;
u Case twGi;f tjrifaumif;aprSm jzpf
ovdk av0if avxGufvrf;aMumif;
vnf ; aumif ; oG m ;apEk d i f y gw,f /
av0ifavxGuaf umif;rSom yDpt D wGuf
tylvGefuJjcif; ab;&efu avsmhenf;
oGm;aprSm jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dvkd csnfwkyf
&Sif;vif;jyD;&if qufoG,frIawG rSef
rrSefudk wpfausmhxyfrH ppfaq;,lyg/
MudK;awGu heat sinks awGeJY xdrae
ap&yg/ yefum&GufawGeJYvnf; xdawGU
rae&yg/
5 vQypf pfyg0g vTww
f ifMunhyf g/
PSU udk txkdifcsjyD;jyDqkdayr,fh
PSU topfeJYta[mif;udk udkifwG,fae
*&yfzpfuwftopfudkwyfqifjcif;
rdrdtwGuf trSefwu,f
1 toH;k 0if r,fh Card udk a&G;yg
Online knowledge base udk ,l
,l? documentation awGudk Munhf
Munfh rdrd motherboard u vufcyH yhH ;kd
aqmif&GufEkdifwJh Card trsKd;tpm; jzpf
rjzpfudk OD;pGmppfaq;Munhf½I &ygvdrhf
r,f/ (wu,fvYkd rSww f rf;rSw&f m &SmazG
vdkY r&cJh&if motherboard ay:u in-
ternal slot udk MunhfzdkY vdkygr,f)
rdrdtaeeJY nVidia's &JU Scalable
Link Interface (SLI) jzpfjzpf? ATI &JU
CrossFire configuration jzpf j zpf
multiple cards udk wyfqifvkdvQif
aocsmayguf motherboard rS m
vHkavmufwJh PCI Express slots rsKd;
&Sdr&SdeJY uyfwG,fEkdifrI &Sdr&Sdudk tao
tcsm ppfaq;zdkY vdkw,f/ (Mother-
board qdk&if SLI twGuf jzpfjzpf?
CrossFire jzpfjzpf wpfcu k ykd J cGijhf yKxm;
rSm jzpfw,f/ ESpfckpvHk; cGifhjyKxm;avh
r&Sday/)
2 Card udk wyfqifyg/
*&yfzpfuwf wyfqifr,fhae&m
wnfhwnfhrSm&SdwJh Case &JU aemufausm
bufrSm taygufwpfck &Sdae&ygr,f/
pOf RAM eJY graphics cards awGu
tp tjcm; tpdwt f ydik ;f awGukd xdro
d mG ;
EkdifwJhtwGuf rlv slots txkdifawGrSm
ae&mwus &Sdr&Sd udkifwG,fppfaq;,l&
ygvdrhfr,f/ aocsmoGm;jyDqkdrS ab;um
udk jyefwyfjyD; back panel cables awG
udk jyefwyf,l&rSm jzpfw,f/ tm;vHk;
rSefrSefuefuef wyfqifrI jyD;pD;aMumif;
udk vQyfppfyg0g zGifhMunhfvdkufwJhtcg
awGU&rSm jzpfw,f/
wu,fvdkY r&SdcJh&if owåKjym;av;udk
z,fxkwfay;yg/ owåKjym;av;u *&yf
zpfuwftwGuf vsmxm;jyD; rSw D ½JG rkH Qom
wyfqifxm;jcif; jzpfw,f/ Mother-
board ay:u *&yf z pf u wf t wG u f
owfrSwfxm;wJh slot xJudk txkdifcsjyD;
case &JU rear panel u zrf;wG,fayguf
awGeJY csdef,ljyD; wyfqif&rSm jzpfw,f/
wu,fvdkY multiple cards awGudk
toHk;jyKr,fqkd&ifawmh 'kwd,uwfudk
vnf; tvm;wl txkid cf s aqmif&u G ,
f l
&rSm jzpfw,f/ CrossFire jzpfjzpf? SLI
jzpfjzpf oufqidk &f m cables awGukd quf
ay;&ygr,f/
3 aemufq;kH tqifh jyKvyk yf g/
tm;vHk;pdwfcsvufcs wyfqifjyD;
oGm;wmeJY yg0gudk zGijhf yD; pufukd wif,l
yg/ uwfopfeJY ywfoufwJh drives udk
jzpfap? tjcm;aqmhzf0Jwpfckckudk jzpfap
card eJYtwl ygvmorQ aqmhzf0JawGudk
oGif;,l&ygw,f/
ar? 2008 57
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*[mh'f'½dkufzf topfwyfqifjcif;
data-cable eJY power-connec-
1 tions wdu
Yk kd cGjJ cm;owfrw
S yf g
yxrtqif h vk y f a qmif & mrS m
SATA trsKd;tpm;udk wyfqifrSmvm;?
IDE udk wyfqifrSmvm;qkdwJhtay:
rl w nf y gw,f / wu,f v d k Y SATA
drive wpfckudk secondary storage
taeeJY wyfqif,lrSmjzpfjyD; vuf&Sd
drive uvnf; SATA vdkY rSwf,lcJh&if
tJ'D drive u xGufvmwJh data cable
eJY wyfqiftoHk;jyK&rSm jzpfw,f/ rsm;
aomtm;jzifh toHk;rjyKao;wJh SATA
port u motherboard ay:rSm jzpfjzpf?
interface card wpfckay:rSm jzpfjzpf
teD;tem;rSm &Sdaeygvdrhfr,f/
wu,fvdkYrsm; rawGUcJh&if yDpDeJY
ywfoufwJh documentation awGrSm
a&;om;azmfjycsuaf wGukd avhvm zwf½I
Munhf&rSm jzpfw,f/
IDE drive wpf c k u d k second
drive wpfcktjzpf xyfxnhfwmqkd&if
awmh vuf&dS primary IDE drive eJYtwl
&SdaewJh data cable udk toHk;cs&rSm jzpf
w,f/ 'grSr[kwf IDE optical drive
wpfckeJYtwl &Sdaeygvdrhfr,f/ wwd,
wpfcktwGuf motherboard udk quf
oG,fwJh cable &JU tv,favmufrSm
vGwfaewJh connector wpfck&SdrSm jzpf
w,f/
owdjyK&efrSm wcsKdU yDpDta[mif;
awGu 40-conductor IDE cables udk
toHk;csjyD; 80-conductors IDE ca-
ble udk toHk;rjyKwm awGU&rSm jzpf
w,f/ (80-conductors rsKd;wGJawGu
ydkjyD; yg;wJh cables awG jzpfw,f)80 -
conductors cables awGuawmh back-
ward-compatible jzpfw,f/ (ESpfrsKd;
pvHk;u 40-pin connector awGyJ jzpf
ygw,f/) 'gaMumifh vkdtyfrIr&SdapcJh&if
58 uGefysLwm*sme,f
40 conductors awGudk vJypfvdkuf&yg
vdrhfr,f/
aemufpOf;pm;&rSmu yg0g quf
oG,fa&;udpö jzpfw,f/ SATA drive
wpfckudk wyfqifvdkufwJhtcg power
cable eJY ywfoufjyD; toHk;rjyKao;wJh
connector rdrdxkdifr,fh tem;rSm &Sd
r&Sq
d w dk m OD;pGm Munh&f r,f/ vGwaf ewJh
bay rSm wyfvdkufvdkY MudK; rD rrDqkdwm
od&if adapters &JU tultnDudk ,l&
vdrfhr,f/
wcsKUd SATA drive awGrmS Molex
four-pin power connectors awGudk
vnf ; yH h y d k ; ay;xm;wwf y gw,f /
'gaMumifh Molex wpfct k wGuf jzpfjzpf?
SATA connectors twG u f j zpf j zpf
toH;k csEikd af pw,f/ Molex-style lead
wpfck twGuf &SmcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
udkufnDwm r&jyefbl;qkd&ifawmh Mo- tion ay:rSm ppfaq;&rSm jzpfw,f/
lex-to-SATA adapter wpfckudk oHk;zdkY wu,fvdkY rdrdyDpDrSm IDE hard drive
vkdr,f/ (wcsKdU kits awGrSm tJ'gvnf; wpfckwnf; &SdaejyD;jzpfcJh&if tJ'D drive
tqifoifh ygvmwwfygw,f) 'grS udk master vdkY rSwf,lEkdifw,f/ aemuf
r[kwf Y-adapter udk toHk;csEkdifyg topfwpfcu k kd wyfqifr,fqydk gpdYk/ tJ'D
w,f/ drive u slave jzpfygvdrr fh ,f/ (aemuf
IDE drives awGu ½d;k &Si;f ygw,f/ ydkif;rSm jumper udk master eJY wGJvsuf
tjrJwrf; Molex connectors udyk J oH;k drive udk tajymif;tvJ vkyfEkdifygvdrhf
w,f/ ta&;MuD;wmu Molex-style r,f/ rlv boot drive udk z,fxkwfjyD;
lead yJ jzpfjzpf? Y-splitter jzpfjzpf tcrJh topf boot drive wyfwmrsKd; &SdEkdifyg
&EdkifzdkYygyJ/ w,f/) aemufxyf &Sdaer,fh option
uawmh IDE drives ESpfckpvHk;udk 80-
2 Drive udk wyfqifyg/ conductor cable ay:rSm Cable Se-
SATA drive awGudk wyfqifwJh lect (CSESL) jumper setting vkyf
tcg .jumper setting eJY ywfoufjyD; vmEdkifygw,f/ yDpDtaeeJY cable MudK;
omreftaetxm;rSm bmrQ jyóem wyfqifrt I ay: rlwnfjyD; master &,f?
r&SdEkdifbl;vdkY xif&ayr,fh IDE twGuf slave qd k w m jzpf o G m ;Ek d i f a pw,f /
awmh 'DvkdajymvdkY rjzpfyg/ Jumper (Master qkdwm tqHk;bufrS wyfqif
wpfcu k bmudn k eT ;f wmvJqw
dk m od&yg jyD; slave qkdwm tv,frSm wyfqif
vdrfhr,f/ Primary drive udk master xm;ygvdrhfr,f/)
vdkY ac:a0:MujyD; secondary drive tJ'Daemuf vuf&Sd hard drive udk
udkawmh slave vkdY ac:wwfMuygw,f/ MunhfwJhtcg ab;rSm mounting rails
Proper setting twGuf documenta- udk jrifawGU&rSm jzpfw,f/ awGUcJh&if
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*
drive topfudk screw eJY wGJwyfvkduf
Edkifw,f/ (Screw awG tydkbl;xJrSm
ygvmwwfw,f/)bay xJukd avQmxnfh
wyfqif vdu k ½f ykH gyJ/ 'grSr[kw
k f screw
zrf;jyD;rS bay xJudk xnhfEkdifw,f/
Screw av;vHk;avmuf wGJxm;&ifyJ vHk
avmufygw,f/ omreftm;jzifh drive
udk level awG wyfxm;wJb h ufukd tay:
rSm xm;avh&Sdw,f/
SATA data cable wpfzufeJY wGJ
,lvu dk yf g/ (rvGaJ pzdYk tvG,w
f ul wyf
qifEkdifatmif vkyfxm;ay;ygw,f/)
Data cable qdkwm motherboard ay:
u jzpfjzpf interface card ay:u jzpf
jzpf &Sdaer,f/ SATA port eJY qufxm;
rSm jzpfw,f/ wjcm;wpfpuawmh drive
qDukd oGm;r,f/ IDE data drive awGrmS
vnf; trSm;t,Gif; r&SdapzdkY key awG
vkyfxm;jyD; jzpfygw,f/ omreftm;jzifh
red stripe udk drives ay:u ''pin 1''
qkdwJh trSwftom;eJY csdefxnhf,l&yg
vdrhfr,f/
aemufawmh power-supply lead
eJY wGJwyfvdkufyg/ (trSm;t,Gif;r&SdEkdif
yg/ key &Sdygw,f) 'Dae&mrSm tqifh
(1) rSm wifjycJhovdk vdktyf&if exten-
der jzpfjzpf? adapter jzpfjzpf toHk;cs
&rSm jzpfw,f/ jyD;&if case &JU tumudk
jyefydwf,lvdkuf&ygw,f/
3 BIOS udk configure vkyyf g/
Boot vkyf&if; rdrdyDpD&JU BIOS
setup utility eJY rSeu
f efwhJ drive tqifh
wpfcktaeeJY ae&m,lxm;jcif; &Sd r&SdeJY
drive udk recognized vkyfrvkyfudk
ppfaq;ay;&ygvdrhfr,f/ (b,f key
launches udk cs,lr,fqkdwm qHk;jzwfzkdY
yDpD&JU startup screen udk Munhfay;yg)
jyD;&if option wpfck &SdcJh&if drive awG
twGuf auto-detect a&G;cs,f xm;
rxm; ppfaq;yg/ Utility u boot
60 uGefysLwm*sme,f
order udk a&G;cs,c
f &hJ if b,f hard drive cs,fxm;csufudk ppfaq;yg/ jyD;&if
tay:rSm boot drive priority &Sad ew,f Next udk qufEy dS jf yD; Specifypartition
qkdwm awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dvkd infor- sizeSize Screen udk ac:&rSm jzpfw,f/
mation awGu Boot Options, Boot (MB* filed twGif;u Partition size
Order 'grSr[kwf Boot Sequence twGi;f rSm partition size udk rajymif;vJ
atmufrSm &SdaerSm jzpfw,f/ &ygbl;/) aemuf Next udk qufomG ;wJh
tcg tjcm; screen wpfck xyfwuf
rdrd hard drive udk partition cGJ vmygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dtay:rSm "Assign
4 format cs,yl g/ the following drive letter" udk a&G;
cs,f,&l r,f/ wpfcg Next udk qufEydS f
rdrdtaeeJY Windows Vista udk
toHk;csaecJh&if Start button udk click &if; Format Partition Screen udk
vkyfí Gold udk ½dkufxnhfjyD; Enter qufoGm;jyD; "Format this partition
with following settings" udk a&G;cs,f
ESdyfay;vdkuf&ygw,f/ 'grSom Disk
Management utility prSm jzpfw,f/
xm;jcif; &Srd &Sd ppfaq;,lyg/ File Sys-
rdrd hard drive topfudk ukd,fpm;jyKwJh tem udk ESyd Mf unh&f if NTFS usvmvdrfh
icon ay: double-click vkyfjyD; for-
r,f/ Setting twkdif; tm;vHk;t&G,f
mat udk a&G;cs,fay;vdkufyg/
tpm; a&G;cs,x f nho f iG ;f oGm;jyDrYdk aemuf
tJ'Daemuf volume name, file qHk; tMudrf Next udk ESdyfjyD; Finish ukd
system type awGudk specify vkyfyg/
ESdyfvdkuf&if vkyfief;pOf tm;vHk;jyD;oGm;
rSm jzpfw,f/
(NTFS type udk a&G;cs,fjcif;u tqif
ajyygvdrhfr,f) aemuf OK udk ESdyfvdkuf
wmeJY drive udk format vkyfay;oGm;rSm
Optical Drive topfwpfckudk
jzpfw,f/ (Mumjrifch sdeu f awmh rdrd xnhf
wyfqifjcif;
oGi;f vku d wf hJ drive &JU capacity ay:rSm
rlwnfw,f/) jyD;oGm;&if right-click
udk ESdyfjyD; Expand vm;? Shrink vm;
1 Connections udk ppfaq;yg/
Optical drive twGuf SATA
qkdwm a&G;&r,f/ Partition t&G,f
cables eJY motherboard udk qufo,
G f
tpm; owfrSwfay;zdkY jzpfw,f/
wm xHk;pHavmufeD;eD; jzpfvmygjyD/
XP rSm qkd&ifawmh Disk Man-
Hard drive topfwpfckudk wyfqifyHk
agement udk zGifh&ygr,f/ zGifhzdkY Start
button ESdyf? Control Panel udk oGm;/
tqifh 1 rSm tao;pdwfazmfjycJhjyD; jzpf
ovdk IDE Cables udk qufvuf toH;k
Adminstrative tools udk a&G;/ Com-
jyKvdkvQif zuf&Sifwltwkdif; identify
puter Management udk ac:jyD; Disk
vkyfvdkrSm jzpfw,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh
Management udk zGi, hf &l wm jzpfw,f/
vuf&Sd optical drive eJY hard drive
rdrd&JU drive topf partitioned vkyf
awGeJY wGJxm;wJh oD;jcm; IDE cable
rxm;bl;vdkY nTef;qkdwJhtaeeJY black
udk awGUrSm jzpfw,f/ wpfckqDuae
bat wpfckeJYtwl ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/
motherboard qDudk oG,fxm;vdrhf
Bar udk right-click ESy d jf yD; New Parti-
r,f/ tJ'ED pS cf Mk um;rSm toH;k rjyKbJ &Sad e
tion udk a&G;,l&if; New Partition wiz-
wJh connector udk awGUEkdifw,f/ tJ'D
ard udk ac:,lvkduf&w,f/ Next udk
vGwaf ewJah e&mrSm DVD burner opfukd
qufoGm;jyD; Primary Partition a&G;
 wyf,lEdkifw,f/ vuf&Sd optical drive
THE ESSENTIAL PC TOOLKIT eJY rQa0oH;k pGw J o hJ abm jzpfomG ;apw,f/
(wu,fvdkY wwd,ajrmuftjzpf mid-
uGeyf sLwmypön;f ta&mif;qkid af wG rSm toolkits rsK;d pHk &Sad eygvrd rfh ,f/ tawGt U MuKH t& dle connector rxm;vdkvQifvnf;
atmufyg tools av; awG &S&d ifyJ uGeyf sLwm jzKww f yfzYkd vkyif ef;pOftwGuf rlv optical drive udk jzKwfxm;vkduf
tqifajyEkid yf gw,f/ Ekdifygw,f/)
rdr&d UJ hard drive eJY optical drive
IDE cable wpfacsmif;rSm wpfquf
wnf; &SdaevQif DVD burner udk
Phillips screwdriver- 'Dypönf;av;uawmh DIY vkyfief;pOftwGuf t"du tazmfrGef motherboard ay:u secondary
jzpfw,f/ wjcm; tools rsm; r&Svd Qiyf if yDpt
D rd t
f wGi;f u ypön;f awG jzKww f yfzYkd vkyEf idk fw,f/ tvwf IDE interface rSm qufoG,f&ygvdrhf
pm; t&G,ftpm;u toifhawmfqHk;jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh tao;pm;eJYvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ (Hard r,f/ 'Dvv kd yk zf Ykd twGuf drive topfukd
drive eJY optical drive &JU screw av;awGu ao;ao;av;awGygy)J master tjzpf owfrSwf,l&rSm jzpf
w,f/ wpfzufu supplied IDE ca-
Tweezers or grabber- ble &JU tzsm;rSm wyfjyD; aemufwpfzuf
Screws av;awGudk wyfqifwJh ae&m
u IDE port rSm wyf&ygr,f/ (wu,f
rSm acsmjf y;D atmufjyKwu f soGm;apzdYk tcGihf
vdkY tJ'DtpDtrHudk twnfjyKjzpf&if
tvrf;rsm; ygw,f/ wpfcgwav ckef
ayguf vGifhpOfoGm;Ekdifw,f/ 'Dvdk screw tqifh 2 udk vkyfzdkY rvkdygbl;/)
av;awG vufeJYaumuf,lzdkY cufcJwJh IDE drives topftrsm;pkawGu
twGuf toH;k jyK&wm jzpfw,f/ DVD burner rS 80.conductor rib-
bon cable wpf c k vd k t yf r I t wG u f
Needle-nose pliers- drive opfeJYygvmwJh bl;xJrSm &SmoHk;
Motherboard udk udkifwG,fwJh Ekdifw,f/ wu,fvdkY yDpDrSm 40-con-
ae&mrSm ae&mwusjzpfapzdkY toHk; ductor cable wyfvsufom; &Sdae&if
csEkdif½Hkomru tvGefao;i,fwJh z,fxkwf vJvS,fypf&ygr,f/
jumper awGudk ta&TUtajymif;
vkyf&mrSmvnf; udkifwG,f toHk;jyK
Ekid yf g w,f/ Antistatic wrist strap-
Case &JU uk,
d x
f nfwpfae&mrSm clips
eJY n§yfjyD; wjcm;wpfzufu vufrSm
ywfjyD; 0wfqif,l&rSm jzpfw,f/ vQyf
ppfjidrf ab;tEÅ&m,frS tumtuG,f
jyKjyD; ypönf;tpdwftydkif;awGudk udkif
wG,f&mrSm toHk;csEkdifw,f/

Cable ties - Case twGif;rS av0ifavxGufaumif;apzdkY ca-

bles MuKd ;awGukd oyfoyf&yf&yf xkyyf k;d xm;zkv
Yd kyd gw,f/ Tool
kit wkid ;f rSm tJ'v
D kd yvwfpwpfeJY vkyx
f m;wJh cable ties
awG ygvmwwfygw,f/ oufqidk f&m cable twGv J u
kd f
csnfwkyfxm;vdkuf½HkygyJ/

ar? 2008 61
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
*
2 Jumper Settings udk csed n
f y§d g
wyfxm;jyD;jzpfwJh Cable wpf
acsmif;ay:rSmyJ rdrd burner udk twGJ
vdkuf wyfapcsif&if optical drive &JU
aemufbufjcrf; 'grSr[kwf hard drive
&JU aemufbufjcrf;udk Munfh&ygr,f/
tJ'DrSm jumper setting wyfxm;wm
awGU&SdEkdifw,f/ wu,fvdkY master
twGuf vsmxm;wmqkd&if oD;jcm;xm;
vkud yf g/ Cable Select tjzpf vsmxm;
wmqkd&ifawmh master bufudk ajymif;
ay;vdkufyg/ Burner topfay:u set-
tings awG t wG u f ppf a q;wmwk d Y ?
Case topfwpfckrSm yDpDudk
wyfqifjcif;
rSeu f eftoH;k wnfrh ,fh Case ukd
1 a&G;cs,yf g/
Case topf t rsm;pk u ATX
motherboard standard udk vufcH
aqmif&GufEkdifMuw,f/ t&G,ftpm;
ao;ao;eJY oyfoyf&yf&yf yHpk rH sKd; MudKuf
wJholawGuawmh Micro ATX udk yHhydk;
aqmif&u G af y;r,fh Case udk a&G;cs,fMu
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wcsKdUawGuawmh
motherboard taetxm;trsKd;rsKd;udk
vufcaH y;wJh case rsKd;awGvnf; &Sad eyg
ao;w,f/
t"du yDpDxkwfvkyfwJh Hewlett-
Packard, Gateway utp txl;ojzifh
Dell txd ATX cases awGeJYtwl
vkdufavsmnDaxG jzpfapjyD; MudKufwJh
motherboard awG? power supply
units (PSUs) awGukd toH;k jyKMuw,f/
r0,f,lrD rdrdtaeeJY b,f mother-
board rsKd;udk oHk;rSmvJ? b,fvkd PSUs
eJY wyfqifrSmvnf;qkdwmudk pHtjzpf
xm;jyD; ppfaq;a&G;cs,f&ygvdrhfr,f/
a&G;cs,fEidk zf Ykd xkwv
f yk rf aI wG&UJ manual
64 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ajymif;vJwmwkdYu rcufcJyg/ Drive
ay:rSmvnf; a&;om;Ekid wf ,f/ Manual
rSm a&;xm;wmudv k nf; zwf½EI idk w
f ,f/
Drive udk Cable ay:rSm wpfckwnf; &Sd
aeapvdrrfh ,fq&dk if master udk toH;k jyK
vkdrSm jzpfw,f/ tv,fu connec-
tor ay:rSmyJ &Sdaeapcsif&ifawmh slave
jzpfoGm;vdrhfr,f/
3 Drive udk xnfo
h iG ;f yg
yDpD&JU a&SUrsufESmpmudk drive awG
twGuf vsmxm;wJh tumwHcg;ayguf
av;awG z,fxkwfvkdufjyD; drive bay
awGudk Munhf½IEkdifovdk Googling u
vnf; specs awG &Ekid yf gw,f/wyfqif
rIawG vkyfudkifzdkY rdrdqDrSm essential
tool kit av;awmh &Sdae&rSm jzpfw,f/
2 Cables rsm; rSwof m;,lyg/
yxrqHk; System twGif;ydkif;rSm
&SdaewJh Cables awG tm;vHk;udk Label
wyf rS w f o m;,l & ygr,f / Cables
pm&if;udk jyKpkjyD; label trSwftom;
awGeJYtwl rSwfwrf;jyKpkxm;Ekdif&if
taumif;qHk;jzpfygvdrhfr,f/ tpdwf
tydkif;wpfckqDu tjcm; tpdwftydkif;
wpfckqDudk qufoG,fwJh MudK;qdk&if
xdyfydkif;awGrSm &SdaewJh tpdwftykdif;&JU
trnfawGudk Flag av;awG jyjyD; rSwf
om;ay;xm;&ygw,f/
twGif; tvdkufoifhavQmxnfh wyfqif
ay;vdkuf&ygr,f/ avQmxnhfw,fqkd
&mrSm tqHk;xd xnhf&wmrsKd; r[kwfbJ
qufoG,fa&;MudK;awGeJY wyfqifvdkYrD½Hk
taetxm;om xnhf&wm jzpfw,f/
4 Drive &JU Cables awGukd wGaJ y;yg
rdrd drive twGuf SATA con-
nection wpfckudk toHk;jyKcJh&if drive
qDukd data cable ukd quf½o
kH mqufjyD;
motherboard ay:u SATA port u
vTwfxm;yg/ jyD;&if spare SATA
power cable wpfckudk plug vky, f yl g/
3 Case topfukd
MuKd wifjyifqifraI wG vkyyf g/
Case topf e J Y twl ygvmwJ h
txdik af e&mawGu screws awGukd jzKwf
yg/ Oyrm motherboard xkid rf nfah e&m
rSm screw av;vH;k wyfxm;wmudk awGU
&ygvdrrfh ,f/ Optical drive eJY floppy
drive twGuf rsufESmpmrSm toifh
azmufEkdif&ef vsmxm;aom tayguf
ae&mawGudk vuf&Sd drive awGtwGuf
ae&mrSeftxkdif jzKwfcGmay;&ygr,f/
4 tpdwt f ydik ;f awGukd
z,fxkwf,lyg
a&jr§Kyfylazmif;av;awGvkd yHkpHvkyf
xm;aom yvwfpwpf tcif;wpfckudk
yxrqkH; jyifqifxm;vdkufyg/ jzKwfcs
orQudk tJ'Day:rSm cif;wifxm;zkdY jzpf
w,f/
jyD;&if PCI Cards awGeJY Graph-
ics Card awGudk t&ifqHk; jzKwf,lyg/
Screws wyfqifxm;wJhae&mwkdif;rSm
*½kwpkdufeJY avQmhjzKwf,l&ygvdrfhr,f/
Graphic Cards awGrmS slot-mounted
lever awGvnf; &Sad eaumif; &Sad eygvdrfh
r,f/ Lever awGeJY qufoG,fxm;wJh
 IDE drive twGuf IDE cable udk
drive &JU ausmbufrmS wGxJ nhv f u
kd yf g/
uD;vrf;aMumif;eJY xdef;wmrkdY cable udk
ajymif;jyefwyfjzpfp&m taMumif; r&Sdyg
ay/ 'gayr,f h connector ay:rS m
nifompGm zdoyd rf &I &dS ygr,f/ Interface
pin av;awGu tifrwef El;nHhvSyg
w,f/ jyD;&if vGwfaewJh four pin
power plug udk ae&mcsxm;&ygvdrhf
r,f/ yDpD PSU qDuae optical drive
ay:u DC-input jack eJY tvkdufoifh
qufay;&w,f/
'D a e&mrS m awmh xd x d r d r d & S d z d k Y
cables awGudk jzKwf&r,f/ Power
connectors awG? audio cards awG
jzKwf&r,f/ Motherboard slot awGrmS
pdkufxm;wJh card awGudk jyefpkdufxnhf
wJhtcg rrSm;apzdkY aocsmrSwfom;rI jyK
&r,f/
Drive eJY motherboard tMum;u
cables awGeJY PSUs Mum;u cables
awGudk qufjzKwf&r,f/ jyD;&if hard
drives eJY optical drives awGudk jzKwf
&r,f/ aemuf motherboard udk jzKwf
&r,f/ 0kdif,mMudK; trsm;pku yvwf
pwpf tqufawGeJY qufxm;wm awGU
&ygvdrhfr,f/ jzKwfwJhae&mwkdif;rSm
trSwftom;jyK yvwfpwmawG uyf
xm;ay;yg/ tJ'Daemuf USB, audio
eJY FireWire port awGu mother-
board ay:u header awGqDudk vmwJh
Mud K ;awG u d k jzKwf & ygr,f / jyD ; &if
motherboard udk jzKwf½HkygyJ/ aemuf
qHk;jzKwf&r,fh tpdwftydkif;u PSU
jzpfw,f/
5 ajymif;a&Tw
U yfyg/
Case topfrS wyfwt hJ cgrSm Case
ta[mif;u aemufqHk; jzKwfwJh ypönf;
tm;xnhfjyD; taotcsm wyfqif&rSm
jzpfw,f/
Audio qufoG,fzdkYom usefyg
awmhw,f/ Optical drives awGrSm
analog ESifh digital audio output
twGufyJ jacks aygufawG &Sdygw,f/
tckacwfydkif;rSmawmh analog jack udk
toHk;jyKwJhol r&SdoavmufygyJ/ toHk;
jyKavh &SdMuwmuawmh motherboard
&JU sound chip jzpfjzpf? rdrd&JU sound
card yJjzpfjzpf? IDE jzpfjzpf? SATA jzpf
jzpf drive ay:uvmwJh b,fvkd au-
dio streams udkrqkd decode vkyfay;
awGudk aemufjyeftpDtpOftwkdif; jyef
wyfqifwm tqifajyqHk; jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh PSUs udyk J yxrqH;k wyfqif
,l&rSm jzpfovdk PSU jyD;wmeJY mother-
boards udk wyfqif&r,fh oufqkdif&m
txkid af wGrmS csxikd jf yD;wmeJY screw awG
eJY wyf½HkygyJ/ wyfqifwJhae&mrSm wpfck
csif; vJvS,fwyfqifwkef;uvkd align-
ed rSefrSefeJY txdkifcsay;zdkY vdkygw,f/
Case &JU avsmydi k ;f u 1/0 vdYk ac:wJh av;
axmifhpyfpyf tvsLrDeD,rfjym;av;awG
udk wyfqifr,fhypönf;eJY tHus jzKwf
xkwfypf&rSm jzpfw,f/
aemufqHk; jyefvnf wyfqif&r,fh
ypön;f awGuawmh motherboard slots
awGxJudk xnhf&w,f/ PCI Cards wdkY
Express Card wkdYyJ jzpfw,f/
6 Front panel eJY qufo, G yf g
Front panel rSm &Sdaer,fh ports
wdkY?LEDs wdkY? switches wdkY wyfqif
wJhae&mrSmawmh enf;enf;tcuftcJ &Sd
Edik w
f ,f/ rlvu MudK;awG jzKwfcscphJ Ofu
Level trSwftom;awG MunhfjyD; olY
ae&meJYol jyefwyf½HkygyJ/ owdjyK&r,fh
tcsufuawmh USB eJY FireWire port
ygvdrrfh ,f/'gayr,fh digital audio in-
put wpfckeJYtwl standalone sound
card wpfck &SdcJh&if digital jack u
tvG,w f ul vufcaH qmif&uG Ef idk w
f ,f/
Digital audio cable wpf c k e J Y t wl
drive udk sound card &JU digital xJrmS
wkduf½dkufqufoG,fEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/
Cables awG tm;vHk; taotcsm
wyfqifjyD;oGm;&if drive bay xJudk
drive topfudk txkdifcs wyfqifzdkYyJ
vdyk gawmhw,f/ Screw awG wyfqifjyD;
wmeJY yDpDudk boot up vkyfvkduf&if
tm;vHk;jyD;pD;oGm;jyD jzpfw,f/
connectors awG rrSm;,Gif;zkdYygyJ/
7 tm;vHk;tjyD;owf aqmif&Gufyg/
Case ay:rSm rlwnfjyD; drive awG
udk frame awGrSm wkduf½dkuf wyfqif,l
Edik w
f hJ frame awGuvnf; toifx h idk Ef idk f
atmif jyifqifxm;wmrdYk tcuftcJ r&Sd
Ekid yf gbl;/ ypön;f awG txkid u
f sjyD; quf
oG,frIawG tm;vHk;jyKvkyfjyD;wmeJY prf;
oyf armif;ESifMunhf&rSm jzpfw,f/
ypönf;awG jyefwyfwJhtcg CPU fans
udk qufoG,fxm;rI &Sdr&Sd wpfMudrf
xyfrHppfaq;ay;yg/ qufoG,frIawG
jyKvk y f & mrS m PSU quf o G , f r I u
aemufqHk; jzpfap&ygr,f/ twGif;ydkif;
tm;vHk; wyfqifjyD;&if tjyifykdif;u
keyboard wdkY? mouse wdkY? monitor
wdYk ukd qufo, G f wyfqifyg/ aemufq;kH
yg0gMudK;udk yvyfwyfvkduf&if tm;vHk;
jyD;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ yg0gudk zGifhjyD;
pufudk boot vkyfvkdufjyD; rlvtwkdif;
vnfywfaerI [kwf r[kwf ppfaq;
Munhfvkduf½HkygyJ/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
ar? 2008 65
Gateway P-170L QS

pwkdifusus cefYcefYxnfxnf toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh media

laptop tjzpf yHkpHjyKxm;w,f/ Desktop -replacement 1.3 megapixel webcam
trsKd;tpm;vdkY ajymEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ ukd,fxnft&G,ftpm;u
11 'or 4 vufr _ 15 'or 7 vufr _ 1 'or 5
vufr&SdjyD; tav;csdefu 8 'or 5 aygif av;w,f/ rlv
yHpk xH wk v f yk pf Ofu P- 170L QS udk ]a*:ZDvm} vdYk trnfay;cJh
w,f/ uk, d x f nfawmufawmufajymifajymif vSvyS y qif,if udk,fxnf
zdkYtwGuf in-mold decoration pepfudk toHk;jyKcJhwmrdkY aq; 'DZidk f;twGuf
rIwf wefqmqifwhJ uk, d xf nfawGeYJ EdiI ;f ,SOMf unfv
h udk w
f t
hJ cg in-mold
decoration
ydkomaewm awGY&w,f/ High-definition t&nftaoG;&SdwJh
pepfukd toH;k jyK
widescreen MuD;&JU t&G,ftpm;uvnf; 17 vufr &Sdw,f/
xm;w,f/
0if;'d;k wyHw k yifeYJ ukid w f ,G f vkyu
f idk af eMu&wJo h al wGtwGuf
'D display MuD;u pGJrufrI &EkdifapcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olYudk
jznfq h nf;ay;r,fh HD-DVD ROM drive udk option taeeJY
a&mif;cswmrdYk 0,f,o l al wGtwGuf b0ifrus jzpfomG ;apEkid yf g
w,f/
Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 processor udk toHk;jyKjyD;
2GB DDR2 RAM eJY 358 MB Intel Graphics Media
Accelerator wdYkukd wGz J uf wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ odrk ;DS yrmP
160 GB &SdwJh hard drive ESpfvHk;udk wGJzuf wyfqifay;xm;
wJt h wGuf tvGet f m;& auseyfp&maumif;aejyefw,f/ AD', D kd w,f/ USB port 3 ck xnfhay;xm;jyD; Fire-Wire port
awG? "mwfyHkawGudk tcsdefMumMum wyHkwyif odkrSD;odrf;qnf; 1 ck yg0ifw,f/ SATA port 1 ckvnf; xnfhay;xm;ovdk
xm;Ekdifw,f/ Download vkyf,lwJhtcg vGwfvGwfvyfvyf HDMI -out port vnf; yg&Sy
d gw,f/ vnfywfrpI epftwGuf
vkyEf idk cf iG &hf odS mG ;apw,f/ 58 -wh Lithium battery udk toH;k Windows Vista Home Premium toifhxnfhxm;jyD;
jyKxm;wmrdkY 3 em&DausmfMum wpfqufwnf; toHk;jyKEkdifyg owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 1299 a':vmjzpfygw,f/

66 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf NsLwmtaxG axG
EW PRODUCTS

HP Photosmart A526 Compact Photo Printer

ygEdk&m;rm; t&G,ftpm;jynfh xkwfvkyfEkdifwJh small-format 2 'or 4 vufrt&G,f LCD

photo printer av;jzpfw,f/ txl;owfrSwfavQmhcsxm;aom
"mwfyHky&ifwmjzpfwmrdkY tajccHvkyfief;tqifheJYom vkyfukdifEkdif
w,f/ 2 'or 4 vufrt&G,f LCD eJY "mwfyo kH bm0udk ppfaq;
MunfhEkdifw,f/ Speed taeeJY toift h wifoh m &Sw d ,f/ 4 vufr
_ 6 vufr t&G,ftpm; "mwfyHkwpfyHkudk 1 rdepf 24 puúefYMum
w,f/ "mwfyHkwpfyHktwGuf 29 'or 2 qifhavmuf ukefusr,fh
oabm&Sdw,f/ rifbl;eJY "mwfyHk puúLtpHkvkduf wpfxkyf 0,foHk;
&if "mwfyHkaygif; 120 avmuftxd &Ekdifw,f/ "mwfyHkudk t,fvf
brfxJrSm odrf;xm;r,fqdk&if ESpfaygif; 200 cHEkdifjyD; rSefabmifxJ
xnfhxm;&if ESpf 50 Mumtxd t&nftaoG;rysuf &Sdap&r,fvdkY
xkwfvkyfolu nTef;w,f/ xGufvmwJh "mwfyHkwkdif;u a&pdkvnf;
cHEkdif&nf&Sdovdk tpif;tjcpf&mvnf; rxifapEkdifvdkY od&w,f/
y&ifwm t&G,ftpm;rSm 5 'or 4 vufr _ 8 'or 9
vufr _ 4 'or 6 vufrom&SdjyD; tav;csdefu 2 'or 7
aygif av;ygw,f/ "mwfyHkt&G,ftpm; 4 vufr _ 8 vufr
'grSr[kwf ygEdk&m;rm; 4 vufr _ 12 vufr t&G,ftpm;awGudk xkwf,l&&SdEkdifw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 99 'or
99 a':vmjzpfw,f/ bwf*sufwGuf&olvnf;jzpf ygEdk&m;rm; "mwfyHkvnf; ul;,lcsifw,fqdk&if A526 y&ifwmav;u
toifhawmfqHk; jzpfEkdifygw,f/

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Canon Pixma Mini320

tay:yidk ;f tydwef YJ ab; mini ,printer av;vdYk ac:qdx

k m;w,f/ 'gayr,fh small-
buftydwu f kd input format printer taeeJYom toHk;csEkdifw,f/ omref small-
tray output tray format printer awGxufawmif enf;enf;MuD;aeygao;w,f/
awGtaeeJY oH;k Ekid w
f ,f/ "mwfyHkt&G,ftpm; 5 vufr _ 7 vufreJY 4 vufr _ 8
vufrt&G,ftpm;awGtxd xkwfvkyfEkdifw,f/ tm;omcsuf
uawmh Bluethooth option eJY battery option ygvmwmyJ
jzpfw,f/ MudK;rJph epfeYJ nTeMf um;jyD; yHx
k w
k Ef idk o
f vdk vQyfppfr;D
r&EkdifwJhae&mawGrSm bufx&DeJY yHkxkwf,lEkdifr,fhoabmjzpf
w,f/ tm;enf;csufuawmh xGufvmwJh "mwfyHkawGu a&pdk
rcHEidk o
f vdk tpif;tjcpf&mawGvnf; jzpfEidk af pwmyJjzpfw,f/
ysrf;rQtqifh speed eJYom xkwfEkdifw,f/ 4 vufr _ 6
vufrt&G,f "mwfyw kH pfykH xkwzf YkdtwGuf 47 puúeYfMumw,f/
vdt k yfovdk apmif;xm; "mwfyHkwpfyHktwGuf ukefusp&dwfu 32 qifhavmuf &Sdae
Ekid wf hJ 2 'or 5 vufr apw,f/ t&nftaoG;edrfhwJh puúLudkoHk;r,fqdk&ifawmif 28
t&G,f LCD qifah vmuf usoifw h ,f/ Canon Pixma mini 320 &JU owf
rSwfa&mif;aps;[m 180 a':vm jzpfygw,f/

ar? 2008 67
NEW PRODUCTS
HP Pavilion DV6500T
urÇmhxdyfwef;pm&if;0if yDpDxkwfvkyfoltaeeJY &yfwnf
aeEdkifcJhwJh HP taeeJY yDpDawGudk xkwfvkyfwJhtcg
[efae[efxm;trsKd;rsKd;? 'DZkdif;yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJYvnf;
qGJaqmifxkwfvkyfEkdifwJh taetxm;rsKd; &SdcJhw,f/
'gaMumifh pGrf;aqmif&nf OD;pm;ay;awGudk armf',ftrsKd;rsKd;
eJY xkwfvkyfydkifcGifh&SdcJhovdk tvStypwkdif OD;pm;ay;
yHkpHrsKd;awGudkvnf; armf',fcGJjcm;jyD; xkwfvkyfydkifcGifh
&&SdoGm;ap w,f/ bwf*sufyDpDawGudkvnf; xkwfvkyf
EkdifcGifh &Sdvmjyef w,f/ HP Pavilion dv 6500 t udkawmh
xkdufxkdufwefwef toHk;jyKcGifh&apr,fh bwf*suf note-
book tjzpf tod trSwf jyKEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ 1.67 GHz
Intel Core 2 Duo T5450 processor udk wyfqif
xm;ay;jyD; 2 GB DDR2 SDRAM eJY 358 MB Intel
Graphics Media Accelerator udk wGJzuf toHk;jyK
xm;ay;w,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 120 GB yrmP&SdwJh hard
drive eJY optical drive twGuf dual layer DVD burner
68 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Touch-sensitive media
keys
headphone ports
udk xnfhxm;ay;w,f/ ukd,fxnfta&mifu
pE´&m;teufa&mifeJY wefqmqif xm;w,f/
udk,fxnftav;csdef 5 'or 8 aygifom av;wmrdkY
o,f,loGm;wJhtcg oufaomifhoufom &Sdap w,f/
displays twGuf 15 'or 4 vufrt&G,f&SdwJh 1280 x
800 LCD udk oHk;xm;w,f/ LCD display &JU tay:
abmifay:rSm 1.3 megapixel webcam av;vnf;
yg&Sdygao;w,f/ Fingerprint reader udkvnf; oHk;cGifh
ay;xm;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh wefzdk;u 899
a':vmyJ&Sdw,f/ wu,fvdkYom 79 a':vmavmuf
xyfoHk;jyD; 3D performance &wJh graphics udk wyfqif
vkdufr,fqdk&if jyD;jynfhpHkoGm;apEkdifw,f/ 44 Wh bufx&D
yg&SdvmwmrdkY wpfqufwnf; tvkyf vkyfukdifr,fqkd&if
3 em&D 3 rdepftxd toHk;jyKEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ vnfywfpepf
tjzpf Windows Vista Home Premium udk toifh
xnfhay;vkdufrSmjzpfw,f/
 NEW PRODUCTS

Pioneer Elite Kuro Pro-150FD

xGuf&SdjyD;orQ tMuD;pm; plasma xJrSm jyD;jynfhpHkqHk;

trsKd;tpm;vdkY ajymEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ AD'D,dk xkwfvkyfrI vkyfukdif
olawGtMudKuf displays MuD; wpfpHkvdkYvnf; qdkEkdifygw,f/
jrifuGif;tus,f 60 vufr&SdjyD; resolution 1920 x 1080 pixel
&Sdygw,f/ high-definition t&nftaoG;&SdwJh AD'D,dkawGudk
HDMI ports uwpfqifh qufo, G Mf unf½h EI idk w
f ,f/ Wide screen
resolution twGuf 1360 x 768 pixel txd yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;
w,f/ Black-level rate tifrwef aumif;rGefw,f/ Viewing
USB port eJY Ethernet jack
angles taeeJY 180 'D*&DavmufeD;eD; cGifhjyKay;xm;wmudku
ayguaf wGukd aemufbufrmS
tHhMop&m aumif;vSw,f/ Ports awGudk Munfh&ifvnf; HDMI
wyfqifay;xm;w,f/
4 ck? Component twGuf 2 ck? composite twGuf 3 ck? USB
1 ck? Ethernet 1 ck? RF 2 ck? S-Video 1 ck? VGA 1 ckeJY Cable
Card 1 ckwdkY yg&SdwmrdkY jynfhpHkvHkavmufw,fvdkY qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/
'gayr,fh DVI eJY Fire Wire port awGtwGufawmh xnfhoGif;ryg&Sdvmay/ 1080 p analog input twGufvnf; tcGifhtvrf;
r&Sday/ owfrSwf wefzdk;uawmh 7500 a':vmjzpfw,f/

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Nokia E90 Communicator

uk,d x
f nft&G,t
f pm; 5 'or 2 vufr _ Nokia ukrÜPDrS topfvGifqHk;tjzpf xkwfvkyfvkdufwJh
2 'or 2 vufr _ 0 'or 8 unlocked smartphone av; jzpfw,f/ Screen ESpfck?
vufr&Sdw,f/ uD;bkwEf pS cf k yg0ifw,f/ Wi-Fi pepf Bluetooth 2.0 eJY GPS
awGtm;vHk; cGifhjyKxm;wJhtjyif wjcm; smartphone awGrSm
roHk;EkdifwJh application awG twGJvkduf xnfhay;vkdufygao;
w,f/ pG,fpHk vkyfukdifEkdifwJh ud&d,mwkdif;u aps;aygaygeJY
r&Ekid w
f hJ oabmaMumifh Nokia E 90 av;udk 1100 a':vmeJY
a&mif;csvmygw,f/ toHt&nftaoG;uvnf; tvGeaf umif;
w,f/ tjypfajymp&mqdv k Ykd aps;EIe;f MuD;jyD; enf;enf; av;vHae
wmyJ &Sdw,f/ twGif;rSm&SdwJh screen u 800 x 352 wide-
screen trsKd;tpm; jzpfw,f/ twGif;buf uD;bkwfuvnf;
QWER-TY yHkpHjyKjzpfw,f/ qufoG,fa&;t& quad-band
GSM trsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ 3G data speeds eJY oversea
twGuf 2100 MHz band udk ay;xm;w,f/ ¤if;eJYtwl
twGi;f buf screen u 4 vufr
ygvmwJh Quick Office eJY Microsoft &JU Word, Excel eJY
t&G,tf pm;&Sjd y;D 800 x 352 pixel
Power Point awGudk wnf;jzwfjcif;? odrf;qnf;jcif; tm;vHk;
wide screen trsK;d tpm;jzpfw,f/
vkyfudkifvdkY&w,f/

70 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS

Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-T2

Memory cards xnfhoGif;p&mrvdkbJ toHk;jyKEkdifwJh

twGuf tvGef txifMuD;p&maumif;wJh compact trsK;d tpm; 2 'or 7 vufrt&G,f
uifr&mav;vdkY qkd&rSm jzpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if com- touch screen LCD
pact uifr&mawGxJuae wpfbmom cGJxGufvmwJh yHkpHrsKd; wyfqifxm;w,f/
&Sdw,f/ internal memory 4 GB txd cGifhjyKxm;w,f/
b,fvdk conpact uifr&mrsKd;rqdk omreftm;jzifh internal
memory 32 MB xuf ydkay;avh r&SdMuygbl;/ 4 GB txd
&Sad ejyD;jzpfwmrdYk aemufxyf memory cards zd;k oufomoGm;
apw,f/ 2 'or 7 vufrt&G,f LCD touch-screen
av;uvnf; pGJrufp&m aumif;aejyefw,f/ ISO settings
twGuf 3200 txd ay;xm;w,f/ 400 xufausmfvGefr,f Altoids
qdk&ifawmh toHtenf;i,f xGufaewwfw,f/ Automact aowåmwpfvHk;xuf
mode awG tjynfhtpHkygovdk manual setting awGvnf; enf;enf;ydx
k w
l ,f/
xnfhay;xm;ygao;w,f/ Flash eJY ½dkuf½dkuf? aeYcif; tvif;
a&mifeJY ½dkuf½dkuf yHkxGufaumif;ygw,f/ zuf&Sifpwkdifav;
xkwfEkdifzdkY pGJrufp&m ta&miftaoG;eJY ukd,fxnfrSm qifjref;
xm;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 350 a':vmjzpfw,f/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Eye-Fi Card

Cam awGudk toHk;jyKwJhtcg 0dkif,mMudK; qufp&mrvdkbJ

yDpDudk wkduf½dkufykdYay;EkdifwJh adaptor av;jzpfw,f/ MudK;rJhpepfeJY
tdrrf mS &Sw
d hJ yDpq
D u
D kd wku
d ½f u
kd yf Ykday;Ekid w
f t
hJ vkyf Eye-Fi vdYk ac:wGif
apw,f/ uifr&mrSmoHk;wJh SD Cards tm;vHk;udk vufcH aqmif
yHrk eS t
f oH;k jyKaeus
&Guf,lEkdifw,f/ yDpDjzpfap? Mac uGefysLwmjzpfap ESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm
SD card yHpk jH zpfjy;D
wGJzuf toHk;jyKEkdifw,f/ uGefysLwmrSm xnfhoGif;EkdifzdkY Eye-Fi
t&G,t f pm;vnf;
Manager aqmhzf0J y½dk*&rfvnf; toifhygvmrSmjzpfw,f/ wyf
wlygw,f/
qif toHk;jyK&vnf; vG,fulygw,f/ Eye-Fi taeeJY tjyifrSm
toH;k jyKaeMuwJh Wi-Fi hot spots awGeYJ awmh tvkyf vkyu f idk af y;
rSm r[kwfay/ Upload vkyfwJhtcg JPEG formats awGudkyJ
cGifhjyKxm;wmudk tjypfqdkEkdifw,f/ aemufwpfcsuf udk,fykdifyg0g
r&Swd mrdYk uifr&mrSm oH;k xm;wJh bufx&Dqu D qG, J l toH;k jyK&if;
bufx&Doufwrf; avsmu h somG ;apEkid yf gw,f/ owfrw S f a&mif;cs
wJh wefz;kd u 99 a':vmjzpfw,f/ c&D;oGm;&if; "mwfy½kH u kd of al wG
twGuf toH;k jyK&wm handy jzpfoavmuf w&if;wES;D toH;k cs&
ovdkvnf; jzpfoGm;apEkdifygw,f/

72 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS

Ugobe Pleo

'kdifEdkaqmwpfaumifvdk yHkpH'DZkdif;jyKvkyfxm;wJh puf½kyfav;

jzpfwmrdkY Dinobot vdkYvnf; ac:Ekdifygw,f/ wu,fhwd&pämef
wpfaumifvdk xdawGYrIawG? tjriftm½HkawG&SdaewJhyHkpHtwkdif; uGef
ysLwmpepfawGoHk;jyD; wnfaqmuf zefqif;xm;wmjzpfw,f/
wpfenf;qd&k &if puf½yk w f x
D iG rf v
I rf;aMumif;udk taxmuftuljyK
ay;apwJh wDxGifrIwpf&yfeJY xkwfvkyfcJhwmjzpfw,f/ vJavsmif;
Ekdifw,f/ x&yfEkdifw,f/ oGm;vmEkdifw,f/ tjrD;udkvnf; axmif
rupm;Ekid w f ,f/ tjyma&mif rsufv;kH MuD;vdk wu,fh ouf0ifvyI f
&Sm;aeovdk zGifhvkduf ydwfvkduf upm;Ekdifw,f/ wu,fh t"du
image sensor eJY umvmuifr&mudk ESmacgif;ae&mrSm xnfhoGif;
wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfw,f/ Infrared sensor ukd EIwfoD;eJY
yg;pyfrmS wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ 'kid Ef akd qmwpfaumifvkd atmfjrnf tMurf;zsi;f tjrifh 7 'or 5 vufr
vku d w
f t hJ cg yg;pyftaetxm;eJY toHtaetxm; wpfxyfwnf; &Sjd y;D 3 'or 5 aygif av;w,f/
usaeatmif pDpOfxm;&Sdw,f/ vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmEkdifzdkYtwGuf Pleo
&JU udk,fxnfrSm armfwmtvHk;aygif; 14 vHk; wyfqifxm;wmjzpf
w,f/ wpfMudrb f ufx&Dtm;jznfx h m;&if 3 em&DMum &Sio
f efaerSm
jzpfw,f/ cspfpzG,faumif;wJh 'dkifEdkaqm puf½kyfav;eJY tazmf
tzufozG,f tcsdefjzKef;csifw,fqdk&ifawmh Ugobe Pleo udk
a':vm 350 eJY 0,f,l toHk;jyK&rSm jzpfw,f/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Philips Prestigo SRM7500

monochrome rdrd&JU wDAGDeJY yDpDawGudk xdef;csKyfvkyfukdifay;Ekdifr,fh ud&d,m

LCD wyfqif av;jzpfw,f/ wu,fwrf; rlv'DZkdif;u yDpDudk xdef;csKyfr,fh
ay;xm;w,f/ control tjzpf wDxi G cf w
hJ mjzpfayr,fh home theater xm;&So d al wG
twGufvnf; wDADGudk xdef;csKyfay;r,fhcvkwfeJY vkyfief;pOfawG
udkyg xnfhay;vkdufw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if wDADGeJY yDpDtwGuf
universal remote vdkY qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ Slide Show twGuf
vnf; yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/ tifwmeufudk toHk;cswJhtcg
weather data eJY headlines awGukd oD;jcm;qGí J MunfEh idk cf iG &hf odS vdk
yDpDrS data awGudkvnf; vkdtyfovdk aumuf,l wifjyay;Ekdifyg
w,f/ Control devices ay:rSm cvkwfaygif; 25 ck wyfqifay;
xm;wJt h jyif monochrome LCD av;udv k nf; xnfah y;xm;yg
ao;w,f/ Prestigo SRM 7500 eJYtwl universal software
awG xnfhay;vkdufrSmjzpfw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh wefzdk;u
a':vm 200 jzpfw,f/

74 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

New Products In Yangon

MSI N9600GT GPU
Nvidia GeForce 9600GT series ay:rSm tajccH wnf
aqmufxm;wJh aemufqHk;xkwf graphics card trsKd;tpm;wpfck
jzpfw,f/ 'DpD;&D;rSm PCI Express 2.0 interface wdkY 65 nm chip
xkwfvkyfa&;wdkYeJY stream processor 32 uae 64 unit txd
ESpfq &oGm;Edkifovkd memory bandwidth twGufvnf; 128
uae 256 bits txd &oGm;apwJh advanced technology awG
yg&Svd mjyDjzpfw,f/ N9600GT GPU &JU pGr;f aqmif&nfawGu NX
8600 G2S pD;&D;xuf ESpfqavmuf &SdoGm;wJhtjyif Direct X 10
*drf;awGtwGuf vufawGUusus toHk;csEdkifoGm;aprSm jzpfw,f/
Graphic card ordkif;wpfavQmufrSm qGJaqmifrIt&SdqHk; thermal
design eJY awGUjrif&w,f/ High end PC graphic orm;awG
twGuf trufarmqHk;t&mjzpfoGm;apw,f/ Core memory awGudk Munfhr,fqkd&if 650 MHz Core eJY 1GB GDDRB/ 800
MHz memory udk awGU&rSm jzpfw,f/ Onboard function awG udkMunfh&if HDTV-out/ Dual DVI-1 Connectors
awGygjyD; Dual Link DVI wdkY HDMI/ HDCP wdkYeJY SLI wdkYawGudk tjynfht0 yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;xm;ygw,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu
36 vrf; Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifwGif 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/»
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

P7N SLI Platinum Motherboard

,cktcg vlawG us,u f s,af vmifavmifajymaeMuwJh Green

PC qdw k hJ tqifu h kd ta&mufyYkday;r,fh 'DZikd ;f vdYk ajymEdik yf gvdrrhf ,f/
4-phasc PWMIC eJY dual channel PWM wdkY jyKvkyfxm;wJh
tjyif Hi-c CAP xnfhay;xm;wmrdkY yg0gudk ydkaumif;atmif
ajymif;vJay;jyD; Lift span udk wd;k ay;Edik w f ,f/ toHqn l rH u
I v
kd nf;
trsm;qH;k avQmch sxm;wmawGU&w,f/ toH;k jyK&r,fo h al wGtwGuf
tvG,fwuljzpfapzdkY 'DZdkif;jyKxm;w,f/ tylcsdef avQmhcsay;zdkY
twGuf tvGex f ad &mufapwJh Circu-Pipe pepfukd vufawGU toH;k
csxm;ay;w,f/ 45 nm processor eJY 3 way SLI twGuf toifh
jzpfaeapygw,f/ 45 nm Qual Core CPU udk xdu k x f ukd f xefxef
yHhydk;ay;Edkifw,f/ Qual PCI Express X16 Swt awGudkvnf; yHhydk;ay;ovdk SATA eJY Creative X-Fi Xtreme Audio
twGuv f nf; yHyh ;kd Edik zf Ykd pDpOfay;xm;wm awGU&ygw,f/ jAdwed Ef ikd if x H w
k f r*¾Zif;tapmifapmifrmS wefz;kd xdu
k w
f efrq
I ek YJ t,f'w
D m
tMudKufqkawGudk 2008 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvu csD;jr§ifhjcif;cHcJh&wJh motherboard trsKd;tpm;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu
36 vrf; Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/»
þu@rS jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; uGefysLwm ta&mif;qdkifwdkif;&JU topfa&muf&SdvmwJh b,fvkdypönf;udkrqkd azmfjyay;aewmaMumifh
azmfjyay;apvd&k if uGeyf sLwm*sme,fwu kd u
f kd vpOf 10 &ufaeYrwdik rf D ay;ydEYk ikd yf gw,f/

76 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

vufawGUtoHk;cs
Windows XP & Vista
0if;'d;k udak wmh vH;k 0 pGv
J rf; oGm;jyv
D Ykd wcsKaUd wGu ajymMuw,f/
ajymomajymvdu
k w
f ,f/ Feature awGeYJ
function awGukd pHpk akH phaph toH;k rcs jzpfao;wmrsK;d &SEd ikd w
f ,f/

pdww f ikd ;f us tajctaersK;d a&mufwt hJ xd operating system u

rydaYk y;Edik w f mrsK;d vnf; MuKH awG&U ygvrd rfh ,f/ wu,fawmh 0if;'d;k qdw k m
n§px f w k Ef ikd af v cHpm;cGi&fh Edik f avvdYk ñTe;f qdo k wfrwS Ef ikd wf t
hJ &m
jzpfw,f/ EIu d Ef u
dI cf Rwcf Rwf oH;k Munfrfh ,fq&kd if rdrt d aeeJY rjzpfEidk b f ;l vkYd
xifwmawGawmif jzpfEidk w f mrsK;d awG&U v dS mEkid wf ,f/ rdr&d UJ screen udk
tpm;xd;k Munhrf vm;? Control Panel udk hacking vkyMf unhrf vm;?
Windows Flip 3D udk EIe;f xm;jri§ w fh ifrvm; jzpfEikd w f mawG 'Dxufyjkd y;D
awGv U mygvrd rfh ,f/ vufawGU toH;k cs,Ml uwJh ae&mrSm
xduk x f u kd wf efwef jzpfapzdYk taxmuftul jzpfEikd rf ,fh
vrf;ñTecf suaf wGukd ñTe;f qdjk yay;vdyk gw,f/

78 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
RESIZE YOUR DESKTOP ICONS
Vista rSm desktop ay:u icon
awGjzpfjzpf? Windows Explorer icons
awGjzpfjzpf t&G,ftpm; ajymif;vJ,lzdkY
tifrwef ½d;k &Si;f pGmeJY vkyEf ikd w
f ,f/ Ctrl
udk ESdyfjyD; armufpfrS scroll wheel udk
vSnfh,l&if; ajymif;Edkifw,f/ a&SUwdk;&if
MuD;MuD;oGm;jyD; aemufqkwf&if ao;
ao;oGm;rSm jzpfw,f/ t&G,ftpm;
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; a&G;,lEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
Speed up Vista ajymif;xm;wJh t&G,ftpm;u aemuf
wpfMudrf jyefrajymif;rcsif; 'Dt&G,f
zGihfvSpfxm;wJh 0if;'dk;av;awGtm;vHk;udk preview vkyfzdkY zGihfxGufvmwJh Windows Flip 3D twdkif; &SdaeaprSm jzpfw,f/
u Windows Vista &JU topfvGifqHk;eJY qGJaqmifrItaumif;qHk; feature wpfckjzpfw,f/ 'gay wu,fvYkd armufprf jS zpfjzpf? track
r,fh owfrSwfxm;wJh [mh'f0Jvdktyfcsuf rjynhfrDcJh&ifawmh vkyfaqmifwJhtcg aES;auG;av;uef pad rSm jzpfjzpf? scroll wheel r&SdcJh&if
wmwdkY apmif;avmif; axmfavmfuefYvefYawG jzpfwmwdkY &SdEdkifw,f/ Resistry heck ½dk;½dk;av; icons t&G,ftpm; ajymif;vJ,lzdkY enf;
wpfcek JY twl Window Flip 3D udk EIe;f xm;jrihw f ufvmapzdYk vkyEf ikd w
f ,f/ cif;usi;f jyoEdik w
f Jh vrf;awG trsm;tjym; &Sdaeygao;
windows av;awGta&twGuu f v
kd nf; wd;k ,lEikd w
f ,f/ Animation udkvnf; ydkjyD; acsmarGUEdkif w,f/ tjrefqHk; enf;vrf;uawmh
apw,f/
t&G,t f pm; a&G;cs,fp&menf;yg;w,f/
1 Start Search rSm "regedit" vdYk ½du
k o
f Gi;f &if; Registry Edition udk ac:,El ikd w
f ,f/ 'grrS [kwf com- Desktop ay:rSm right-click vkyfjyD;
mand prompt wpfcktjzpf Hkey-Current-User\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ DWM view udk a&G;&w,f/ jyD;&if tao;?
vdYk vrf;ñTejf yK &if;eJv
Y nf; &Edik w
f ,f/

DW ard value opfwpfcuk kd zefw;D jy;D ¤if;udk 'Max 3D

2 Windows' vdYk trnfay;vdu
k &f w,f/ Windows av;
awGtwGuf trsm;qHk;ta&twGufudk set vkyf,l&w,f/
wu,fvYkd tav;teufxm;,l &r,fh pGr;f aqmifrI jyóem
&Scd &hJ if av;cktxd set vky, f yl g/aemufyikd ;f rSm tjrw
J rf; re-edit
vky, f v l &Ykd ygw,f/ jy;D &if Registry Editor u xGuv f u
kd &f
ygw,f/

ajymif;vJrI yDjyifapzdYk rdryd pD u

D kd restart jyefvyk zf Ykdvdyk gw,f/ 'grS
3 r[kwf Vista &JU Desktop Windows Manager udk re-
start jyefvy k &f ygvrd rfh ,f/ aemufyikd ;f vky&f rSmu awmh elevated
command prompt wpfckudk ac:,lzdkY search box xJrSm
"cmd" vdYk ½du k o f iG ;f jy;D Ctrl_Shift_Enter udk wGEJ ydS v f u kd &f w,f/
jyD;&if "net stop uxsms" udk ½dkufoGif;jyD; Enter udk ESdyf&r,f/
jy;D &if wpfcg net start uxsms vkYd ½ku d o
f iG ;f jy;D Enter ukd ESyd &f r,f/
'Dvkd vkyvf ukd jf cif;tm;jzifh Windows Flip 3Du EIe;f xm; jrihw f uf
oGm;apawmhw,f/

Setting topfeYJ vkyvf u kd w

f t
hJ cg Windows Flip 3D taeeJY rdrad wmif;qdw k hJ ta&twGut f xd Resize Me: XP wGif tjrefq;kH t&G,f
4
0if;'d;k av;awGukdcif;csay;vdrrfh ,f/ rdrt
d aeeJY0if;'d;k ta&twGufajcmufckzGix
fh m;ayr,fh settingrSm tjrihq
f ;kH tpm;ajymif;enf; ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
av;ckvYkd awmif;qdxk m;cJ&h if av;ckyJ ay:vmrSm jzpfw,f/ 0if;'d;k av;awGtMum; scroll vky,
f w
l t
hJ cg wpfck t&G,ftpm;a&G;cs,frItwGuf tuefY
jy;D oGm;&if aemufxyfwpfcktpm;xd;k 0ifa&mufvmapr,fhoabm jzpfw,f/ towf &Sdaew,f/

ar? 2008 79
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tay:- Vista Shortcut icon udk jyKjyifjy;D yHrk sm; jzpfw,f/

b,fbuf- XP rSm Shortcut icon arrow udk TweakUI eJY z,fxw k Ef ikd w
f ,f/

tvwf? tMuD;qdkwJh a&G;cs,frIudk a&G;
,lEdkifygw,f/
'DxufydkjyD; vkyfcsifw,fqdk&if
desktop udk right click vkyfjyD; Per-
sonalization ukd a&G;,l&w,f/ jyD;&if
Open Classic ape arance proper-
ties ukd uvpfvkyfvdkuf&if clour op-
tion &Edkifw,f/ Advanced button
udk ESdyf jyD; drop-down list rS icons
udk a&G; vdkufum Size control udk
oH;k jyD; t&G,f tpm; ajymif;vJ,&l w,f/
aemufqHk; OK udk ESdyf½Hkom &Sdw,f/
XP rS m awmh desktop ay:rS m
right-click vky?f Properties udk a&G;jyD;
Appearance tab udk click vkyjf yD; Ad-
vanced button udk ac:,l&rSm jzpf
w,f/ Drop-down list usvmwJhtcg
size control udkoHk;jyD; icons &JU t&G,f
tpm;udk a&G;,ljyD; OK udEk ydS af y;&w,f/
REMOVE YOUR ICON SHORTCUT
ARROWS
MuD;rm;wJh shortcut arrows u
Vista desktop icons ay:rSm pdwf uod
uatmufjzpfp&m jzpfaecJh&if Vista
Shortcut Overlay Remover udk toH;k
csjyD; z,fxkwfEdkifw,f/ tqdkyg ap-

Improve Explorer's Send To Menu

Windows Explorers twGi;f zkid w f pfcck k 'grrS [kwf folder wpfck
ckukd right click vkyv f u
kd w
f t
hJ cg menu wpfck ckex f Guvf mjy;D op-
tions trsK;d rsK;d udk csay;w,f/ tJ't D xJrmS wpfcjk zpfwJh Send To qdk
&if jyxm;wJh pm&if;yg ae&mXmeawGqDudk zkdifudk ydkYay;w,f/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh y½dk*&rfwpfck 'grSr[kwf folder wpfcu k kd drive wpfcq
k u
D kd
ydYak y;Edik w
f ,f/ 'gayr,fh default eJY xGuf vmwJh ae&mXmepm&if;rSm
rdrday;ydv Yk kdwJh ae&mrygcJ&h if tJ'aD e&mudak &mufEikd fatmif xyfxnfh
jcif;eJjY zpfjzpf? y½d*k &rfeJY jzpfjzpf pDpOf,El ikd fw,f/
WindowsVista rS C:\users\username\AppData\Roaming\
1 Microsoft\Windows\Send To udk oGm;&r,f/ (user name
qdwk m rdr&d t
UJ rnf jzpfw,f) XP rSmawmh Send to folder uko d mG ; Send
To Pop-up menu twGi;f item wpfcu k kd xnfah y;vdYk &Edik w
f ,f/ tJ'rD mS eJt
Y wl z,fxw k yf pf&w,f/ xnfo h iG ;f ,lwt
hJ cg rSmawmh folderudk high light vky, f jl y;D
vnf; C: \Documents and settings/ username/send to udk oGm;&rSm shortcut wpfckeJY xnfh,l&wmjzpfw,f/ File>New>Shortcut udk a&G;,l&w,f/
jzpfw,f/ ESpcf v k kH;twGuf folder u shortcut eJtY wl Send To con- (Windows Vista rSmawmh files menu ay:vmzdkY Alt udkvnf; ESdyfxm;&ef vdktyf
text menu ay:rmS awGE U ikd w
f ,f/ w,f/) Shortcut wpfcu k kd zefw;D zdYk xGuaf y:vmwJh ñTejf ycsuaf wGtwdik ;f qufvyk o f mG ;
½Hok m &Sw
d ,f/ vkyx f m;wJh setting topfu csucf si;f aqmif&u G jf y;D jzpfwt
hJ wGuf win-
2 Send To menu rS item wpfcc
ku
k kd z,fxw
k zf Ykd folder rS shortcut dows explorer u xGuo f mG ;zdYk rvdt k yfawmhay/

80 uGefysLwm*sme,f

plication udk vnfywfapjyD; short-
cut arrow udk ao;oxuf ao;atmif
'grSr[kwf z,fxkwfypfEkdifzkdY vkyfEkdif
w,f/ yxrawmh shortcut arrow udk
jrifae&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ aemufawmh
Windows vista shortcut remover
u z,fxkwfypfvdkufvdrhfr,f/
Vista Shortcut Overlay Re
mover u Windows XP eJ Y awmh
tvkyv
f yk rf mS rygbl;/ XP toH;k jyKrIawG
taeeJY Microsoft &JU tcrJh&EdkifwJh
TweakUI Power Toy udk oHk;&rSm jzpf
w,f/
Tweak UI udk vnfywfapjyD; Ex-
plorer Shortcut udk a&G;um "Light
arrow" 'grSr[kwf "None" udk a&G;,l&
w,f/ "None" uawmh vHk;0z,fxkwf
ypfrmS jzpfw,f/ xda&mufrI &Sad pzdYk Log
off eJY log on udk xyfvkyfay;&w,f/
U NCLUTTER XP' S C ONTROL
PANEL
Windows XP &JU Control Panel
oD;jcm; dialog box 'grrS [kwf pm&if;wpfcrk S Munhjf rifvw
applets awGukd a&G;yg/ >>
u odyf½dk;pif;wJhyHkpHawmh r[kwfay/
Applets awmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJY ½Iyy f aG ewJh
yHkpHrsKd;jzpfw,f/ 'gudk jyKjyifvkdY &yg
w,f/ Applets awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk
jrifuiG ;f u azsmufxm;Edik w f hJ oabmvdYk
qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/
Command prompt jzpf j zpf ?
Start Search rSmyJjzpfjzpf regedit vdkY
½du
k o f iG ;f vdu
k jf yD; Registry Edition udk
zrf;wifjyD; applets awGudk zHk;uG,fay;
cdkif;&rSm jzpfw,f/ Hkey-Local-Ma-
chine\Software\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Control panel\
don't load vdkY cdkif;apvdkuf&ygr,f/
tu,fí 'don't load' key vuf&dS
&Srd aecJ&h if Edit> New>Key udk tqif
oihfoGm;jyD; don't load vdkY trnfay;
&if; zefwD;,lEdkifygw,f/ Key taeeJY
trnfudk oG,f0dkuf ñTef;qdkjyD; con-
trol panel twGuf applet icons awGukd
qHk;jzwfjyD; wif,lapygvdrhfr,f/
zHk;uG,fxm;r,fh applet twGuf
string value topfwpfcu k kd zefw;D ,l&
kd Jh
<< Windows XP u control panel &JU
jrifuGi;f udk ig;rdepf twGi;f jyKjyif,El ikd w
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
w,f/ Mouse icon udk zH;k uG,x f m;wm
qdkygpdkY? string value taeeJY main.cpl
jzpfaeap&ygr,f/ string value wpfck
udk zefwD;zdkY cursor udk Hkey-Local-
Machine\Software\Microsoft\Win
dows\CurrentVersion\Control
Panel\don't load ay:rSm csxm;ay;&
w,f/ tJ'aD emuf Edit>New>Staring
value qD u d k o G m ;jyD ; value twGuf
rdrzd ;kH uG,x
f m;vdwk hJ filename udk ay;&
rSm jzpfw,f/
Command line u tqdkyg app-
let awGudk qufjyD; run aeygapvdrhf
r,f/ (XP &JU Control Panel windows
av;&JU b,fbufjcrf;ay:u Task lists
vd k ae&mrsKd ; awG r S m azmf j yvsuf
&SdaeaprSm jzpfw,f/) Control Panel
twGif;rSmawmh tJ'D icons awGukd rjrif
&awmhr,fh taetxm;jzpfw,f/
zHk;xm;vdkYr&wJh Control Panel
applet awGudk awGU&if underlying eJY
jyxm;wm y&rf;ywmawGU&rSmjzpfw,f/
Applets awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;u .cpl
f ,f/
ar? 2008 81
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
nmbuftay:- Windows XP &JU network connection udk EI;d aqmf a&;yHpk rH sK;d
twkvyk zf Ykd Tweak Vista udk oH;k Edik w
f ,f/
nmbuf- Windows XP u jrifawGEU ikd w f hJ EI;d aqmfrw
application csw
d rf o
d mG ;wJt
h cg azmfjyay; w,f/
fuiles jzpfaeayr,fh wcsKdUu folder
twGuf link vkyfjyD; jzpfaevdrhfr,f/
'grSr[kwf .dll files awGeJY xdef;csKyf
xm;vdYk jzpfr,f/ rdrw
d YkdtaeeJY .cpl files
awGudkyJ zHk;uG,fxm;vdkY&rSm jzpfw,f/
zHk;uG,fvdkwJh applet wpfckcsif;
twGuf oD;jcm; string value udk zef
wD;jyD; Registry u xGuf&r,f/ Hid-
den applet wpfck xyfay:vmzdkY Re-
gistry key wpfae&mwnf;uyJ string
value udk delete vkyf,lEdkifygw,f/
CASCADING CONTROL PANEL
Applets rsm;ud k tvsif t jref
0ifa&mufEdkifzdkYtwGuf Control Panel
udk cascading menu yHkpHudk ajymif;
,lMuw,f/ zH;k uG,x f m;wJh applet wpf
ckudk vnfywf vkyfudkifapzdkY Run box
rS jzpfjzpf? Command line rSm jzpfjzpf
tqdkyg applet &JU trnfudk ½dkufoGif;
ay;&w,f/
Control Panel udk toHk;rjyKbJ
82 uGefysLwm*sme,f
I pfcf u
k kd web connection eJY
ausmfcGvkyfudkifvdk&if rdrdtaeeJY Start
wGif;&Sd control panel a&G;wJhtcg cas-
cading menu wpfcktwGif; &SdaewJh
Control Panel applet awGudk cif;jyzdkY
MudK;pm; wGef;tm;ay;Edkifw,f/
Windows XP rSm 'DvdkyHkpH vkyf
,lzdkYtwGuf taskbar ay:rSm right_
click vkyfjyD; Properties udk oGm;&yg
vdrhfr,f/ Start menu twGuf start
menu button udk a&G;jyD; customize
ukd click vky, f yl g/ aemufjyD; advanc-
ed tab udk ESdyfyg/ Control Panel
acgif;pD;&JU atmufrS "Display as a
menu" qdkwJh pmwef;udk click vkyfjyD;
OK udk ESpfMudrfay;vdkuf&w,f/
Windows Vista rS m &S d a ewJ h
twdik ;f wpfxyfwnf; wlnpD mG vkyu f ikd f
vdkYvnf; &w,f/ Taskbar ay: right_
click vkyf Properties udka&G;? start
menu udk oGm;jyD;&if customize cvkwf
udk click vkyf control panel acgif;pD;udk
scroll down vkyf,ljyD; "Display as
a menu" qdkwJhpmwef;udk click vkyfjyD;
&if OK udk ESpfcgESdyfay;vdkuf&ygr,f/
ANIMATE VISTA'S NETWORK ICON
Vista eJY vnfywfxm;wJh yDpDwpf
vHk;ay:rSm tifwmeufu jzpfjzpf? net-
work ay:ujzpfjzpf data udk ay;ydkYwm
wdYk ? vufcw H mwdYk vyk w
f mudk jrifawGUEdik f
apzdkY tjrefqHk;enf;vrf; &Sdygw,f/
System tray twGif;&SdaewJh network
icon udk animate vkyaf y;wmjzpfw,f/
Icon ud k right_click vk y f j yD ;
"Turn on activity animation" udk a&G;
cs,f,l&r,f/ b,ftcsdefrqdk data udk
vufcHaewJhtcg? ay;ydkYaewJhtcg icon
u rodrom ñTef;qdk azmfjyay;ygvdrhf
r,f/ Animation udk ydwfzdkYuawmh
icon vdk right_click vkyfjyD; "Turn
off activity animation" udk a&G;ay;
vdkuf½HkyJ jzpfw,f/
CHANGE YOUR WINDOWS BOOT
SCREEN
aeYpOfaeYwdkif; Windows logo
ta[mif;MuD;udkyJ MunfhjrifjyD; Win-
dows udk pwifzGihf,l&wm jiD;aiGUvm
w,fqdk&if rdrdtaeeJY logo udk tvG,f
wul yHkpHajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/
24 bit bmp *&yfzpfwpfckudk rdrd
boot screen twGuf &SmazG zefw;D ,lEi kd f
w,f/ 1024 x 768 t&G,t f pm;wpfrsKd;
eJY 800 x 600 wpfrsKd; version ESpfrsKd;eJY
vkyfxm;zdkY vdkw,f/
udk,fwdkif rzefwD;,lEdkifbl;qdk&if
Google image search udk toHk;jyK,l
Edkifygvdrhfr,f/ *&yfzpfatmufajcwdkif;
rSm *&yfzpf&JU t&G,ftpm;udkyg azmfjy
xm;avh&Sdw,f/ Wallpaper xnfh&ef
qdkwJh pum;vHk;udkazmfjyjyD; &SmazG&if ydk
vG,fulygvdrhfr,f/
Jpeg eJY &&Sdvm&ifvnf; pdwfysuf
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Right- Click To Open a Command Prompt

xkxnf&SdwJh zdkifawGudk z,fxkwfwmwdkY? trnfajymif;wmwdkYvdk vkyf
ief; wpfcck uk kd jy;D ajrmufatmifjrifapzdt Yk wGuf command pro-mpt
u t&ma&mufwJh tool jzpfaew,f/ rMumcPqdkovdk Windows
Explorer eJYtwl aygif;jyD; toHk;cs,lMuavh &Sdw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk
awmh Explorer twGif; vuf&Sdae&mcsxm;jyD;jzpfwJh folder rS com-
mand prompt udk zGihf,lcsifvdkYyJjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh vuf&Sd folder
ay:rmS command prompt wpfczk Giafh yr,fh context menu udk right-
click vky, f l&wJh option wpfcu k kd aygi;f xnfzh Yakd wmh tqif ajyaprSm
r[kwfay? Oyrmtm;jzifh rdrdtaeeJY C:\My stuff folder udk right-
click vky, f v l &Ydk &dS if C:\ My Stuff ukd wku d ½f u
dk q f o
dk vkd command
prompt zGifhEkdifvdrfhr,f/

1 Vista rSmawmh vkyfzdkYvG,fygw,f/ Shift udk ESdyfxm;jyD; folder wpfck&JU 0if;'dk;av; twGif; Right_Click
vkyv f ukd w
f thJ cg option topfwpfck context menu ay:rmS ay:vmw,f/ "Open Command Window Here"
udk a&G;cs,v f u kd f wmeJU oihw
f ihw
f ahJ e&mrSm command prompt wpfck &Sv
d mrSm jzpfw,f/
2 XP wGirf l option awG ay:xu G rf vmay/ 'gayr,fh Registry tweak wpfcek JY ¤if;udk xnfo h Gi;f Edik w
f ,f/ Start
Search box rSm "regedit" udk ½du
k of Gi;f &if; Registry Editor udk ac:,v
l u
kd jf y;D Hkey-local-Machine\ Soft-
ware\ Classes\Folder\Shell qDukd oGm;&r,f/

3 Command Prompt vdkY ac:wJh key topf wpfcu k kd zefw;D ,l&w,f/ Default value twGuf folder wpf
ckukd right-click vkywf t
hJ cg ay:xu
G v
f mzdYk tvd&k w
dS hJ text udk ½du
k o
f iG ;f ay;&w,f/ Oyrm "Open Command Pro-
mpt" vdYk ½du
k &f ygr,f/

4 wpfcg "Command" vdkYac:wJh Command Prompt key &JU atmufrSm&SdwJh subkey wpfckudk zefwD;&jyefyg w,f/ default value udk "Cmd.exe/k
pushd%" jzpfaeap&ygr,f/

5 Registry u xGuv f u
kd &f ygr,f/ Menu option opfu ½kww f &uf ay:xu G v
f mygvrd rhf ,f/ rSwo
f m;xm;zdYk uawmh zdik w
f pfcu
k kd right_click vkyw
f t
hJ cg tJ'g
ay:vmrSmr[kwf ay/ Folder wpfcak y:rmS right_click vky&f ifom azmfjyay;rSm jzpfw,f/

p&m r&Sdyg/ qufoHk;vdkY &ygw,f/ bm &SmjyD; 800 x 600 twGuf t&G,ftpm; View (www.irfanview.com) udk tcrJh
jzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh Internet Explorer ajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/ 'DtwGuf Irfan &,lxm;&ygvdrhfr,f/
(IE) u bmp eJY save vky, f El ikd v
f Ykd ygyJ/
IE udk right_click vkyfvdkufjyD; "Save
Picture As" udk a&G;jyD; "Save As
Type" qd k w J h drop-down menu
twGif;rSm Bitmap (*bmp) a&G;jyD;
Save udk click vkyf½Hkom &Sdw,f/
tcsdef oufomapcsifw,fqdk&if
awmh 1024 x 768 pixel wpfrsK;d udk t&if

Boot Screen topf- Vista Boot Logo

Grenenator u puúeyYf ikd ;f twGi;f boot-
screen image udk ajymif;ay;ygvrd rfh ,f/ >>

ar? 2008 83
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Vista Boot Logo Generator
(tinyurl.com/yotb5e) udk download
vkyf,ljyD; install vkyfum run ,l&yg
r,f/ *&yfzpf a&G;cs,f&eftwGuf Bro-
wse for image udk click vkyfvdkufyg/
File udak &G;jyD; Save Boot Screen
As eJU odrf;,lyg/ rdrd hard disk xJrSm
b,faeYjzpfjzpf &Sad e&if tvkyv f yk af y;rSm
jzpfw,f/ y½d*k &rfuawmh winload.exe.
mui qdw k hJ zdik w
f pfcw
k nf;taeeJYyJ odr;f
ay;xm;rSm jzpfw,f/
odrf;xm;wJhzdkifudk C:\Windows\
System32\enUS qDudk ul;xnfhyg/
tqdkyg folder onf tjrJwrf; win-
dows .exe.mui trnfeYJ &Sad ejyD; jzpfae tab udk ESdyfum "No GUI boot" udk configuration jyKvkyfyHk tajctaeudk
apygw,f/ a&G;jyD; OK udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&r,f/ rdrd rlwnfjyD; vista taeeJY winload.exe.
Search box rSmjzpfjzpf command xnfhxm;wJh boot screen topfudk .mui file udk overwrite vky,
f zl Ykd cGijfh yK
prompt rSm jzpfjzpf "msconfig" udk umvmpHek YJ vSvyS y jrifEikd zf Ykd Windows rSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'DvdkjzpfvmcJh&if
½dkufxnfhjyD; Enter ESdyf&if; MSConfig MuD;udk Restart vkyf&ygvdrhfr,f/ xyfqifv h yk &f r,fh vkyif ef;pOfawG ydv
k m
utility udk vnfywfapEdkifygjyD/ Boot rSwfom;xm;&rSmuawmh rdrd&JU rSm jzpfw,f/

tay:^b,f-Windows XP eJt Y wl toH;k jyKzYkd boot-screen

images awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk boot skin u cGijfh yKay;xm;w,f/

atmufbuf- twdtusñTef;qdkxm;wJh files types 'grSr[kwf

folders udk &SmzdYk Start Search menu udk customize vkyjf cif;jzifh
vista &JU search speed udk jri§ w
fh if,El ikd af pw,f/

84 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Search box rSm cmd vdYk ½du k o f iG ;f txm; message wpfckudk &ygvdrhf r,f/ tJ'Daemuf "Processed file:
jyD; Ctrl ? Shift eJY Enter wkYd ukd ESyd vf u kd f r,f/ Cacls C:\Windows\System C:\Windows\System32\en-US\
jyD; command prompt udk adminis- 32\en-US\winload.exe.mui\ G xxx:F winload.exe.mui qdkwJh message udk
tration wpfcktaeeJY vnfywfap&yg udk command prompt rSm ½dkufoGif;jyD; jrifawGU&ygvdrhfr,f/
r,f/ jyD;&if takeown/f C:\windows\ Enter udk ESdyf&ygr,f/ ('Dae&mrSm xxx 'DtcsdefrSm winload.exe.mui udk
system32\enx-US\winload.exe.mui qdkwm toHk;jyKol&JUtrnfudk qdkvdkwm copy vkyfjyD; C:\Window\System
qdw k hJ command udk xyfxnf&h ygr,f/ jzpfw,f/) 32\en-US udk ydkrdk c&D;a&mufatmif
C:\Windows\System 32\en- qufvkyf rvkyf ar;vmwJhtcg aqmif&Gufay;oGm;EdkifjyD jzpfygw,f/
US\Winload.exe.mui &JU ydi kq
f ikd rf tI ae "Y" key ukdESdyfjyD; Enter udk ESy
d af y;&yg

Teach XP & Vista To network nicely

Peer-to-peer network twlwlay:rSm Windows XP eJU Windows
vista yDpDawGudk aygif;,lvdkufwJhtcg ½Hk;vkyfief; tao;pm;jzpfjzpf? tdrf
wGi;f vkyif ef;jzpfjzpf &Sad e&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'DtcgrmS jyóemt&yf&yfukd zdwf
ac: ovdk jzpfEdkifw,f/ Vista yDpDtwGuf XP yDpDawGudk &SmazGzdkY cufcJ
ovdk tjyeftvSef csw d q f ufrzd v
Ykd nf; cufcJrI &SEd ikd yf gw,f/ Windows
Vista Network Map (Microsoft Windows twGi;f rdwq f ufay;cJh
orQxJrSm taumif;qHk; networking feature jzpfwef&m jzpfw,f)u
XP yDpDawGeJY yHkrSeftvkyfrvkyfbJ jzpfaeygvdrhfr,f/ cif;jyay;wJhtwdkif;
network map ay:rmS yHrk eS jf yoay;Edik rf I r&SEd ikd af y/

jyKjyif,ljcif;
yxrqH;k jyóemu network ay:u rdr&d JU workgroup twGuf default
name ajymif;vJxm;cJw
h myJ jzpfw,f/ XP rSm network twGuf default
name u 'MS Home jzpfjy;D vista rSm "Workgroup" jzpfaew,f/

1 jyKjyifvv Ykd G,yf gw,f/ rdr&d JU vista network eJY udu

k n
f zD Ykd windows XP xJu workgroup name udk
ajymif;vJ,El ikd f w,f/ XP rSm My Computer udk right_click vkyf computer name tab udk ESyd jf y;D change
udk click vkyaf y;&ygr,f/ jy;D &if workgroup box xJrmS vista network trnftwdik ;f ½du k o
f iG ;f ,l&w,f/
2 Windows Vista twGi;f u default workgroup trnfukd oH;k xm;cJ&h if ½d;k ½d;k yJ tJ't D wdik ;f xnfvh u
kd ½f kH
ygy/J bmyJjzpfjzpf default udk toH;k rjyKc&hJ if vista network rS rdrad y;xm;wJt
h rnfuykd J t&ajymif;,ljy;D OK udk
ESyd &f rSm jzpfw,f/
3 OK udk ESy
d jf y;D wJt
h cg rdrt
d aeeJU workgroup name ajymif;vJxm;jy;D jzpfaMumif; twnfjyKay;wJh dialog
box xGuv
f mygvrd rfh ,f/ 'DtcgrmS vnf; OK udk xyfEydS af y;vdu k jf y;D uGeyf sLwmudk restart vkycf ikd ;f vdu
k &f rSm
jzpfw,f/
4 Vista twGi;f rdr& d JU work group &JU trnfukd ajymif;zdYk my computer udk right_click vkyjf y;D Prop-
erties udk a&G;&r,f/ rdr&d UJ yDpt
D rnfuv
kd nf; awGjU rif&r,f/ Workgroup trnfuv kd nf; awGMU u&r,f/ Change
Settings udk ESdyfjyD; Change udk click vkyf&r,f/ jyD;&if workgroup name topfudk ½dkufoGif;jyD; OK udk
ESyd v
f u
kd &f yg r,f/
5 Windows XP eJY vkyu f ikd &f efupd jö zpfwthJ avsmuf Windows Vista &JU workgroup name ajymif;vJ
xm;csuuf kdtwnfjyKcsux f m; jyKvyk af y;ygvrd rfh ,f/ b,fvykd J jzpfjzpf xda&mufwhJajymif;vJrw
I pfcjk zpfapzdYkuGeyf sL
wmudk network jyefvyk yf gvrd rfh ,f/

86 uGefysLwm*sme,f

XP BOOT SCREEN CHANGES
Third Party app udk tultnD
,ljyD; Windows XP toHk;jyKolawG
taeeJU boot screen udk aumif;aumif;
ajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/ tcrJh&wJh Boot
Skin y½dk*&rfudk download vkyf,ljyD;
install vkyuf m vnfywf toH;k jyKEdik rf mS
jzpfw,f/ (stardock.com u &Edkif
w,f) b,fvdk boots screen udk rqdk
scroll vkyfjyD; preview udk click vkyf
&if; tMuD;pm;yHkpH yHk&dyfeJY Munfh½I ppf
aq;MunfhEdkifw,f/ MudKufwmawGUwm
eJY Apply vdk click vkyfjyD; toHk;cs½HkyJ
&Sdw,f/
aemifwpfcsed f rdrd system udk boot
vkyw f t
hJ cg rdrd a&G;xm;wJh boot screen
opf wufvmrSmjzpfw,f/ y½d*k &rftae
eJU boot screen awGukd b,fa&GUb,frQ
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
uefYowfxm;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ "Bro-
wse boot screen library" udk click
vkyfjyD; Win Customize Boot Skins
Gallery udk jyefñTef;,lEdkifw,f/ Boot
Skin aygif;axmifaomif;ru&Sad ew,f/
wpfckckudka&G;jyD; zefwD;,lEdkifw,f/
SPEED UP VISTA SEARCH
Windows Vista &JU search u

Vista network wpfct

k wGuf XP udk o,f,jl cif;
XP eJY Vista ESpcf v k ;kH u workgroup twlwel YJ network vkyif ef;
wpfavQmuf tvkyf vkyf rvkyu f kd taotcsm ppfaq;,l&ygw,f/
tvSnfhwdkif;awmh r&Edkifay/ jyóemenf;enf;MuD;wmu Win-
dows Vista network map topfaMumifyh gyJ/
Network map u Windows Vista twGuf uGe&f uf vkyif ef;pOf
twGuf taumif;qHk; jznfhpGufay;wJh enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfw,f/
'gudk&zdkY control panel udk a&G;jyD; network and internet-net-
work and sharing center-view full map qDukd tqihq f ihf
oGm;,l&ygw,f/
Map u yDpDawGtm;vHk;udk jyay;w,f/ Network rSm csdwfxm;wJh
device awGudk jyay;w,f/ Workgroup av; wpfckomrubJ
network MuD;wpfckvHk;udk jyay;aew,f/ tJ'Dud&d,mawG&JU IP eJU
MAC address vdk tao;pdwfawGudk armufpfu tJ'D device
Before awGay: a&mufwdkif; azmfjyay;w,f/ qufoG,fzdkY yDpDwpfvHk;udk
click vkyv f u
kd yf g/
After wpfcgwav Vista u item awGukd &SmazGay;wmwd?Yk ajryHek JjY ywm
wdkY vkyfay;ayr,fh network ay:rS b,fae&m wyfqifxm;w,f
qdkwmudk rodwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; armufpftay:
u jzwfoGm;wdkif; oufqdkifwJh click eJY ywfoufwJh information
awGukd ay;aerSm jzpfw,f/
jyóemu devices awGtaMumif; information udk &SmawGzU yYkd J jzpf
w,f/ Vista u Link Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)
vdkY ac:wJh protocol topfwpfckudk toHk;jyKw,f/ LLTD qdkwm
vista yDpDwdkif;rSm &Sdaevdrfhr,f/ ¤if;u netwrok map ay:rSm
taotcsm jyay;aeygvdhrfr,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf Windows XP
xJrSmawmh LLTD udk wnfaqmufxm;rSm r[kwfygbl;/
'DjyóemtwGuf Layer Topology Discovery Responder
(tinyurl.com/2b3lkn) udk download vkyfjyD; install vkyf,jl yD;
ajz&Sif;,lEdkifw,f/ tJ'D y½dk*&rfav;u rdrd&JU XP yDpDudk network
map jyay;Edik zf Ykd pDpOfay;Edik fygvrd fhr,f/

ar? 2008 87
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Tweak Vista For Peak Performance

Vista taeeJU tjrefEeI ;f udprö mS pdwt

f aESmift h ,Suf jzpfp&m udpw ö pfck &Sd
ae&w,f/ 'gukd vufawGu U sus jyKjyif,El ikd rf ,fh enf;vrf;tcsKUd &Syd g w,f/

User interface udk yg;,ljcif;

vuf&SdvkyfaewJhvkyfief;pOfeJU rywfoufwJhae&mrSm vista u tvGef
vSywJh screen av;wpfck xnfhay;xm;w,f/ npmpm;yGJrSm 0wfqif&
wJh 0wfpHkMuD;udk 0wf&if; rm&oGefajy;yGJ0ifajy;ovdk jzpfae&w,f/

1 Side bar udk wpfyikd ;f wpfppD jzKw, f jl cif;eJU pwif&yg w,f/ Analogue em&DeUJ
RSS freed awGu xm;oihyf gw,f/ CPU cycle jyoxm;rIuawmh wyfqifxm;
&wm odyf rwefvaS y/ Sider bar ay:ukd right_click vkyjf y;D Properties udk a&G;
"Start Sidebar when windows starts" qdw k hJ tcsuu f kd deselect vky&f r,f/
jy;D &if OK ESyd af y;yg/ tJ'v
D kd vkyv
f u
kd w
f m aMumifh aemufwpfMurd f boot vkyw f thJ cg
sidebar ygrvmawmhay/

2 Munfv h aYkd wmh aumif;yg&UJ ? tjriftm½Hk zefw;D rItwGuf cycle-eating awGukd

links awG &Scd rhJ ,fq&kd if tJ'D
ydwyf pf&ygr,f/ Start udk click vkyjf y;D system.cpl udk ½du k of Gi;f yg/ jy;D &if Enter
xJu MuKd u&f mudkqG,
J l xnfh
ESyd jf y;D user account dialog box udk qufvyk zf Ykd ñTeMf um;ay;vdu k &f ygr,f/ Sys-
oGi;f Edik f w,f/
tem Properties dialog box xJu Advanced tab udk a&G;ESdyfjyD; Perfor-
mance box xJu setting cvkwfudk qufESdyfay;&r,f/ Dialog box xJu Dragging vkyfjyD; link
Visual Effect qdw k Jh cvkwu
f kd ESyd w
f t
Jh cg option awGxu J "Animate win- awGudk pDrHxm;&SdEdkifw,f/
dows when minimising and maximising" wdv Yk kd rygvnf;jzpfwhJ tcsuaf wG rESpfoufwJh link wpfckck
udk deselect vky, f l&r,f/ Adjust for best performance udkvnf; select udkvnf; z,fxkwf,lEdkif
vkyaf y;&r,f/ w,f/ z,fxkwfvdkufwJh
item udk right_click vkyf
File eJY folder awGxJ 0ifwt
Jh cg ydrk jkd refqefapjcif; jy;D remove link udk a&G;ESyd f
zkid w
f pfcu
k kdzGiMfhunfzh YkoH
d ;k rdepfavmuftcsed ,
f al e&wmudkavQmch sEikd w
f ,fq&kd if ay;vdu k &f ygr,f/
ydjk y;D tqifajyvmEdik pf &m taMumif; &Syd gw,f/
4 Cascading menu wpfct k wGuf b,ft&mrqdk xnfo h iG ;f wJt
h cgrsK;d rSm file
3 File Open dialog box wpfck 'grSr[kwf Windows Explorer &JU eJU folder awGudk &Sm,lwJh ae&mrSm tcsdefukefoufomatmif vkyf,lEdkifw,f/
b,fbuf tay:axmihfwpfae&mudk Munfhyg/ Microsoft &JU favourite links Desktop ay:rSm xnfhxm;r,fhtpm; taskbar ay:rSm xnfhxm;wmu ydkjrefyg
awGygwJh favourite links qdkwmudk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ rdrdudk,fydkif favourite w,f/ aemufwpfcu k shortcuts av;awG vkyx f m;&if jrefw,f/
5 wu,fvYky½d d *k &rftrnfukdodaecJ&h if b,f menurS oGm;p&mrvdb k J zGi,
fh El ikd f
zdYk tay:xyd rf mS xm;Edik ?f ,lEikd w f ,f/ Start vdk click vkyv f yYkd Jjzpfjzpf? uD;bkwu f
Windows key udk ESy dvf yYkd Jjzpfjzpf ESyd jf y;D &if application trnfukd ½du k o f iG ;f yg/
toH;k csy½d*k &rf&UJtrnf tpydik ;f udkarhaeonfw h ikd f aemufq;kH pmvH;k udk½du k o
f iG ;f ½Hek UJ
tjynft h pHk ay:vmEdik w f ,f/ Oyrm Elements vdYk ½du k &f if Adobe Photoshop
Element qdw k hJ trnfMu;D tvdt k avsmuf ay:vmrSmjzpfw,f/ 'DtcgrmS Enter
udk ESyd af y;vdu k &f w,f/ y½d*k &rftrnf&aUJ tmufrmS documentawGeUJtD;ar;vfawG
pm&if;wpfcek UJ jyKpx k m;wmukd awG&U vdrrfh ,f/ tJ'&D mS enf;u vG,af wmhrvG,yf g/
'gayr,fh aES;awmh aES;w,f/
6 uefo Y wfcsutf csKu
Ud kd xm;&S&d ifvnf; Start search &JU tjrefEeI ;f udk jri§ w
fh if
Edik yf gao;w,f/ Start udk right-click ESyd f properties udo k Gm;jy;D Customize
udk ESyd ,f &l r,f/ Search Option trsK;d rsK;d udk awGwU t
hJ xd scroll vky, f &l r,f/
Options awmfawmfrsm;rsm; tJ'rD mS &Sad eygw,f/

88 uGefysLwm*sme,f

rdrd hard disk ay:rSm contacts pm&if;
awG? tD;ar;vfawGeJY zdkifawGudk wpfyHk
wpfyif &SdaecJh&if txpfxpf taighaigh
jzpfaeEdkifygw,f/ 'ghtwGuf uspfuspf
vspfvspf jyefvkyfjyD; &SmwJhenf;vrf;
av; wpfck &Sdygw,f/
Searches trsm;pku Start menu
ay:u Search Box twGi;f xnf½h u kd jf yD;
&Smavh&Smx&SdMuw,f/ tcsdefrjzKef;vdk
wJh olawGtaeeJU 'Denf;u Mumaeapyg
w,f/ Start menu uae 'Dx h ufjrefqef
wJh enf;udk cs,lvdkY&w,f/
yxrqHk; rdrd&SmazGr,fh informa-
tion &JU type udk search box rSm ½du
k af c:
,l&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf type trsKd;tpm;
udk tqHk;tjzwfay;&r,f/
qHk;jzwfjyD;wmeJU start button udk
right_click vkyfjyD; Properties udk
oGm;&ygr,f/ jyD;&if Customize cvkwf
udk click vky,f &l w,f/ 'DtcgrSm Cus-
tomize Start Menu dialog box xGuf
vmygvdrhfr,f/
rdrdr&SmvdkawmhwJh content &JU
b,fvdktrsKd;tpm;udkrqdk a&G;cs,frIu
y,fazsmufypf&ygr,f/ OyrmtaeeJU
y½dk*&rfawGtwGuf search vkyf&efudk
om vdkvm;w,fqdk&if Search Com-
munication eJU search favourites
and history wdkYudk z,fxkwfjyD; Don't
Search for files udk a&G;,l&ygw,f/
wu,fvdkY zdkifawGudkom &Sm,l
vdkw,fqdk&ifawmh search program,
search communication eJU search
favourites and history udk box rS
untick vkyfypf&rSm jzpfw,f/
a&G;cs,fvdkY jyD;jyDqdk&if OK udk
click vky½
fokH m&Sw d ,f/ aemufxyfwpfcg
OK udk xyfEy dS v
f ukd &f ygOD;r,f/ Search
taeeJU ododomomMuD; ydkjrefvmwm
awGU&rSmjzpfw,f/
GET A CAPS LOCK WARNING
uGefysLwm oHk;pGJwJh tawGUtMuHK
awGt& rawmfwq Caps Lock key
av;udk xdrv d Ykd pdwt
f aESmiht f ,Suf jzpf
avhjzpfx&SdMuw,f/ 'DtcgrSm pmvHk;
awGu capital latters awG jzpfomG ;avh
&Sw
d ,f/ 'Dupd t ö wGuf tJ'v D jkd zpfvmcJ&h if
toHxu G f owday;Edik zf Ykd ½d;k &Si;f wJh enf;
vrf;eJY vkyf,lEdkifw,f/
WindowsXP rSmqdk&if Control
Panel udo k mG ; Accessibility Options
a&G;,l&r,f/ Screen &JU atmufajcrSm
&SdwJh Use ToggleKeys udk a&G;cs,frIjy
jyD; OK udk ESdyfay;vdkuf½HkyJ jzpfw,f/
Windows Vista rSmawmh Con-
trol Panel udkoGm; Ease of Access
txuf^b,f-Microsoft &JU user
account graphics awGeJY uyfr,lyg/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
udk a&G;,l&r,f/ jyD;&if "Change how
your keyboards work" udk a&G;cs,f
ay;jyD;rS Use ToggleKeys udk toHk;jyK
r,fhtaMumif; jyojyD; Save udk ESdyfay;
vdkuf&rSm jzpfw,f/
USE YOUR OWN USER ACCOUNT
GRAPHIC
rdrd&JU user account ½kyfyHkav;awG
udk rubber ducky wdkY? snowflake wdkY?
goldfish wdkY? jrif;wpfpHkwdkYeJY jyo,lvdk
MurSmygyJ/ 'DtwGuf gif jzpfjzpf? jpeg
jzpfjzpf? prg jzpfjzpf? bmp jzpfjzpf
b,fvdk format eJYrqdk rdrdtvdk&SdwJh
½kyfyHktwGuf toHk;csEdkifcGihf &Sdw,f/
Windows Vista rS m Control
Panel udkoGm; User Account and
Family safety u change your ac-
count picture udk a&G;vdkufr,fqdk&if
preset options awGeJY wifjyxm;wJh
screen wpfckudk awGU&rSmjzpfw,f/
'gudk ausmfjzwfjyD; Browse for more
pictures udk click vkyf,l&r,f/ jyD;&if
MudKuf&myHkudka&G;jyD; OK udk click vkyf
vdkuf½HkyJ jzpfw,f/
XP rSmvnf; 'DvdkvkyfzdkY Control
Panel udkoGm; User Account a&G;,l
&ygr,f/ rdrd ajymif;vJwifqifvw kd hJ ac-
count ay:rSm click vkyf,ljyD; Change
the Picture udk a&G;,lyg/ jyD;&if pic-
ture tajrmuftjrm;udMk unfz h Ykd Browse
for more picture udk oGm;&r,f/ Im-
age wpfcc k u
k kd a&G;jyD; OK udk ESyd ½f ykH gyJ/
tjrefqHk; enf;vrf;eJY &,lzdkYu
awmh XP Jjzpfjzpf? Vista jzpfjzpf rdrd&JU
account picture ay:udk click vkyf,l
vdkufwmeJU rdrd user account ajymif;
zdkYtwGuf screen ay:xGufvmaprSm
jzpfygw,f/
Ref: PC Advisor Feb 2008
ar? 2008 89
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

2008 ckESpf jrefrmtkdifpDwD jyyGJ

rwfv 23 &ufaeYuae 25 &uf udk ykjd yD; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; a&G;xkwjf yoay; vrf;aMumif; usyfwmwdkY? ydwfqkdYjyD;
aeYtxd &efukefjrdKU OD;0dpm&vrf;ay:&Sd Ekid Mf uwm jzpfw,f/ 'kw, d xl;jcm;csuf wkd;a0SUae&wmrsKd; rawGU&awmhbl;/
wyfrawmfcef;rrSm 2008 ckESpftwGuf uawmh vma&muf Munh f ½ I M uwJ h jycef;wpfcef;udk 0ifMunhfwJhtcgrSm
tkdifpDwDjyyGJMuD;udk usif;yjzpfcJhw,f/ y&dowfyJ jzpfw,f/ jyyGJqkdvdkYom vm vnf; 0,f,ltoHk;jyKolwpfOD;taeeJY
rwfv 23 &ufaeY? eHeuf 8 em&DcrJG mS Mu&w,f? [kdarmharmh 'Darmharmh vm ar;jref; pHkprf;wJh tqifhawG &SdvmMu
umuG,af &;0efMuD;Xmeu 'kw, d Adv k f MuwJh y&dowfypkH rH sK;d r[kwaf wmhygbl;/ w,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if jyyGJMuD;wpfck
csKyfMuD; jrifhaqG udk,fwkdif vma&muf rdrdwdkY&JU OD;wnfcsufawG? pdwful;av; vdkY qkdvkdufwmeJY vmMunhfwJholawGu
zGifhvSpfjyD; tm;ay;cJhwm awGU&w,f/ awGeJY vmMuwJholawGu ydkrdkrsm;vmMu wef;pD0ifMujyD; 0ifwJhtaygufuae
jyyGJrSm jrefrmjynfrSm &Sd&SdorQ w,f/ qkv d w
kd mu t"du bmMunfch sif xGufwJhtayguftxd [kdarmharmh 'D
tDvufx&Gefepfypönf; a&mif;0,fa&; w,fqkdwJhtod &SdvmMuwm jzpfw,f/ armharmh vrf;avQmufoGm;wJhyHkpHrsKd;
ukrP Ü aD wG? uGeyf sLwmeJYqufE, T yf pön;f jycef;toD;oD;rSm olYvleJYol 0ifa&muf r[kwfawmhwm awGU&w,f/ 'DtxJrSm
ta&mif; uk, d pf m;vS,af wGeYJ enf;ynm Munh½f I ar;jref;avhvmaeMuwmaMumifh jycef;jyoolawGuvnf; y&dowf pdwf
ydkif;qkdif&m vkyfief;ukrÜPDawG yg0if
qifEMJT uwm jzpfw,f/ qkid cf ef;EIe;f xm;
awG MuD;jrifhw,fvdkY pum;oHawG xGuf
vmMuayr,fh qkdifcef;aygif; 95 cef;
xd tjynhf iSm;&rf;toHk;jyKcJhMuw,f/
jycef;awGukd A, B, C, D, E, F, G qkw d hJ
trsKd;tpm;awGeJY cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;wJh
tjyif t&G,t f pm;yrmPeJY ae&mtcif;
tusif;ay: rlwnfjyD; iSm;&rf;cawG ay;
Mu&w,f/ jyowJh ukrÜPDta&twGuf
aygif; 82ck &Sdygw,f/
'DjyyGJrSm xl;jcm;csufESpf&yfudk awGU
vku d &f w,f/ yxr xl;jcm;csufuawmh
jyoolawGtaeeJY aemufq;kH ay: tkid w f D
enf;ynmopfawGeYJ xkwu f ek tf opfawG

ar? 2008 91
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
0ifpm;Ekdifr,fh ypönf;trsKd;tpm;awGudk
txl;xifxifay:ay: jyoay;cJhwmudk
awGU&jyefw,f/ jyyGJyDowJh jyyGJwpfckvdkY
nTef;qkdEkdifcJh&w,f/
jycef;awG&JU qJGaqmifrItykdif;rSm
t0if0ae&mrSmvnf; ae&m,lxm;jyD;
cif;usif;rIuvnf; vSyum pepfusvS
wJh Lucky Bind ukrÜPD&JU Toshiba
jycef;eJY TMW ukrÜPD&JU Sony jycef;
MuD;awGu 0ifa&muf Munhf½IolawG
tMudKuf awGUoGm;apygw,f/ aemuf
wpfckuawmh Smart Computer u
pDpOfay;wJh Miss MSI 2008 a&G;yGJyJ
jzpf w ,f / a&T y G J v my&d o wf a wG u d k
qJGaqmifrItay;EkdifqHk;jzpfwmaMumifh
most popular qkdwJh qkudk jyyGJ usif;y
a&; aumfrwDu csD;jr§ifhay;cJh&w,f/
EkdifiHwumrSm desktop aps;uGuf
xuf Laptop aps;uGufu ydkaumif;
vmwm awGU&ovdk jrefrmEkid if rH mS vnf;
,cktcg Laptops toHk;jyKol ta&
twGuf wpfaeYwjcm; wkd;vmwm awGU
&w,f/ 0,fvkdtm;&Sdovdk uGefysLwm
ta&mif;qkid af wGrmS vnf; Laptops awG
udk rwifrjzpf wifvmMu&w,f/ jyyGJ
rSmvnf; Laptops trsKd;rsKd;udk awGUjrif
aeMu&ygw,f/ Lucky Bird ukrP Ü uD
92 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Toshiba notebook trsKd;rsKd;udk OD;pm;
ay; wifjyxm;jyD; TMW Sony u
Sony notebook awG u d k jyoxm;
w,f/ 'Dvydk J motherboard eJY graphic
card udk txl; a&mif;csavh&SdwJh MSI
&JU ukd,fpm;vS,f Smart Computer eJY
Asus &JU uk,d pf m;vS,f Golden Power
ukrÜPDu Asus notebook awGudk
wifjy a&mif;csaewm awGU&ygw,f/
Notebook awGcsnf; oD;jcm; a&mif;cs
wJh Notebook Mart vdk qkdifuawmh
trsKd;tpm; aygif;pHk wifxm;ay;w,f/
uGefysLwm ta&mif;qkdifwkdif;rSmvdkvdk
notebook uG e f y sLwm tenf ; qH k ;
ESpfrsKd;avmuf wifa&mif;aewmawG
awGUEkdifw,f/ tJ'Dvdk notebook trsKd;
rsKd; wifjya&mif;csrI acwfpm;vmovdk
aps;EIef;awGudk Munhf&ifvnf; odod
omomMuD; avQmhcsvmwmudkvnf;
avhvmawGU&Sd&w,f/ *drf;upm;EkdifwJh
Laptop trsK;d tpm;awGawmif jrefrmaiG
15 odef;avmufeJY &EkdifwJhtaetxm;
&Sdw,f/
Desktop uG e f y sLwmawG e J Y
ywfoufvdkY gaming PC wnfaqmuf
,lzdkY vli,fawGu txl;pdwf0ifwpm;
Munhf½IMuwm awGU&w,f/ Mother-
board awG? Graphic Cards awGtjyif
Case awGudkyg ar;jref; pHkprf; avhvm
aeMuwm awGU&ygw,f/ tJ'v D dk vli,f
awGuawmh MSI jycef;eJY Golden
Power jycef;rSm 0ifa&muf avhvm
Muw,f/
'DjyyGJrSm aemufwpfck xl;jcm;wm
uawmh oifwef;ausmif;awGukd ar;jref;
pHkprf;MuwJh vli,fy&dowfawG tawmf
rsm;Muw,f/ 'DvkdyJ oifwef;ausmif;
awGeJY ywfoufjyD; oifMum;ydkYcsolawG
uvnf; trsKd;rsKd; &Sdaejyefygw,f/
uGefysLwmtoHk;cs oifwef;awG? y½dk

*&rfa&;enf; oifwef;awGtjyif EkdifiH
jcm;u csD;jr§ifhwJh 'D*&DawG? 'DyvdkrmawG
udk ajzMum;Ekdifr,fh oifwef;awG ygvm
w,f/
pwkw¬xl;jcm;csuftaeeJY y½dk*&rf
awG a&;jyD; a&mif;cswJh vkyfief;orm;
awG ,cif jyyGJawGxuf rsm;vmw,f/
pDrHcefYcGJrI? aiGpm&if;xm;odkrI tygt0if
uGefysLwmeJY pDpOf aqmif&Guf,lwJh
y½dk*&rfawGudk aMumfjimvmMuw,f/
MudwfMudwfwkd; 0,f,ltm;ay;Muwm
uawmh rkdbdkif;vfw,fvDzkef;awGxJrSm
t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tbd"mefudk xnfhay;
EkdifwhJ Defined aqmhzf0J y½dk*&rfeJY
rkdbkdif;vfzkef;tcsif;csif; jrefrmpmeJY
owif;wkdxGm ay;ydkY qufoG,fEkdifr,fh
Messx aqmhzf0Jy½dk*&rfta&mif;cef;yJ
jzpfw,f/
0ufbfqdkufawG a&;jyD; wifay;
r,fh vkyfief;awGvnf; ay:vmw,f/
tifwmeufuaz;awGu wpfaeYwjcm;
rsm;jym;vmovdk tifwmeuftoH;k jyKol
vli,fawGuvnf;wk;d yGm;vmwmaMumifh
aMumfjimudpaö wGu pmtkyfawG? *sme,f
awG? pmapmifawGrSmwif auseyfaevdkY
rjzpfMuawmhygbl;/ 0ufbfqdkufawGrSm
yg wifjyD; aMumfjimrS jzpfawmhr,f qkd
wmudk ydkrdk em;vnfvmMuwJh oabm
jzpfw,f/
vk y f i ef ; tao;pm;av;awG e J Y
tv,ftvwf ukrP Ü aD wGrmS network
csdwf vkyfukdifMu&w,f/ ukrÜPD ta&
twGuf wkd;vmwJhtcg? wkd;csJUMuwJh
tcgrSm vdu k vf H aqmif&uG af y;r,fh vkyf
ief;orm;awGvnf; xk;d xk;d axmifaxmif
jzpfvmMuygw,f/ 'DtxJrmS Info-Gate
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
eJY MNT ukrÜPDawGuqkd MudK;eJY csdwf
qufzYkd jzpfjzpf? MudK;rJch sdwq
f ufzYkd jzpfjzpf
wyfqif toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh aemufqHk;ay:
acwfrD ud&d,mav;awGudk wifquf
jyooGm;wm awGU&w,f/
wpfcsed w
f nf;rSmyJ jrefrmhqufo, G f
a&; vkyfief;u a&mif;cscGifhjyKxm;wJh
MPT ADSL eJY MPT Satellite Ter-
minal awGudk a&mif;csaewmrdkY ukrÜPD
vkyfief;XmeawGu tifwmeuf csdwf
qufrI &,lEkdifapzdkY 0ifa&mufavhvm
ar;jref;aeMuwmvnf; awGU&ygw,f/
2008 ckESpf jrefrmtkdifpDwDjyyGJMuD;
rSm jycef;pDpOfrItaeeJY Lucky Bird &JU
Toshiba jycef;udk trSwaf y;MujyD; xl;xl;
jcm;jcm; Miss MSI 2008 udk pDpOfay;wJh
MSI jycef;udk Most popular qk cs;D jr§ihf
jcif;cHMuw,fvdkY od&Sd&ygw,f/ omref
jyyGJ wpfck toGiftjyifxuf qef;opf
pGm pDpOfMuwJh ukrÜPDwkdif;&JU MudK;yrf;rI
u jrefrmhtkdifpDwDjyyGJorkdif;aMumif;rSm
rSwfausmufwifavmufp&m jzpfcJh&
aMumif; oGm;a&mufavhvmcJh&if; wpf
pdwf wpfa'o wifjyvdkuf&jcif; jzpfyg
aMumif;/
ar? 2008 93
uGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
EkdifiHwumuGefysLwmowif;ESifh rSwfpk
Web 0efaqmifrI tajccH taqmufttHk App Engine udk
Google rS vTww f if
Web applications
awG wnfaqmufvnfywf
zdkY&m tGefvkdif; develop-
ment 0ef ; usif j zpf a om
Google App Engine &JU
tprf; beta udk Google rS
xkwfjyefaMunmvkdufw,f/
yxrqHk; sign up vkyfol
ta,muf wpf a omif ; u
tcrJh &&Sdr,f/ Google rS
¤if;&JUuk,
d yf idk f applications
awGtwGuf oHk;pGJcJh&m wlnD
aom wnfaqmufa&; tkwf
jrpfrsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ On-
96 uGefysLwm*sme,f
line storage twGuf Goo-
gle's BigTable database,
Google File System Pro-
cessing eJY tjcm;vdkorQ
0efaqmifrIrsm;pGm yg&Sdw,f/
0ef t m;eJ Y a'wmyrmP
MuD;rm;pOftcgrSawmif ,Hk
Munftm;xm;pGm run r,fh
applications rsm; wnf
aqmufzkdY ydkvG,fvmygr,f/
tvm;wl tGefvkdif;0ef
aqmifrIrsm;jzpfaom Ama-
zon &JU Elastic Compute
Cloud (EC2) eJ Y Sales
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
force.com &J U App Ex-
change wdkYtay: jydKifqkdifrI
zdtm;ay;vmp&m &Sdygw,f/
tMudK prf;oyfumvtwGif;
storage twGuf 500 MB,
CPU per day twGuf 200
million megacycles, band
width per day twGuf 10
GB, e-mails per day 2000
tuefYtowf &Sdw,f/ xdk
yrmPjzifh qdkvQif Google
App Engine applications
awG[m wpfv pmrsufESm
Munfh½Iol 5 oef; axmufyHh
Ekid rf ,f/ Amazon Web ser-
vices awGu oD;jcm;pD toH;k
jyKEkdifjyD; Google App En-
gine uawmh ykdjyD;aygif;pyf
pk p nf ; xm;wJ h platform
toGif ydkaygufw,f/
App Engine y½dk*&rf
awG u d k Python bmom
pum;eJY a&;om;Ekdifr,f/
tem*wfrSmawmh tjcm; bm
ompum;awGyg taxmuf
tyHh &vmr,f/ tMudK pre-
view umv ausmfvGefoGm;
&if oHk;oavmufay; pay-
as-you-go tcaMu;aiG
aumufcrH ,f/ 'D Developer
awGrS olwdkY&JU Web appli-
cations twGi;f xd0 k efaqmif
rIudk xnfhoGif;oHk;pGJvmMu
wJhtcg xdk service eJY Ad
seuse rS 0ifaiG&vmr,fvdkY
Google u arQmfvifhxm;
w,f/ 'gayr,fx h 0kd efaqmif
rIu wu,fhjyef&csuf[m
oG,f0kdufaomtm;jzifhyJ jzpf
vdrfhr,f/
t"du aphaqmfwkduf
wGef;csufu web udk plat-
form toGijf zpfapjyD; a&SUodYk
wdk;í MuD;xGm;jyefYyGm;apzdkY
yg/ Developer awG u
web applications awG
wnfaqmuf& ydv k , G v
f m&if
applications awG ydkrsm;vm
r,f/ Users awGudk Web
odYk ydí
k qGaJ qmifjyD; Google
udkvnf; ulnDvdrfhr,fvkdY
product manager Pete
Koomen u ajymoG m ;yg
w,f/

AMD rS 0efxrf;tiftm; 10 &mckid Ef eI ;f jzwfcsrnf
yxr oH k ; vywf
twGif; pdwfauseyfzG,f r&Sd
aom ta&mif;xdkif;rIaMumifh
2008 ckEpS &f UJ wwd, oH;k v
ywfrSm 0efxrf;tiftm; 10
&mck d i f E I e f ; jzwf c sr,f v d k Y
AMD rS aMunmvku d wf ,f/
ta&twGuftm;jzifh urÇm
tESHY 0efxrf;tiftm; 1600
&Sdvdrfhr,f/ yxroHk;vywf
a&mif;&aiG xkwfjyef&mrSm
a':vm 1 'or 5 bDvD,H
&SdjyD; rESpfu xdkumvMum;
ykdif;xuf 22 &mckdifEIef; wkd;
vmwmrSeaf yr,fh 2007 ckEpS f
pwkw¬ oHk;vywf pHcsdefwif
a&mif;&aiG a':vm 1 'or
auG;qefv Y rd nf p§ Ef idk fwJh qDvu
ya&mfzufqm John Rogers rS yxrqk;H
o½kyjf ywifqufEidk cf w Jh ,f/ prwft0wftxnfrsm;
OD;aESmufwiG ;f xnfo h iG ;f rI? use;f rma&; apmifMh unfh
rSwof m;rIawGrmS tok;H ûyvmEkid v
77 bDvD,HrS 15 &mckdifEIef;
jyKwfusoGm;ygw,f/ 2007
ck E S p f & J U pwk w ¬ o H k ; vywf
twGif;rSm ATI udk 0,f,l
odrf;ykdufrIeJY qufET,fjyD;
a':vm 1 'or 6 bDvD,H
t½HI;ay:cJhaMumif; aMunmcJh
w,f/
b,f E S p f t wG u f r qd k
yxroH;k vywfu chip ma-
ker awGtwGuf a&mif;tm;
uswm yHkrSefyJvdkY qdkw,f/
'gayr,fh xHk;pHtm;jzifh 5
uae 10 &mckdifEIef;yJ us
w,f v d k Y cG J j crf ; pd w f j zmol
wpf O D ; u ajymygw,f /
AMD &J U 15 &mck d i f E I e f ;
D Gecf spyf u f dk tDvED GdKuw
f uúov
dk rf mS
f rd rhf ,f/
uGeyf sLwmowif;ESirhf w
a&mif;&aiG avsmhusrIu MuD;
rm;jyD; jyóemrsm;udk nTef;
qdkaew,f/ AMD jyóem
&JU taMumif;&if;wpfykdif;u
2007 ckESpftwGif; ¤if;&JU
quad-core opteron proc-
essor Barcelona jzef Y a 0
&ufudk aemufqkwfa&TUqkdif;
&rI? qDvDuGeftwGif; trSm;
ygwJ h Phenom desktop
chips awGaMumifhjzpfw,f/
rwfvrSmxkwfr,fh triple-
core chips awGvdk tjcm;
xkwfukefawGygvkdufjyD; &uf
a&TU&awmhw,f/
yxr oH k ; vywf
twGif; processors a&mif;
tm;uscsd e f aemuf q H k ; eJ Y
taumif;qHk; chips awGr&Sd
&if tajctae qdk;w,f/
Intel rSmu aps;uGuftwGif;
S pf k
olwYkd &UJ aemufq;kH eJYtaumif;
qHk; chips xGufjyD;om;&Sd
w,f/ jywfvyfrI &Sdaew,f
vdkY qdkayr,fh a&mif;tm;udk
jcH K rd r ,f h y H k ay:aew,f /
tvkyf tiftm;avQmhcsjcif;
jzifh p&dwfumrdum AMD
udk tjrwfjyef&atmif ulnD
ay;vdrfhr,f/ AMD taeeJY
Intel eJY trDvkdufEkdifatmif
45-nanometer processors
awG tjrefvkdufxkwfEkdifzdkY
vdkygvdrfhr,f/ ¤if;&JU chips
awG txl ; ojzif h quad-
core processor awGu In-
tel rS t&mawGxuf ydak umif;
aom aps;EIe;f pGr;f aqmif&nf
tcsKd;&SdaMumif; jyozdkY&m
vdkaeygw,f/
ar? 2008 97
 EkdifiHwumuGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
*

GOOGLE udk
oif,Hkovm;
Nicholas Carr qdw
k hJ yk*K¾d v[
f m wu,fawmh ukrÜPDtm;vHk;u ykdifqkdifxm;jyD;jzpfí
tqifjh rifh enf;ynmavmurSm yGq J l ajymae&avmufatmif xl;jyD; ta&;rMuD;awmhyg/)
atmif jyKvyk w f wfw,f/ Harvard Carr &JU pmtkyfopf ]MuD;pGmaom ta&GU tajymif; -
Business Review &JU ,cif The Big Switch } uawmh ay:xe
G ;f p "World Wide
trIaqmif t,f'w D m[m 2004 Computer" udk &nf&G,fypfrSwx
f m;w,f/ a'wm
ckEpS w
f ek ;f u tMu;D tus,f tpkttHk data cloud rsm;&S&d m ta0;rS server farms
tjiif;yGm;p&m IT ta&; Mu;D ovm;/ rsm;jzifh wGJaESmifxm;aom [efjy dummy pc

Does IT Matter? ]aqmif;yg;eJY tqifhom&SdwJh toHk;csrIyHkpH jzpfw,f/ Computing &JU

bwf*suMf u;D aom aumfy&kd w d f tem*wfu bmaMumifh odyfaMumufp&m
computing avmuudk aumif;w,fqdkwm &SmazGazmfxkwfzkdY Carr eJY
vufypfAHk;jzifh ypfcGif;cJhol/ awGYqHk ar;jref;cJhMuw,f/

98 uGefysLwm*sme,f
IBM axmifwo
Jh l Thomas J Watson
udk udk;um;ajym&&if (wvGJudk;um; pum;
vnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/) urÇmMuD;u uGefysL
wm ig;vHk;yJ vdkvdrfhr,fwJh/ 'g rSefw,fvdkY
ajym&if&rvm;/
World Wide Web MuD;u y½d* k &rf
oGif;xdef;ausmif;EkdifwJh MuD;rm;vSpGm
aom pufwpfvHk; jzpfvmaew,f/
Watson ajymwmav;vHk;awmif ydkoGm;
ao;w,f/
Desktop uae data cloud odYk Mu;D rm;wJh
tajymif;tvJ b,fawmhjzpfrvJ/
vltrsm;pk tJ'Dudk a&mufESifhjyD;ae
ygjyD/ txl;ojzifh vli,fawG olwdkY
hard drive ay:u yHkpHa[mif; y½dk*&rf
awGxuf cloud apps vdkY ac:Muaom
MySpace, Flickr, Gmail awGrmS tcse df
ydkoHk;vmwJhtcg jzpfvmMuw,f/ tHhMo
p&maumif;wmu 'Dyk*¾vdurS trsm;
jynfoq l idk &f maqmhz0f o
J Ykd ta&TUtajymif;
[m uRefawmfwkdY owdrjyKrdbJeJYudk
jzpfvmaeMuwmyg/
wpfukd,fa& vGwfvyfcGifhqkdif&m ylyefrI
udpaö wGtwGuaf &m
yk*Kd¾ vfa&;tcsufawG tGefvkdif;ay:
odrf;&wm pdwfylyefrdw,fvdkY vlawGu
ajymMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh tcsdefeJYaiGudk
acRwmzdkY wpfukd,fa& vGwfvyfcGifhudk
paw;jyD; olwdkY wpfcsdefvHk; vkyfaeMu
wmyJ / uk r Ü P D a wG v nf ; rxl ; bl ; /
avmavmq,f a&yef;tpm;qH;k vkyif ef;
oHk; application u payroll eJY cus-
tomer accounts awG pDrHudkifwG,fzdkY
&myJ / wu,f u uk r Ü P D a wG t zk d Y
txdcdkuf rcHEkdifqHk;? trSm;rcHEkdifqHk;
owif;tcsuftvufawGyJaygh/
yDpt
D wGuf bmuserf vJ/
ol w d k Y u uG e f & uf tzsm;pG e f ;
toGif;txkwfpufcHk network ter-
minals odkY ajymif;oGm;Mur,f/
Sun Microsystem &JU *gxmrEÅ&m;
a[mif; "The network is the compu-
ter" qdkwmvdkyJvm;/
Google CEO Eric Schmidlt tJ'D
rSm tawGYtMuHKawG&&Sd &ifhusufcJhwm
wkdufqkdifrI r[kwfbl;/ Google u
Sun yHkMurf; a&;jcpfcJhwmudk c&D;qHk;yef;
wkdifa&mufatmif jznfhqnf;ay;aewm
yJ/
'gayr,fh wpfcw k nf;aom urÇmvH;k qkid &f m
pepfMuD;qdkwmMuawmha&m/
vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJaejyD; trsKd;rsKd;
taxGaxG pkaygif; pyfaygif; yHkpHrsKd;eJYyJ
tqHk;owf&vdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmf awG;
cJhrdzl;w,f/ ukrÜPDtrsm;MuD; avsmh&J&J
qufoG,fxm;wmawGaygh/ 'gayr,fh
wpfvHk;wpfpnf;wnf; MuD;rm;wJh pk
pnf;aygif;pyfrIawG Google eJY Micro-
soft udk ukrÜPDMuD;awGrSm awGYvm&jyD;
ygjyD/ toHk;taqmifrsm;tMum; a'wm
a&GUvsm;rIjzpfapr,fh pHEIef;wpfrsKd;rsKd;
uRefawmfwdkY awGYjrifEkdifaumif;w,f/
vQyfppfr[m"mwftm;vkdif; grid pepf
twGif; ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;u vQyfpD;awG
pD;0ifEkdifwJh yHkpHrsKd;yJaygh/
0ufbfudk twGif;vdIufpm; csnfheJYapr,fh
tzGJYawG bmjzpfrvJ/ wpfOD;wpfa,muf
csi;f taeeJY tcGit hf mPm &uke&f if bmawG
jzpfrvJ/
uG e f y sLwmqd k w m wpf u k d , f a &
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf enf;ynm/
'gayr,fh olwkdYu csKyfukdifxdef;ausmif;
a&;twGuf enf;ynmvnf;yJ jzpfae
ao;w,f/ vlwkdif;twGuf blogs awG
a&;zdkY? You Tube odkY AD'D,dkawG up-
load wifzYkd ? olwYkd u, kd o
f wl Ykd facebook
rSm trTrf;wifzdkY tcGifhtmPm &vmwm
awG[m xl;uJaumif;rGefvSygw,f/
'gayr,fh yk*¾vdu ukd,fa&; tcsuf
tvufawG ydkí jrifomay:vGifvmjyD;
a'wmawG ppfppfaygufayguf wl;,lEidk f
wJh datamining aqmhzf0JawGu ydkjyD;
tqifjh rif½h yI af xG;vmwJt h cg pepfawGu
ar? 2008 99
 EkdifiHwumuGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
*
ydjk yD;awmh A[dOk ;D pD;pepfqefqef jzpfvm
w,f/ tJ'Dtcg csKyfukdifxdef;ausmif;
a&; tusKd;u txufpD; ydk&oGm;w,f/
wu,fvdkY oifu vlawGudk apmifhMuyf
Munfh½IjyD; ukdifwG,f toHk;cszdkY &Smae
wmqdk&if 'Dxufydkaumif;wJh puf'DZkdif;
qifEkdifawmhr,f r[kwfbl;/
'gqkd Google twGuaf wmh olrsm; xufukd
omoGm;awmhrmS yJayg/h
[kwfygh/ Google Earth rS MudKqdk
vsufygyJ/ qDvDuGefawmifMum;twGif;
uGefysLwmodyÜHynm&Sif vufwpfqkyf
pmeJY AI uRrf;usifolawGu uRefawmf
wdkY uGefysLwmawGudk jyefa&;ay;½kHwif
ruygbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY ,Ofaus;rI&JU
tem*wftac:ta0:awGyg EIwfwkduf
csay;aewm odyfaMumufp&m aumif;
w,f/
tem*wfudk MudKa&muf&ovdkyJ/ Hal-
touf0ifvmovdkrsKd;vm;/
Stanley kubricks &JU a&SUa&; arQmf
jrifa[mudef;&JU aMumufp&m taumif;
qH;k u uGeyf sLwmawG vlvpkd wifjyD; jyKrl
vmwm r[kwfbl;/ vlawGu uGefysL
wmvdk pwif jyKrlvmwmyJ/ uReaf wmfwYkd
[m owif;tcsuftvuf wGufcsuf
a&; &if;jrpfqufx;kH node vdk pjyD;awmh
wGufcsufpDrH jyKjyifvmaeMuw,f/ &Sm
azG awGY&SdzdkY jrefEIef;eJY a'wmzwfzdkY&m
avmufeJY jyD;aeovdkyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY
[m todÓPfukd pufrsm;odYk ul;ajymif;
ay;aejyD / puf a wG u awmh ¤if ; &J U
pOf;pm;yHk enf;vrf;awG uRefawmfwkdYqD
jyefvnful;ajymif;ay;aew,f/
100 uGefysLwm*sme,f
THE BIG SWITCH: REWIRING THE WORLD,
FROM EDISON TO GOOGLE
uRefawmfwdkY[m ,cif rMuHKpzl;aom enf;ynmtul;tajymif;umv tv,f
a&mufaew,fvdkY xif&w,f/ 'DpmtkyfrSm Carr u 'pf*spfw,f awmfvSefa&;&JU
OD;wnfcsuf[m vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&; tusKd;qufeJY orkdif;
jzpfpOft& tjydKifqifwlrI&SdaMumif; qdkxm;w,f/ ESpfq,f&mpk tapmykdif;rSm
vQyfppfudk ukrÜPDwpfckpDvdkorQ in-house uGufí xkwfvkyfMujcif;rSaejyD;
tajrmuftjrm; xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;í yg0g grid uGef&ufrS tvG,fqufoG,f
&,lEkdifjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;vmw,f/ 'DawmfvSefa&;[m pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rSonf
ynma&;txd aq;ynmrSonf aexkdifrI Adokumtxd b0&JU rsufESmpmtm;vHk;
ajymif;vJapcJhw,f/ ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkrSmawmh tvm;wlawmfvSefa&;u comput-
ing eJY owif;tcsuftvuf enf;ynmrSmvnf; jzpfay:vmjyDvdkY Carr u
usKd;aMumif;xkwfjyw,f/ ,aeY ukrÜPDawGu olwdkYukd,fykdif IT tajccH
taqmufttHkawG qufí wnfaqmufaeMuqJyJ/ oD;jcm; uGefysLwmrsm;
qufí 0,f,lvsuf &SdaeqJ/ 'gayr,fh ,aeYvQyfppfpGrf;tm;udk tvG,f&,l
oHk;pGJEkdifovdkrsKd; tifwmeuf[m ukrÜPDawGrS csdwfquf&,lEkdifaom comput-
ing grid yHkpHwpfrsKd; pwifjzpfvmaew,f/ vuf&Sd erlemawGuawmh data
storage twGuf S3, computing power twGuf EC2 vdk Amazon &JU
trsKd;rsKd;aom 0efaqmifrIawG jzpfw,f/ uGefysLwmawG[m wpfoD;yk*v ¾ hard
drives udk oHk;zdkY&mxuf access portal csdwfquf0ifaygufvdk ydkjzpfvmMur,f/
Computing systems awG programming rSonf data storage txd
ta0;wpf ae&mrSm&SdwJh MuD;rm;aom hard drives rsm;qD outsource
ay;vmMur,f/ The Big Switch qdkonfrSm wpfoD;yk*v ¾ uRef;av;rsm;ozG,f
jzpfaeonfh ,aeY corporate computing [m World Wide Computer odkY
ajymif;oGm;rSm qdkvdkw,f/ tajccHtm;jzifhawmh y½dk*&rfa&;oGif;Ekdifaom
tifwmeuf programmable
internet yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'D global
uGefysLwmMuD;u ydkíyg;eyfcsufcsm
vmjyD; vlom;awG&JU tqiftuGuf
eJY urÇmudk ydkí oif,l em;vnf
vmMur,f/ 'gudk olu
]uRefawmfwdkY\ todÓPfrsm;
pufokdY vTJajymif;ay;jcif;}vdkY ac:
w,f/ 19 &mpk acG;oGm;pdwfbD;
Oyrm yHkpHeJY vlwpfOD; wpfa,muf
csif;u 'D global computer &JU
neurons jzpfoGm;rSm olpdk;&drf
aMumif; a&;xm;w,f/
 Adobe CS3

Adobe \ Web design program topfrsm;

Adobe [m yHkESdyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfief;? uGef&uf
pmrsufESmrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh AD'D,dk ½kyf&Sif zefwD;xkwfvkyfrI
awGtwGuf y½dk*&rfawGtm;vHk;udk pkpnf;jyD; Creative
Suite 3 (CS3) tjzpf yGJxkwfchJw,f/ CS3 [m Mac-
based creative professional awGjzpfwJh print, Web
eJY video awG vkyaf qmifzYdk taumif;qH;k tools awG xnhf
oGi;f ay;chw
J ,f/ Adobe &JU Web Design program topf
awGjzpfwhJ Dreamweaver(Dw), Firework (FW),
Flash (FL), Contribute (Ct) wkeYd YJ rdwq f ufay;vku
d f
w,f/ 'Dy½dk*&rfawG&JU rlvtzGJUtpnf;[m Macromedia
uyJ jzpfw,f/
Web application program awG [m Intel tajccH jzpfjy;D
yHpk t
H rsK;d rsK;d eJY &Ekid w
f ,f/ Web standard ($ 999), Web
premium ($ 1599), Master Collection ($ 2499)
vk[d mrsK;d awGayg/h olwuYdk kd wpfcck si;f pDvnf; &&SEd ikd wf ,f/
Adobe taeeJY macromedia applications awGudk
wpkwaygi;f wnf;aom uniform interface tjzpf pkpnf;
yGJxkwfchJayr,fh wcsKdU rlvyHkoP²mefawGudkawmh macro-
media application awGeYJ ,Ofyg;tom;uscw Jh Jh toH;k jyK
olawG tqifajyapzkdY rl&if;raysmufatmif xnhfoGif;ay;
xm;ygw,f/

Dreamweaver CS3 Fireworks CS3 Flash CS3 Contibute CS3

Professional

ar? 2008 101

REVIEW
Dreamweaver CS3
0ufbfqdkufawG zefwD; a&;qGJzkdYeJY
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf taumif;
qHk; tool vkdY qkdEkdifygw,f/ aemufqHk;
xkwf version rSm Intel processor
awGtwGuf ydktvkyfvkyfukdif& aumif;
atmif taxmuftyHhay;xm;w,f/
Photoshop CS3 eJY CSS (cascading
Style Sheets design) wkdYudk em;vnf
vG,fapwhJ tool awGeJY wpfpkwpfpnf;
aygif;xnfhay;w,f/ qGJaqmifrI&SdwJh
rsufESmjyifawG zefwD;a&;rSm Java
Script, CSS eJY HTML wkdYudk pkaygif;
pyfaygif; a&maxG; a&;om;xm;whJ
Spry framework for Ajax xnhfoGif;
xm;whJ y½kd*&rfvnf; jzpfw,f/ (Spry
framework for Ajax qdo k nfrmS Java
script library wpfck jzpfjyD; jynfh0
aom Ajax pGrf;&nftwGuf taxmuf
tyHhjyK&ef yg0ifvmcJhaom enf;ynm
jzpfonf/ toHk;jyKolonf javascript
ESihf ywfoufí txl;wvnf uRr;f usif
aep&m rvdktyfawmhacs/)
Adobe trnf e J Y xk w f v k y f w h J
y½dk*&rfawGxJrSm Intel Macs ay:rSm
wkduf½kduf run EkdifwhJ yxrqHk; version
vnf; jzpfw,f/ Intel Macs ay:rSm
run wh J Dreamweaver CS3 [m
Rosetta ay:rS m run wh J Dream-
weaver 8 xuf wHkYjyeftm; ykdaumif;
w,f/ Start-up time vnf; ykdjrefvm
w,f/ Typing vkyf&wmvnf; ydkjref
vmw,f/ Template awGudk update
vkyfjcif;eJY vufaygufuwfwJh vkyf
aqmifraI wG vkyaf qmif&mrSmvnf; vsif
jrefvmw,f/
Dreamweaver CS3 eJU Dream-
102 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
weaver 8 &JY user
interface csif; wl
w,f / Macro-
media style awGeJY
ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m
tom;usaeolawG
tqif a jyzk d Y &nf
&G,fw,f/ Photo-
shop CS3 eJYvnf;
aygif;pyf vkyfudkif
EdkifapzdkY jyKvkyfxm;
w,f/ Photoshop
ay:rSm vkyfxm;whJ
workflow awG u d k
Dreamweaver ay:
qGJwifvkdY&w,f/ Photoshop ay:u tjzpf pkpnf;xm;wmaMumifh Web con-
Layer, selection, slice tp&SdwmawG tent awGudk b,fvdk display vkyf&r,f
ud k copy vk y f j yD ; Dreamweaver qkwd mvkyaf qmifay;Ekid w f ,f/ Dream-
ay:rSm jyefjyD; paste vkyfvkdY&w,f/ weaver page awGudk preview vkyf
Photoshop zdkifawGudk Dreamweaver MunhfvkdY&w,f/ Mobile device pro-
page ay:udk drag vkyf,lvkdY&w,f/ file 200 ausmfavmuf &Sdw,f/ Pro-
y½dk*&rfxJrSm compression settings file wpfckcsif;u particular phone
vkyfzkdY yHkwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf window wpfckcsif;&JU display udk simulate
topfawGudk xyfrHac:,lEdkifw,f/ vkyfay;Ekdifygw,f/ txl;ojzifh Op-
prwfuswJh yHk&dyfawG[m Web page era Mini browser wyfqifxm;whJ
ay:rSm ay:vmr,f/ zkef;rsKd;rSm ydkjyD; wdusygw,f/
Dreamweaver CS3 taeeJ Y
Webpage awGudk edit vkyf&rSmoHk;whJ The New Web
original Photoshop yHkawG&JU wnf Dreamweaver &JU wu,fx;l jcm;
ae&mudk rSwfrdaeEkdifpGrf; &Sdw,f/ 'gay rIuawmh Web page ay:rSm vIyf&Sm;rI
r,fh tJ'Dvkd rSwfrdzkdYuvnf; Photo- &SdjyD; qGJaqmifEdkifwJhypönf;awG aygif;
shop CS3 udkoHk;rSom jzpfEkdifvdrfhr,f/ xnfhay;Ekdifr,fh tools awGyJ/ Spry
,ckxw k w
f Jh version topfay:rSm framework awGay:rSm based vkyf
Adobe's new Device Central yg&Sd xm;w,f/ Dreamweaver &JU old
vmw,f/ Mobile devices awGrSm timeline animation awG&JU tay:,H
y½dk*&rfaygif;rsm;pGmudk suite wpfck rsufpyd om' (eye candy) xuf trsm;

MuD; ykdvkyfEkdifw,f/ cyf½dk;½dk; Java
Script eJY a&;xm;whJ Dreamweaver
8 &JU behaviors xuf ododomom ydk
aumif;wmudk awGU & w,f/ Spry
widgets eJY block of code awGudk
wnfaqmufjyD; rdrdtvkd&Sd&m page
tay: insert vkyfvkdY&w,f/ Page
ay:rSm toHk;usr,fh user-interface
element awG xnhfoGif;ay;Ekdifw,f/
Spry Menus Bar widget uawmh
pop-up menu awG tqif h j rif h j rif h
zefwD;zdkY axmufyHhay;xm;wm jzpf
w,f/ Space wpfckrSm Links awG
trsm;tjym;udk wpfjydKifeuf pkpnf;ay;
xm;Ek d i f w ,f / Form validation
widgets uawmh data awGudk rSefrSef
uefuef jznfhpGufjyD; submit vkyfEdkifzkdY
coded owfrw S af y;whJ tools jzpfw,f/
wjcm; page widget awG u awmh
ae&musOf;usOf;xJrSm content rsm;rsm;
0ifqhHatmif vkyfaqmifay;Ekdifw,f/
Oyrm Tabbed Panels widget [m
ae&mwpfckwnf;rSm content awGudk
tab awGxyfxm;wJhyHkpHeJY ae&mcsay;&m
rS m toH k ; jyKw,f / Tab wpf c k u d k
uvpfESdyfMunhfwhJtcgrS a&SUudk xGuf
vmwJhyHkpHrsdK; jyay;ygvdrhfr,f/
rsufpdyom' tuGefYtnGefYawG
xnhfjyD; rdrd&JU Web page tay:rSm qGJ
aqmifr&I v dS matmif vkycf sifoal wGtae
eJY fade out, shrink, grow, shake an
image 'grSr[kwf wjcm; page con-
Dreamweaver CS3
tm;omcsuf - Ajax taxmuftuljyK framework yg0ifvmcJhjyD; photoshop ESifhtwl wGJzuf
um CSS layout rsm;udk zefwD;EdkifrIpGrf;&nf jrifhvmcJhonf/
tm;enf;csuf - Database twGuf t"du yHyh ;kd ay;aom tool rsm;rSm update vky&f ef tvGet
vdktyfygonf/
aps;EIe;f - $399; upgrade $199
ukrPÜ D - Adobe Systems (www.adobe.com)
tent awGudk spry effects oHk;jyD; vkyf
aqmifEkdifw,f/ The Spry Data Set
taeeJY XML zdkifay:u data awGudk
Z,m;wpfckxJrSm jyoEdkifatmif vkyf
aqmifay;w,f/ Web page ukd vm
MunhfoltaeeJY aumfvHwpfck&JU acgif;
pOfawGtay: uvpfvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh
Z,m;wpfckudk pepfwus Munhf½IEkdif
w,f/ Item wpfck&JU wduswJh owif;
tcsut f vufawGukd web server qDu
downloading vkyfp&mrvkdbJ Munhf½I
Ekdifapw,f/
Solving CSS Woes
CSS uawmh Web designer
awG&JU r&Sdrjzpf tool wpfck jzpfjyD;
proper web-coding standards xnhf
oHk;whJ web site awG&JU vSvSyy ½Icsif
pzG,f jrifuGif;awG zefwD;&mrSm oHk;
w,f/ cufwmu CSS [m confus-
ing technology wpfck jzpfaew,f/
Window machines, Macs eJY trsdK;
rsdK;aom browsers awG oHk;jyD; web
page awG zefwD;&mrSm twlwl wnD
wnf; jzpfEkdifzkdYudpö[m tawmfhudk
rvG,fwhJudpö jzpfaew,f/ Dream-
weaver CS3 rSmawmh CSS layouts
eJY Check Browser Compatibility
qkdwhJ feature topfESpfrsKd; xnhfay;
xm;vkdY rSm;vkdufjyifvkduf (trial-and-
error) tvkyaf wGukd odoo d mom avQmh
csay;vmEdkifw,f/
f rif;
Adobe CS3
CSS Layouts rSm user awG
toH k ; jyKavh & S d w J h layouts trsm;pk
yHkpHtwGuf tajccHvkdtyfwhJ HTML eJY
CSS awG tqifoifh zefwD;jyD; xnfh
oGif;ay;xm;w,f/ Dreamweaver 8
xuf options awG pHkpHkvifvif xnfh
ay;xm;w,f/ web browser awG tm;
vHk;oHk;jyD; design function awG zefw;D
EdkifzkdY vdktyfwhJ vkyfief;cGif zefwD;rIawG
xnhfay;xm;w,f/ Check Browser
Compatibility uawmh browser wpfck
ckrSm rSefrSefuefuef tvkyfrvkyfay;
EkdifwhJ code awGudk scan vkyfay;w,f/
Getting Old
Dreamweaver CS3 [m server-
side tools ud k a wmh tajymif ; tvJ
rvkyfbJ 'Dtwkdif; xm;&Sday;w,f/
0ufbfqdkufudk databases eJY interact
jzpfatmif vkyfaqmifcsifwhJ 'DZdkifemawG
&JU tonf;pGJjzpfaevkdYyJ/ Upload vkyf
wJhae&m? tD;ar;vfydkYwJhae&meJY visual
SQL common server-side prob-
lems awGudk ajz&Sif;ay;r,fh com-
mands awG tckxufxd ryg&Sdao;wm
udk awGU&w,f/
aps;0,f tMuHay;csuf
ppfrSef jynfh0wJh t&nftaoG; &Sd
wJh tool awGudk aygif;pyfxnfhoGif;ay;
cJhwmrdkY Dreamweaver [m web de-
sign y½d* k &rfawGxrJ mS xdyq
f ;kH u &Sad eOD;
rSm aocsmoavmufygyJ/ Intel y½dk
qufqm wyfqifxm;wJh Mac uGefysL
wmawGay:rSm run jcif;tm;jzifh build-
ing CSS-based layout vkyfwmwkdY
add user interface control xnhfwm
wkdYudk vufaygufruwfbJ vkyfvmEkdif
vdrhfr,f/ Dreamweaver CS3 [m
wu,f tm;ukd;avmufwhJ software
topf wpfckygyJ/
ar? 2008 103
REVIEW
Flash CS3 Professional
Adobe's trnfatmufrSm yxr
qHk; xkwfa0chJwhJ Flash CS3 profes-
sional [m new CS3 suite xJrSm
pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,faumif;whJ enhanced
y½dk*&rfawG xyfrHwyfqifay;chJwhJt&m
qkdvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ Flash rSm inter-
acting components 2 ck yg0ifvm
w,f/ wpfcku Flash &JU pGrf;&nf ydk
jrifhvmwhJ Action Script eJY t&G,f
tpm;ajymif ; ayr,f h t&nf t aoG ;
rajymif;atmif xdef;ay;wJh vector-
based animation awG xkwfay;r,fh
flash's unique design environment
jzpfwhJ timeline-based stage wkdYygyJ/
txl;jcm;qHk; feature awGuawmh de-
sign side eJY coding environment
ay:u fine-tuning ae&mwcsKUd rSm xnhf
oGif;ay;xm;w,f/
Interface update
Flash CS3 xJrSm jyefvnfqef;
opfxm;whJ interface awG yg&Sdvm
w,f / Illustrator, Photoshop eJ Y
InDesign awGxJu object align-
ment, color, swatches eJY scaling vkd
all accessible feature awG yg0ifvm
w,f/ Flash tools panel awG&UJ icons
zG J U pnf ; yH k e J Y keyboard shortcuts
awG[m CS3 rsdK;EG,f0ifawG jzpfwhJ
photoshop, Illustrator awGeJY cyf
qifqif wlw,f/
wjcm; interface improvements
awG u awmh set at layer in the
timeline udk mouse scroll wheel eJY
scan vkyfMunfhEkdifwmeJY tabbed pan-
104 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
els awGudk create vkyfEkdifpGrf;ygyJ/ zefwD;EdkifwhJ vkyfaqmifcsufcsif; vdkuf
Flash CS3 &JU wu,fh wDxGif zufnDayr,fh wpfckeJY wpfcktMum;
qef;opfrI topfuawmh Illustrator communication aumif;aumif; vkyf
CS3 eJY ae&m tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm o[ vkdY r&chJbl;/ Illustrator ay:u vec-
ZmwjzpfvdkY vkyfief;wGifus,fvmjcif; tor drawings awGudk flash xJ xnfh
ygyJ/ Macromedia eJY adobe wkdY tae oGif;,l&mrSm artwork awG&JU element
eJY ,SOfjydKifbufjzpfaepOf oD;jcm; xkwf tawmfrsm;rsm;[m aysmufqHk; ukefMu
vmchJwhJ Flash eJY Illustrator awG[m w,f/ tckawmh Illustrator eJY flash
pdwf0rf;uGJaewhJ nDtpfudkawGvkd jzpfae wkdY[m wpfckeJYwpfck em;vnfrI &oGm;
w,f/ csHKUcsJYEdkifwJh vector-based yHkawG MuygjyD/ Illustrator ay:u Pen tools
Fireworks CS3
Adobe [m
CS3 suite &J U
Web design
program wpf c k
jzpfwhJ Fireworks
ud k features
topftqef;awG
trsm;MuD;xnhfjyD;
xk w f v k y f c h J w m
aMumifh 'D fire-
works [m gra-
phic artist eJ Y
web developers awG twGuf txl; gle fireworks zdkifwpfcktwGif; zefwD;
tm;udk;avmufwhJ software wpfck vmEkdifatmif vkyfaqmifay;w,f/
jzpfvkdYaeygw,f/ tqifqifh xyfxm;EdkifwJh layer
Fireworks &JU pages panel [m rsm; yg0ifwmaMumifh fireworks, Illus-
pmrsufEmS trsm;tjym;udk wpfcsdew f nf; trator CS3 eJY Photoshop oHk;rsKd;Mum;
rSm a&;om;xm;Edik jf cif;? hyperlink rsm; ul;vl;qufqv H mEkid w
f ,f/ Slideshow
wnfaqmufEdkifjcif;? jyefYusJaeaom command [mvnf; xl;jcm; vkt d yfwJh
graphic zdkifrsm;pGmudk aygif;pyfjyD; sin- feature topfwpfck jzpfw,f/

udo k ;kH jyD; zefw;D xm;whJ rsOf;aMumif;awG
eJY wnf;jzwfxm;jyD;wJh rsOf;auG;awGudk
flash xJodkY wkduf½kduf copy and paste
vky, f v l Ydk &vmw,f/ 'grSr[kwf Flash
xJrSm Illustrator files wpfck zGifhvkdY&
vmw,f/ 'g[m animation work-
flow awG xda&mufpGm zefwD;a&;rSm
ta&;ygw,f/
Illustrator artwork awGukd flash
xJukd import vky&f mrSm layer, groups,
symbol, anchor-point placement,
gradients wdYk vdk zdi
k &f UJ ta&;MuD;wJh vkyf
aqmifcsuf tpdwftydkif;awGudk flash
uae rSwf,ljyD; jyefvnfazmfxkwfay;
EdkifpGrf;&SdwJhtwGuf illustrator rSm
zefwD;xm;wJh yHkwpfyHk&JU t&dyfuav;
Object wpf c k u d k t&G , f t pm;
ajymif;&mrSm yHkysufrI (distortion) jzpf
whJ jyóemudk 9-slice scaling 'grS
r[kwf intelligent scaling eJY ajz&Sif;
ay;xm;w,f/ Bitmap 'grSr[kwf
vector symbol awG&JU b,ftydkif;udk
scale vkyfr,f/ b,ftykdif;udk rlv
tajctaetwdkif; xm;&Sdr,fqkdwm cGJ
jcm;EkdifpGrf; &Sdvmw,f/
Fireworks CS3
tm;omcsuf - Layer rsm;udk tqifhqifh
cGJjcm;vkyfaqmifEdkifjyD; pGrf;&nfjynhf vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;ESihf photoshop effect rsm;udk
twlwzJG ufí tvkyv f yk Ef ikd pf rG ;f &Sv
d monf/
tm;enf;csuf - Photoshop rS xnfhoGif;
,laom zdkifrsm;twGuf ¤if;wdkYudk,fydkif
layer rsm; vufcHEdkifrI tm;enf;aeonf/
aps;EIe;f - $299; upgrade $149
Ü D - Adobe Systems
ukrP
(www.adobe.com)
awGutp &,lEdkifjyD;
pdwfMudKuf zGJYpnf;Edkif
rSm jzpfygw,f/ Il-
lustrator CS3 u
transparency set-
ting awGeYJwuG flash
CS3 xJrSm jyifqif
aygif ; pnf ; ay;xm;
w,f/ Symbols awG
[m vector graphics
objects awG jzpfwm
aMumifh spawn in-
stances vk y f , l v k d Y
&w,f/ Spawn in-
stances qkdwm rlvvu©PmawGudk
xdef;odrf;xm;whJ symbol tay: tajc
Image wpfckudk a&G;cs,fjyD; Fire-
works xJuae Copy ul;jyD; Dream-
weaver xJrSm paste vkyfí Web page
wpfcktay: ul;ajymif;ay;vkdY &vmap
w,f / t&if u xuf trsm;MuD ; yd k
aumif; ydkxda&mufvmw,f/ Com-
mon library uawmh symbol awGudk
zefwD;zdkYeJY pkaqmif;xm;zkdY jzpfw,f/
Button, graphics eJY animation sym-
bols pdwMf udKufypkH eH YJ zefw;D jyD; MudKuf&m
image wpfckxJ xnhfoGif;ay;vkdY &
w,f/
Fireworks CS3 rSm topfzefwD;
rItaeeJY Photoshop blend modes eJY
pdwMf udKufta&mifawGukd blend vkyaf y;
r,fh Color Palette yg&Sdvmw,f/
Photoshop Live Effects dialog box
yg&SdvmwhJ twGuf Photoshop rSm
zefwD;xm;wJh effects awGudk fire-
works xJrSm jyifqif jznfhpGufjcif;rsm;
vkyfvmEkdifw,f/ Extrude paths tool
uawmh ½dk;&Sif;wJh 3D object awG
zefwD;&mrSm helpful addition awG
Adobe CS3
jyKjyD; taumif;qHk; t&nftaoG;awG
xyf r H y G m ;,l w mud k qd k v d k y gw,f /
xnhfoGif;ay;Ekdifatmif vkyfaqmifay;
w,f/
Illustrator zdi k f 'grSr[kwf Photo-
shop zdkifawGudk fireworks CS3 xJ
xnfhoGif;jyD; zGifh,lwJhtcg pif;vHk;acsm
aumif;rGefjcif;awmh r&Sdygbl;/ Oyrm
fireworks u 16-bit RGB Photo-
shop zdik w
f pfcrk mS yg0ifwhJ layer tqifh
awGtwdik ;f xde;f odr;f ay;ydYk raeawmhbJ
layer wpfckwnf; aygif;jyD; bitmap
wpfcktjzpf ul;ajymif;ay;vkdufrSm jzpf
w,f/ Fireworks xJrSm importing eJY
opening rvkyfcif 8-bit RGB Photo-
shop yHktjzpf odrf;qnf;ay;zkdY vkdvdrfh
r,f/
aps;0,f tMuHay;csuf
Fireworks CS3 [m new Pages
panel &,f? wjcm; Adobe CS3 ap-
plication awGeJY improved integra-
tion vkyfxm;wm&,f? addition of in-
telligent scaling awG a0a0qmqm
ygwhJ tqifhjrifh software wpfckygyJ/
ar? 2008 105
REVIEW
Graphic objects ygwhJ screen wpfck
tjzpf vsifvsifjrefjref a&TUajymif;,ljyD;
MudKufESpfouf&m symbol awGudk a&G;
cs,fEkdifygw,f/ Illustrator type awG
udk flash qD xnfhoGif;,l&mrSm edit-
able text, vector outlines, bitmap
graphics 'grSr[kwf flash movie clip
tp&SdwhJ MudKufESpfouf&m symbols
wpfcktjzpf a&G;Ekdifw,f/
Illustrator eJY flash ESpfcktMum;
qufEG,fxm;yHk[m wpfvrf;oGm; (one
-way street) yHkpH jzpfaewmudk awGU&
r,f/ tck CS3 rSmawmh Adobe [m
Contribute CS3
Adobe Contribute CS3 [m
vuf&dS &Sad eqJ Web page awGukd wnf;
jzwfEkdifpGrf; &SdvmaprSm jzpfjyD; tem-
plates awGoHk;jyD; web pages topf
awGudk zefwD;vmEkdifaprSm jzpfw,f/
'gayr,fh bmrS rvky&f ao;whJ scratch
awGoHk;jyD;awmh site topfwpfckawmh
zefw;D Ekid rf mS awmh r[kwb
f ;l / Contrib-
ute [m user awG twGuf site code
awG access vkyfEkdifavmufatmifawmh
cGifhrjyKxm;bl;/ tJ'Dtpm; site rSmygwJh
taMumif;t&mawGudk jznfhpGufjcif;ESifh
jyKjyifjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifEkdifatmif
pGrf;aqmifay;w,f/ 'Dvkd vkyfaqmif&m
rSmvnf; trSwfrxif oGm;zsufvkduf
ovkdrsKd; rjzpfay:&atmif umuG,fay;
xm;w,f/
trSwfrxifMunhf&ifawmh Con-
tribute CS3 [m t&if version
ta[mif;jzpfwhJ contribute 4 udk rqkd
pavmuf version vkyfxm;w,fvkdY
xifp&m &Sdw,f/ wu,ftxifu&
106 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
Illustrator artwork awGudk Flash qD
ul;ajymif;&mrSm acsmarGUaom csOf;uyfrI
rsdK; jzpfEkdiforQjzpfatmif MudK;pm;xm;
w,f/ orm;½dk;us animation wpfck
twGuf vdktyfwJh rsOf;aMumif;rsm; a&;
qGrJ uI kd Illustrator xJrmS zefw;D jyD; pro-
gramming eJY animating udk flash
xJrmS qufvuf vkyaf qmifr,f/ Flash
artwork awGudk Illustrator buf ul;
ajymif;&mrSm tqifrajywmudk awGU&
w,f/ Flash xJu vector artwork
copied wpfckudk Illustrator xJ ul;
ajymif;,l&mrSm txpftaigh &Sdaewm
ajymif;vJraI wG[m
screen &JU aemuf
uG,f rSm &Sd ae
w,f/ pGrf;aqmif
&nf [mvnf ;
xif&Sm;odompGm
wk;d wufvmw,f/
Contribute [m
Universal jzpf
vmjyD/ 'gaMumifh
Intel Mass awG
ay:rSm ykdjyD; vsif
jref p G m run Ek d i f w ,f / Macs puf
awG t m;vH k ; tay: prf ; oyf c suf t &
Common tasks awG[m wHkYjyefrI tm;
aumif;wmudk awGU&w,f/ Contrib-
ute CS3 rSm Dreamweaver CS3 &JU
page-rendering engine yg&S d w m
aMumifh display CS3 on Web pages
vkyf&mrSm ydkjyD; jrefvmw,f/ wdusvm
jyD; ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif jzpfvmwmudk awGU&
w,f/
awG U &w,f / Illustrator-to-Flash
work-flow xJrSm toHk;cszdkY taumif;
qHk; pdwfMudKuftjzpfqHk;uawmh button
vkd symbol awGudk Illustrator xJrSm
create vkyjf yD; Flash movie clip tjzpf
save vkyfEkdifjcif; jzpfw,f/
Adobe [m Flash CS3 rSm slice
pGrf;&nf xnhfay;xm;jyD; Illustrator
CS3 eJY Fireworks CS3 awGrSm to de-
fine 9-slice scaling pG r f ; &nf a wG
xnhfoGif;ay;xm;w,f/ 9-slice-scal-
ing feature qkdwm button vkd object
wpfcktwGuf grid wpfcktkyfjyD; scale
Contributer [m oifh uGefysLwm
'grSr[kwf udk,fydkif 0ufbfqmAm ay:
u yHk&dyf? Flash animations eJY AD'D,dk
awGudk web page ay:udk aygif;xnfh
ay;EkdifpGrf; &Sdw,f/ Contribute CS3
ay:xGuv f mcsed rf mS awmh xyfw;kd r,fh el-
ements awG u d k tif w meuf a y:u
MudKufwaJh e&mu vkyv f mEkid w
f ,f/ rdred YJ
oufqidk w f Jh server ay:u upload vkyf
p&mrvkdbJ rdrd&JU ukd,fykdif page ay:rSm

csMunhfwmudk qkdvkdw,f/ a'gifvkduf
(vertically only)? tvsm;vku d f (hori-
zontally only) ? tvsm;vkdufeJY a'gif
vkduf (vertically and horizontally)?
e*dkaejrJ (not at all) qkdjyD; trsKd;rsKd;
scale vkyfMunhfvkdY &w,f/ Illustra-
tor 'grSr[kwf Fireworks xJrSm de-
fine vkyx f m;whJ 9-slice-scaling sym-
bol wpfckudk copy and paste vkyfjyD;
flash xJ ul;ajymif;,lvmEkdifw,f/
'DpGrf;aqmifcsuftopf[m workflow
awG zefwD;&mrSm tqifajy acsmarGUvm
apw,f/
item awG aygif;xnhfay;vmEkdifw,f/
Adobe Bridge CS3 eJY wGJzuf tvkyf
vkyfjyD; image eJY other media awGudk
rdrd page tay: drag and drop vkyf
ay;rSm jzpfw,f/ aemufxyf xl;jcm;whJ
feature wpfckuawmh pmrsufESmay:u
y½dk*&rfay:rSm snippets vkdY ac:whJ
ao;i,fjrefqefwhJ HTML uav;awG
vsifjrefpGm jznhfoGif;ay;Ekdifjcif;yJ/
Windows version rSmygwhJ fea-
tures wcsKd U [m Mac version rS m
rxnhfoGif;Ekdifbl; jzpfaew,f/ 'g
aMumif h firefox browser taeeJ Y
Microsoft Office document awGeJY
tvG,fulqHk; aygif;pyfvkyfudkifzdkYeJY
taumif;qHk; wnf;jzwfEdkifwJh toolbar
awG &,l toHk;csEkdifayr,fh Safari rSm
awmh 'Dvkd r&Ekdifbl; jzpfaew,f/
Contribute CS3 rS m blog
wnf;jzwfrI wcsKdUudk tqifajyapr,fh
rGrf;rHrI jyefvkyfay;xm;w,f/ Select
previous post for editing vkyfwmwkdY?
to delete posts vkyfwmwkdYudk ykdrdk
vG,fulpGm vkyfaqmifEdkifw,f/ Blog
editing [m tckqkd&if WYSIWYG
jzpfoGm;jyD/ What You See Is Waht
Flash CS3 Professional
tm;omcsuf - tqiftjyif 'DZdkif;oabmw&m;rsm; a&m,Sufxm;onfh design tool rsm;onf
photoshop ESifh Illustrator orm;rsm;udk taumif;qHk; axmufyHhay;Edkifonf/
tm;enf;csuf - Flash animation wpfckudk jyKvkyf&mwGifrl rsm;pGm avhvmoif,l&efESifh tawGY
tMuHK rsm;pGm &Sdae&ef vdktyfaeao;onf/
aps;EIe;f - $699; upgrade $199
ukrPÜ D - Adobe Systems (www.adobe.com)
Encoding Flash Video
Flash CS3 eJY packaged wGJzuf
ay;xm;whJ Flash video Encoder [m
developers awG t wG u f Apple's
You Get aygh/ armfeDwmay:rSm jrif
awGUwhJtwkdif; wu,f yHkxGufvmr,f
aygh/ program taeeJY oifa&;vkdufwhJ
blog template udk caches vkyaf y;xm;
rSmjzpfwhJtwGuf oifhtaeeJY off line
jzpfaecsdefrSmvnf; write entries vkyf
vkdY &ygw,f/
Contribute CS3 [m Contrib-
ute 3 eJY olYt&if version awGtay:
upgrade vkyfchJwmjzpfjyD; Intel Macs
toH;k jyKolawGtwGuf t"du OD;wnfyg
w,f/
Contribute CS3
tm;omcsuf - wnf;jzwfjyifqifrIrsm;
twGufyifjzpfap vdktyfaom vsifjrefrI
t&nftaoG;twGufjzpfap aumif;rGefvmcJh
\/
tm;enf;csuf - tcsdKUaom vkyfief;aqmif
wmrsm;onf yDpDrsm;twGufom oifhawmfjyD;
,cif version ESifh EIdif;,SOfvQif upgrade
aps;EIef; jrifhvGef;\/
aps;EIe;f - $149; upgrade $79
ukrPÜ D - Adobe Systems
(www.adobe.com)
Adobe CS3
Quick-Time format video udk FLV
(Flash Video) format tjzpf ul ;
ajymif;ay;Ekdifw,f/ Flash Video En-
coder rSm handy set of video edit-
ing tools built-in yg&Sw
d ,f/ 'gaMumifh
jzpfpOf ajymif;vJrI wpfcktwGif;rSmyJ
video ½kyfyHkawGudk jzwfawmufjcif;eJY
t&G,ftpm; ajymif;vJrI vkyfwmrsKd;
vkyfvkdY&w,f/ Digital video devel-
opers awG toHk;jyKaeus Apple's Fi-
nal Cut Pro oHk;jyD;awmhvnf; FLV
format tjzpf ul;ajymif;ay;Edkifw,f/
aps;0,f tMuHay;csuf
Flash CS3 professional rS m
'DZdkifemawGtwGuf xl;jcm;qef;opfwhJ
vkyfaqmifcsuftopfawG wpfyHkwpfyif
xnhfoGif;xm;ay;xm;w,f/ txl;
ojzifh Illustrator CS3 eJY wGJzuf
tvkyv f yk Ef idk jf cif;yJ/ Illustrator ay:rSm
zefwD;xm;whJ vector graphics awGudk
import (or paste) vkyfjyD; Flash qD
ul;ajymif;,lEidk jf cif;[m animation de-
sign avmurSm MuD;rm;whJ qifhuJ wkd;
wufrIMuD;wpfck jzpfw,f/ Illustrator
ay:u graphic symbols awGukd flash
qD import vkyf,lEdkifjcif;[m anima-
tion workflow vkyfaqmif&mrSm tajc
tjrpfuswhJ ajymif;vJrIwpf&yf jzpf
w,f/
pdkif;wifhxl;
Ref: MacWorld, August 2007.
ar? 2008 107
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
tckv twGufawmh pmoifom;awGeJY A[kokw &SmrSD;vdkolawGtwGuf &nf&G,fjyD;
pG,fpHkusrf; website awGudkom oD;oD;oefYoefY azmfjyvdkufygw,f/
http://uncyclopedia.org
google uae ukrÜPDudk tvkyf
vmavQmufwJh vlawGudk ar;cGef;awG
ar;ygw,f/ xif&Sm;wJh ar;cGef;u
]eydkvD,ef pD;cJhwJh jrif;jzLMuD;u bm
ta&mifvJwJh}/ tJ'DvdkrsKd; MuHMuHzefzef
uwfo;D uwfowfawGukd a&;om;azmfjy
xm;jyD; [mopG,fpHkusrf;wpfck wnf
aqmufxm;ygw,f/ Logo 'DZidk ;f ,lxm;
wJh yHkoP²mefudku WiKi &JU logo udk
tcsKd;zsufjyD; a&;qGx J m;wmjzpfwt hJ jyif
enf;ynm? vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&;eJY xif&mS ;
wJh vlyk*Kd¾ vfawGeJY tjzpftysuf rSeforQ
udk [motjrifeJY oa&mfawmfawmf
azmfjy wifqufaewmrdkY pG,fpHkusrf;
pmrsufESmawGrSm ]0DuD} jyD;&if vlMudKuf
trsm;qHk; pmrsufESmwpfck wpfrk[kwf
csif; jzpfwnfvmygw,f/ cifAsm;&JU
[moÓPfawGudk wpfurÇmvHk;udk jzefY
a0zdkYtwGuf tcrJha&;om; wnf;jzwf
EkdifcGifhvnf; &&SdygOD;r,f/
108 uGefysLwm*sme,f
WEBSITE INDEX
http://www.geekpedia.com tzdkY tusKd;aus;Zl; wpfpHkwpf&m jzpf
enf;ynmeJYywfouforQ ][if; xGef;r,fqdkwm aocsmvSygw,f/
av;tdk;MuD;vdkY} tqdk&Sdygw,f/ Geek
pedia [m olY&UJ pmrsuE f mS rSm wifjyxm;
wJh olYukd,fykdiftaMumif;t&mu enf;
yg;vSayr,fh oluae &SmazGcsdwfquf
xm;wJh uGefysLwmenf;ynm vkyfudkif
enf;awGuawmh tvGefaygrsm;jyD; xd
a&mufr&I ydS gw,f/ Tips and tricks awG
eJY how to guide line udk OD;wnfazmfjy
ay;aewmrdkY 0ifa&mufvnfywfwJh vl
http://www.iconspedia.com
Desktop twGufyJjzpfap? ukd,fh
web pmrsufESmudk tvSqifzdkYyJjzpfap
vdktyfwJh icon av;awGudk &&SdEkdifwJh
ae&mwpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/ Windows,
Apple, Linux platform tawmfrsm;rsm;
rSm oHk;pGJEkdifapr,fh icon awGudk server
uae wku d ½f ukd f download csjyD; &,lEidk f

ygw,f/ pwifwnfaxmifxm;cJhwJh
tcsdefrMumvSao;wJhtwGuf wnf&Sdae
wJh icon av;awGuawmh pHkvifrI tm;
enf;aeao;ygw,f/
http://www.softpedia.com
Freeware ud k &S m aeovm;/
Share ware udkyJ prf;oHk;Munfhcsifyg
ovm;/ urÇmtESYH rmS &Sad ewJh commer-
cial eJY noncommercial pwJh &Sd&SdorQ
aqmhzf0JrsKd;pHkudk server rSm odrf;qnf;
ay;xm;jyD; ]r&} qdkwm r&Sd&avatmif
0efaqmifraI y;aewJh ]aqmhz0f pJ ,G pf u
kH sr;f
MuD;} wpfck[m softpedia jzpfygw,f/
topfa&muf&SdvmwJh aqmhzf0JawGudk
vnf; subscribe vkyfjyD; ukd,fhtD;
ar;vfxu J kd tcsed rf eS f owif;wpfct k ae
eJY a&muf&SdaeapzdkY nTefMum;xm;Ekdifyg
w,f/
http://en.wikipedia.org
ausmif;om; vli,fawGupvdkY
ygarmu©csKyfawGtqHk;? r*¾Zif; t,f'D
wmawGupvdYk ½kyo f v
H iT v
hf yk if ef;&Siaf wG
txd txl;tm;udk;MuwJh ]*sifrDa0;vfpf}
&JU ]0DuyD 'D ,
D m;} uawmh txifu& rdwf
qufay;zdkY vdkr,frxifyg/ jynfhpHkukHvHk
wJh tcsuftvufawG? vHkavmufwJh
tud;k tum;awGeYJ 'Dbuf q,fpEk pS af wG
twGif;rSm xif&Sm;vmwJh online pG,fpHk
usrf;wpfcyk J jzpfygw,f/ bmompum;
tawmfrsm;rsm;eJY zwf½IvdkY&wJhtjyif
ukd,fukd,fwkdif aqmif;yg;awGudk yg0if
a&;om;cGifheJY wnf;jzwfEkdifcGifh ay;xm;
wJhtjyif ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; taumif;qHk;
jznfhpGufa&;om;EkdifwJh vludk qkcsD;jr§ifh
avh&Sdwm[m 0DuD&JU tpOftvmwpfck
ygyJ/
http://www.gadgetspedia.com
zkef;? em&D? [ef;qufpwJh acces-
sories rsm;eJY enf;ynmtoHk;jyKxm;wJh
wjcm;axGaxG&m&m gadget av;awGukd
pkaygif;jyD; azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh urÇmhtMuD;qHk; plasma wDAGD
toHudk ajymif;vJay;EkdifwJh w,fvDzkef;
electronic paper ? tdraf rG;wd&pämefi,f
uav;rsm;twGuf toHk;0ifwJh ypönf;
av;awGeYJ vli,fv&l , G af wGtwGuo f m
rubJ vlMuD;ykdif;t&G,fawGtxdyg
toHk;jyKEkdifwJh enf;ynm ypönf;i,f
av;rsm;wdkY&JU pG,fpHkusrf;wpfck jzpfyg
w,f/
http://www.artcyclopedia.com
tEkynm pG,pf u kH srf;MuD;wpfck jzpf
ygw,f/ tEkynm&Siaf ygif; 8700 ausmf
udk pkpnf;xm;ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
Aifq h ifAh ef*;kd qdjk yD; search box rSm &SmazG
vkdufwmeJY Aef*dk;&JUtw¬KyÜwdå? Aef*dk;&JU
yef;csDum;rsm;udk tpHktvif &&SdcHpm;
Ekid yf gw,f/ tEkynmowif;awGeYJ twl
te,fe,ft&yf&yfrSm &SdwJh Museum
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
awGudkyg link aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmeJY
csdwfqufazmfjyxm;ygw,f/
http://www.bigpedia.com
wcsKdUaom enf;ynm tEkynm
awG[m wdrfjrKyf aysmufuG,fvkeD;yg;
jzpfaeygw,f/ tck bigpedia [m tJ'D
wdrfjrKyfvk enf;ynmawGudk jyefvnf
&SmazGazmfxkwfEdkifzdkY ay;tyfxm;wJh
search engine wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'D
txJrSm &SmazGzdkYtwGuf t&ifqHk; ukd,f
uk,d wf idk u
f pmvH;k aygif;trSeu f kd odaezdYk
vdyk gr,f/ Oyrm "picasso" qdyk gawmh/
tJ'DemrnftrSefudk&&SdzdkY trick wpfck
taeeJY google rSm t&ifqHk; emrnf
&SmazGMunfhyg/ jyD;&if tck bigpedia
udk oHk;pGJjyD; &SmazGvkdufwJhtcgrSm Goo-
gle rSm &SmazG& cufcw J hJ pmrsuEf mS awGyg
&&Sdygvdrfhr,f/
http://www.heroespedia.com
cifAsm;&JU &ifxJu ol&Jaumif;[m
b,forl sm;ygvdr/hf tck site xJrmS ud&k ;D
,m;? tar&duef? w½kwpf wJh emrnfMuD;
TV Zmwf v rf ; wG J a wG t xJ u Zmwf
ar? 2008 109
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
aumifawG&JU "mwfyHkawGeJYtwl vIyf&Sm;
rI tEk y nmowif ; awG ? uk d , f a &;
tw¬KyÜwaåd wGuykd g zwf½EI idk yf gr,f/ ,ck
emrnfMuD;aewJh hayden,kristen wdkY&JU
toHzidk af wG? clip awGuykd g erlem &&SEd idk f
ygao;w,f/
http://www.thetechpedia.com
SEO enf;ynmowif;eJY oifcef;
pmawGtwGuf tm;udk;&wJh aemufxyf
pmrsufESmwpfck jzpfygw,f/ wpfqifh
csif; &Sif;vif;jyoxm;wJh oifcef;pm
awG? presentation twGuf power-
point eJY vkyfukdifenf;awG? graphic
wallpaper awG? aqmhzf0JeJY vHkjcHKa&;
owif;awG? window vista twGuf
short cut key awG tvGep fv
kH ifwhJ enf;
ynm vQKdU0SufcsufawGudk wifjyxm;wJh
blog tEG,f0if web pmrsufESmwpfck
jzpfygw,f/
http://www.literaturepedia.com
pmaypG,fpHkusrf;rSm "Arts, Busi-
110 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ness, Computers and Internet"
pojzifh acgif;pOfi,fav;awG cGJjcm;
ay;xm;ygw,f/ aqmif;yg;? owif;?
acgif;MuD;ykid ;f awGeYJ qkid &f mqkid &f m u@
awGrmS tvGeaf umif;wJh tcef;u@awG
yg0ifaewJh website awGqu D kd link nTef
jy ay;xm;ygw,f/
http://www.tutorialpedia.com
HTML,php, photoshop, flash,
3D studio Max tp&SdwJh subject awG
&JU oifcef;pmawGudk pkpnf;azmfjyay;
xm;ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh photoshop
eJY ywfoufjyD; odcsi?f wwfcsiv f okd al wG
twGuf txl; tm;ud;k Ekid w f hJ oifcef;pm
pG,pf ukH srf; website wpfck jzpfygw,f/
pwif wnfaxmifcJhwm odyfrMumvS
ao;wJ h t wG u f oif c ef ; pmawG [ m
tenf;i,f tm;enf;aeao;wm wpfck
&Sad yr,fh tm;ud;k avmufp&m oifcef;pm
awG yg&Sdwmudk awGY&ygw,f/
http://www.mobilepedia.com
GSM, CDMA q,fvv l m tp&Sd
orQ? Mobile zkef;rSeforQ&JU owif;
awGeJY flaw awGudk azmfjyay;xm;wJh
rkdbkdif;vf pG,fpHkusrf;wpfck jzpfygw,f/
http://www.skypedia.org
avhvmp&m rukefEkdifatmif ayg
rsm;jyD; pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;vSwJh
aumif;uifMuD;udk eu©wåaA'ynmeJY
odyeHÜ nf;usus avhvmvdo
k al wGtwGuf
toHk;0ifygw,f/
http://www.game-o-pedia.com
game orm;awGtwGuf wif&adS y;
xm;wJh pmrsufESmwpfck jzpfygw,f/
Mario &JU zefwD;&Sif Miyamoto &JU
owif;awGeJY wii, nitendo pwJh game
box awG & J U owif ; ? taumif ; qH k ;
game rsm;eJY *drf;cspfoltzGJY0ifawGeJY
a0a0qmqm &SdvSygw,f/
http://www.toonopedia.com
xGuf&SdaeqJ? xGufcJhjyD;orQ? xGuf
vm vwåHUaom umwGef;? aumrpf½kyfjy
aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmwdYk ukd ½kyyf ?kH pmom;
&JU link awGudk aygif;pyfjyD; csdwfquf
ay;xm;wJh ]umwGe;f pG,pf u kH srf;} pmrsuf
ESmwpfck jzpfygw,f/ Superman, su-
pergirl awGomrubJ &Sm;yg;umwGef;

vuf&mawGjzpfwhJ Titans (1964 xkw)f
awGuykd g &SmazG awGY&jdS yD; tvG,w
f uleYJ
erlemrsm; &,l&if; tvG,fwul 0,f,l
Ekdifatmif pDpOfay;xm;ygw,f/
http://www. ngopedia. net
tpdk;&r[kwfwJh tzGJYtpnf; rsKd;pHk
awGukd aygif;pkjyD; pG,pf u kH srf; pmrsufEmS
wpfcktaeeJY wif&Sday;xm;wm jzpfyg
w,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifhopfyifeJY obm0
ywf0ef;usifxed ;f odr;f a&;tzGYJ ? wd&pämef
rsm; n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufrI umuG,af &;tzGYJ/
pojzifh . . ./
http://www.freestuffpedia.com
tcrJh&&dSEkdifwJh image hosting,
javas script, graphic ½kyfyHk? aqmhzf0J?
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
AD'D,dk? "mwfyHk? erlem? oDcsif;*Dw pwm awG tygt0if Oa&my? tar&duwvTm;
awGudk azmfjyay;xm;jyD; oufqkdif&m rSm&SdwJh tvkyfaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmudk
pmrsuEf mS awGxu J kd a&muf&EdS idk af pzkYd link &SmazGay;Ekdifr,fh tvkyf&SmazGa&; web
csdwfqufay;xm;ygw,f/ page wpfck jzpfygw,f/
http://www.logospedia.com
Adobe photoshop &J U logo
topf owif;awG oifcef;pmawGeJY
twl ½dk;&Sif;vG,fulwJh vdk*dk'DZkdif;awGu
pvdkY tifrwef cufcJ ½IyfaxG;wJh logo
'DZkdif;awGtxd azmfjyay;xm;jyD; logo
awG&JU orkdif;aMumif;awGutp zwf½I
Ekdifygw,f/ http://www.gamespedia.info
PS3, Xbox, PS2, Nintendo, wii
pwJh trsKd;tpm; rwlnD uGJjym;wJh plat-
form rsKd;pHktwGuf game owif;awGeJY
game xGufukef? game eJY qufpyf
ypönf;awGudk &SmazGvdkY&&SdEkdifwJh *drf;
pG,fpHkusrf;MuD;wpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/
http://www.webopedia.com
wnfaqmufcw hJ m Mumjrifch jhJ yD jzpf
wJh internet. com &JU tykdif webo pe-
dia [m tcktcsdeftxd &Sif;&Sif;vif;
vif ; rwnf a qmuf E k d i f a o;ayr,f h
web eJY online ay:rSm &S& dodS rQ pum;vH;k
http://www.seopedia.org awG&JU t"dyÜm,feJY qdkvdk&if;udk Zmpfjrpf
Google search engine vdkrsKd; eJYwuG od&SdEkdifzdkYawmh toHk;0ifvSyg
engine awG&UJ &v'frmS xdyqf ;kH ae&modYk w,f/
ukd,fh webpage a&muf&Sdatmif devel-
oper awG[m tjydKiftqkdif MudK;pm;
&avh &Syd gw,f/ tck site uawmh blog-
ger awGtwGujf zpfap? website devel-
oper awG twGujf zpfap? wjcm; uGey f sL
wm enf;ynmudk avhvmaewJh vlawG
twGufjzpfap toHk;0ifygw,f/
http://www.jobopedia.org
MopaMw;vs? e,l;ZDvef? uae'g
pwJEh idk if aH wGeYJ US &JU volunteer tvkyf
ar? 2008 111
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
http://www.riapedia.com
avxJu vGifhysHvmwJh 'air' ukd ria
vdkY ajymif;jyef,ljyD; enf;ynm pG,fpHk
usrf;wpfckudk blog pwkdifeJY wifjyxm;
wm jzpfygw,f/ programming eJY ET,f
wJh ynm&Siaf wG wnfaqmufwhJ pmrsuf
ESm yDopGm Ajax eJY flex udk tajcjyKjyD;
enf;ynm ukrÜPDrsm;&JU toHvdIif;awG
udk yHkrSef wifquf xkwfvTifhay;aeyg
w,f/
http:/www.occultopedia.com
*E¨m&D? *rDÇ&eJY vQKdU0Suf qef;Mu,f
wJh twwfynmrsm;eJY xHkrTrf;xm;wJh
]*rD&Ç pG,pf ukH srf;MuD;} wpfcjk zpfygw,f/
y&avmu? 0dnmOfavmuwdkYeJY tquf
toG,rf sm;? xif&mS ;ausmMf um;wJh jzpf&yf
rsm;? taqmifvufzGJY? *gxmrEÅmefpwJh
tHhrcef; vQKdU0Suf qef;Mu,fzG,f&m
rSeforQudk tu©&m0vdpOftwkdif; A to
Z r>cif;rcsef avhvm&SmazGEi dk w
f t
hJ wGuf
112 uGefysLwm*sme,f
0goem&SifawGtzkdY tMudKufawGYMuyg
vdrfhr,f/
http://www.archpedia.com
Adokum twwfynmeJY ywfouf
wJ h vk y f e nf ; ud k i f e nf ; awG ? pmtk y f
pmwrf;awGeJY tudk;tum; taxmuf
tyH h a wG ? erl e m Ad o k u mvuf & m
taqmuf t tH k a wG e J Y twl Ad o k u m
pG,pf ukH srf;MuD;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ cufcJ azmfjyay;xm;wJh web pmrsufESmwpfck
eufeo J avmuf pdw0f ifpm;p&m aumif; jzpfygw,f/ Graphics ,scripts ,tech
vGef;vSwJh AdokumtwwfynmawGudk pwJh acgif;pOfawGyg0ifjyD; wjcm; blog
emrnfausmf vuf&m"mwfyHkawGeJY twl awGukd wpfcck sif; vku d Mf unfah ep&mrvdk
yl;wGJcHpm;Ekdifygw,f/ bJ 'D web page uae tukefvHk;udk
jcHKiHk&&SdEkdifatmif azmfjyay;jcif; jzpfyg
w,f/ wnfaqmufcgp umvjzpfwJh
twGuf yHkrSef update owif;awGudk
om &&SdjyD; tpHktvifeJY <u,f0jynfhpHk
vmzdkYawmh tcsdefay;&ygOD;r,f/
http://www.petpedia.com
tdrfarG;wd&pämefi,f uav;rsm;eJY
ywfoufwJh pG,fpHkusrf;wpfck jzpfyg
w,f/ Cats, dots, parrots pwJh cat-
http://www.poemspedia.com
egories rsKd;pHkyg0ifjyD; olwdkYav;awG
uAsmh pG,fpHkusrf;wpfck jzpfyg
twGuf vdktyfwJh tpm;tpmeJY 0ef
w,f/ oli,fcsif;awGeJY ywfoufwJh
aqmifrIawG? tjyKtrltusifhp½dkuf?
uAsm? tarrsm;aeYuAsm? tazrsm;aeY
olwYkd eYJ ywfoufwhJ club tzGYJ awG? gal-
uAsm? EIwfcGef;qufovTm? aysmf&Tif
leries awGeJY magazine awGudkutp
zG,f&m uAsmtwdktpuav;rsm;tjyif
&SmazGpkaqmif;ay;xm;wJh vrf;nTef di-
owd oHa0*&zG,f uAsmi,fuav;awG
rectory wpfck jzpfygw,f/ pdwf0ifpm;
u tp &&SdEkdifygw,f/ wu,fvkdY
zG,f aumif;vSjyD; &Sm&SmazGazG wifjyxm;
member tjzpf 0ifa&mufvdkufr,fqdk
wJh pmrsufESmwpfckygyJ/
&if uk,
d rhf mS &Sw
d hJ uAsmawGuykd g jyefvnf
a0rQjyD; tzGJY0if tcsif;csif; tjrif
zvS,fEkdifrSm jzpfygw,f/
http://www.bloggerspedia.com
tifwmeufay:rSm &Sd&SdorQ blog
awG&JU update owif;awGudk pkpnf;jyD;

http://www.wooopedia.com
pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,f&m tjzpftysuf?
owif;? "mwfyakH wGeYJ xl;jcm;jzpfpOfawG
udk azmfjyjyD; excite pG,fpHkusrf;wpfck
jzpfvmatmif pDpOfae[ef&SdwJh 'DpG,fpHk
usrf;[m pHkvifrIawmh enf;yg;ao;wm
udk awGY&ygw,f/ tckcsdefrSm pwif
wnfaxmifqJumvjzpfayr,fh pdwf0if
pm;zG,&f mav;awGukd txdu k t
f avsmuf
pkaqmif;vmaecJhjyD jzpfygw,f/
http://www.lyricpedia.com
*DwtEkynmudk pdwf0ifpm;MuwJh
vli,fawGtwGuf ]pmom;} awGudk oD;
oefY azmfjyay;r,fh pG,pf u kH sr;f wpfck jzpf
ygw,f/ A to Z tu©&mpOftvku
ynm&SifawGudk azmfjyay;xm;jyD; tEk
ynm&Siw f pfO;D csi;f pDtvku
d f oloq
('grSr[kwf) a&;pyfcJhwJh pmom;awGudk
&SmazGEidk yf gr,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 'U2' qdjk yD;
&SmazGvkdufwJhtcgrSm U2 &JU Rock &
Roll b0rSwfwrf;taMumif;udk azmfjy
ay;jyD; olY&JU 1980 uae pwifjyD;
,aeYtcsdefxd Album awGudk wef;pD
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
http://www.ovpedia.com
'ov' qdkwm online video udk &nf
nTe;f ygw,f/ tifwmeufay:u AD',
wDAGD web pmrsufEmS awGeYJ taumif;qH;k
aom azsmaf jza&; links awGukd aygif;pyf
csw
d qf ufjyD; AD',D pkd mrsuEf mS pG,pf u
kH sr;f
wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
acgif;pOfi,f 'Animation' udk click ESyd f
vkdufwJh tcgrSm 'pöae; 'anime start,
anime online' pwJh web awG jyay;jyD;
uk,d thf wGuf taumif;qH;k channel udk
jyefvnfa&G;cs,fvdkY &apEkdifwJhtjyif
Most popular ud k Click ES d y f j yD ;
taumif;qHk; AD'D,dk Click awG&SdaewJh
page udk a&G;cs,fEkdifygr,f/
d f tEk
D ckd w
hJ hJ
http://www.technopedia.info
enf;ynm pG,fpHkusrf; wpfckygyJ/
jynfhpHkomvGefvGef;vSwJh acgif;pOfi,f
av;awGaMumifh wjcm; blog awGudk
Munfh½Icsifpdwf &Sdawmhr,fvdkYawmif
rxif&ygbl;/ omref blog pwkdifeJYom
wnfaqmufxm;ayr,fh xl;jcm;wJh
aqmif;yg; (article) awGjzpfwJh vloHk;
trsm;qHk; password q,frsKd;? vlod
rsm;wJh trSwfwHqdyf q,frsKd;? google
&JU church, google &JU unipowerful
0ufbq
f u
dk t
f nTe;f
D ^kd
pojzifh &SmazGazmfjyay;xm;jyD; pdwf
0ifpm;zG,&f m wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
http://www.camerapedia.org
uifr&meJY uifr&mtEG,0f if quf
pyfypön;f awGtaMumif;udk woD;woefY
azmfjyay;xm;wJh uifr&m pG,fpHkusrf;
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 0kdif;0ef;ulnD yHhydk;
&if; yg0ifxm;MuwJh ukrÜPDawG[m
Cannon, Sony wd k Y v d k 'd w f ' d w f M uJ
ukrÜPDMuD;awGyg0ifjyD; uifr&meJY ywf
ouforQ xkwfukefowif;awGudk wpf
ae&mwnf;uae &&SEd idk af tmif pDpOfxm;
ygw,f/ Articles awG taeeJY lenses
taMumif;eJY uifr&ma0g[m&awGudk
vnf; tbd"mefoabmrsKd; azmfjyay;
xm;jyD; uifr&m trsKd;tpm;aygif;
ajrmufjrm;pGm&JU specification av;
awGudk zwf½IEkdifygw,f/
http://www.pediaknowledge.com
pmrsufESmaygif; 2000 ausmfeJY
acgif;pOfaygif; 20 ausmf yg0ifxm;wJh
pedia knowledge uawmh pG,fpHkusrf;
oabmrsKd ; qd k w mxuf tES p f c sKyf
owif;aumif;av;awGudk pkpnf; wif
quf a y;xm;ygw,f / tcef ; u@
wpfcck sif;tvkud f wu,f tusKd;jyKr,fh
tzdk;wef aqmif;yg;owif;awGudkom
azmfjyay;xm;jyD; user udk wpfpHkwpf&m
toHk;0ifapzdkYeJY A[kokw jynfhpHkapzkdY
blog pwkdifeJY wifqufxm;wmyg/
ar? 2008 113
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
7. Photo
"mwfyakH umif;wpfy&kH &Szd Ykd enf;vrf;rsm;
'DZdkif; tEkynm? "mwfyHkzefwD;rI?
wnf;jzwf aqmhzf0Jrsm;&JU aqmif&ef?
a&Smif&ef vQKdU0SufcsufawG tJ'gawGeJY
ywfoufjyD; website vdyfpmaumif;
uav;rsm; &&Sw d hJ tcgwdik ;f bookmark
vkyfyg/ 'bookmark' rSmvJ 'design'
qdkjyD; folder wpfckay;jyD; oD;oefY
wnfaqmufxm;yg/ windows &JU pro-
gram file atmufrSm browser folder
rsm; &Sdygw,f/ wu,fvdkY bookmark
rsm; aysmufq;kH oGm;cJ&h if tJ'aD e&muae
wpfqihfjyefjyD; &SmazGyg/
- t&mtm;vH;k udk rwlnw D hJ ½Iaxmihf
uae Munfh½Iyg/ uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh
tjrif w pf c k e J Y ]igomqd k & if
'D"mwfyu kH kd b,fv½kd ukd rf mS vJ}qdw
k hJ
'angle' udk pdwful;eJY a&G;cs,fwJh
tusifh arG;jrLyg/
- teD;uyfqHk;aeyg/ 'g[m wpfcg
wavrSm yHk&dyfaumif;awG &&SdzdkY
114 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vufoihfrcHwJh trSm;t,Gif;awG
&SdvmEdkifygw,f/ raMumufygeJY
tydkqm'g;awGudk z,fxkwfypfEdkif
ygw,f/ ta&;MuD;wmu vdkcsif
wmawGudk oJoJuGJuGJeJY jywfom;
zdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'grSvJ jrifuGif;
wpfckvHk;&JU qHkcsufudk a&G;cs,fEdkif
rSm jzpfygw,f/
- jiD;aiGUp&maumif;wJh "mwfyHkawG
[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh ]yHk&dyf}udk
tv,fA[dkwnfhwnfhuae ½dkuf
ul;cJhMuvdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m
*½kpdkufoihfygw,f/ t"du 'Sub-
ject' udk 0dik ;f jyD; axmufyahH y;&r,fh
pdwf0ifpm;p&m qHkrSwfawG &Sd&yg
r,f/ ('g[m yef;csDtjyif? ½kyf&Sif
½dkufuGif;awGrSm awGU&wwfyg
w,f/ ]vGifwD;acgifuEÅm&}udk
jyo&r,fhtpm; tJ'D ]vGifwD;
acgif}&JU Avm[if;vif;jzpfaerIudk
tyd k i f ; -2
ydkrdk ay:vGifatmif ñTef;qdkayr,fh
'kwd,? wwd, subject uav;
awG &Sd&r,fvdkY qdkwmyg/)
- wu,fvYkd outdoor ½du k &f jyDq&kd if
vlyjJ zpfjzpf? t&m0w¬KyJjzpfjzpf tJ'D
'subject' &JU t"dutydkif;udk t&if
qHk; &SmazGyg/ tJ'Dtydkif;ay:udk
t&dyfxdk;usaew,fqdk&if tJ'D
t&dyu f w
kd wfEikd o f rQ oefY&iS ;f ay;zdYk
vdyk gr,f/ qdv k w kd m uifr&mrSm yg
0ifwJh function awGudk oHk;pGJjyD;
awmhjzpfap? ywf0ef;usif&JU tae
txm;udkjzpfap udk,f½dkuful;r,fh
yHk&dyfay:udk t&dyfrnf;MuD; xdk;us
raeapbJ wwfEdkiforQ ay:vGif
atmif xm;&Sd&ygr,f/
- taumif;qHk; "mwfyHkrsm;udk pk
aqmif ; yg/ "mwf y H k a umif ; rsm;
pkrdavav? tawGUtMuHK topf
awG wdk;yGm;vmavav jzpfyg
w,f/
- tjzL? trnf; ½dkufyg/ yHk&dyfrSm
yg0ifwJh ta&mifawGudk z,fxkwf
vdu k jf cif;tm;jzif?h (wpfenf;) tm;
rud;k jcif;tm;jzifh yH&k yd &f UJ zJUG pnf;rIeYJ
yHkpHudk pepfusus pOf;pm; awG;

ac:wwfvmygvdrhfr,f/
- oGm;av&m uifr&m,loGm;yg/
b,ftcsdefrSm taumif;qHk; jrif
uGif;wpfck ay:xGufvmEdkifovJ
qdkwm b,folrQ rodyg/
- ]trmpm;} zGUJ pnf;rIukd avhvm ½du k f
ul;Munfhyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh eH&H?
pm;yG?J awmifyYkd ? 'gawG[m wu,fh
½dkuful;&jyDqdkwJh tcsdefawGrSm
taumif;qHk; avhusihfbufawG
jzpfvmEdkifjyD; &&meJY taumif;qHk;
zefwD;EdkifwJhtusihfudk &&Sdapyg
w,f/
- "mwfwdkif? opfyif? eH&H pwJh yHk
oP²mefawG&JU rmausmrIawGudk
avh u sih f z ef r sm;vmwJ h t cgrS m
twGif;om; zGJUpnf;yHkudk em;vnf
oabmaygufoGm;rSm jzpfovdk
aysmif;EGJUwJh t&mawGeJY b,fvdk
qufpyf&rvJqdkwmudk od&SdoGm;
ygr,f/
- ]jyKjyif r xm;wJ h "mwf y H k } [m
taumif ; qH k ; yg/ Munf h v d k U
taumif;qH;k eJY qGaJ qmifrI t&Sq d ;kH
[m ]obm0uswJh "mwfyHk} awGyJ
jzpfygw,f/
- udk,fh½dkufcsufwpfck[m yg0ifae
r,fh aemufc&H UJ zGUJ pnf;yHek YJ ta&mif
awGukd *½kpu kd yf g/ ud,
k af zmfjycsiwf hJ
yifr ud, k x f nfukd Munf½h o I l tm½Hk
ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifwJh t&mrSef
orQudk owd&Sd&Sd *½kpdkufyg/
- uif r &mwpf v H k ; 0,f a wmh r nf
qdkygpdkY/ tJ'Duifr&mrSm rSefbDvl;
uvnf; wpfckyJ yg0ifrnfqdkygpdkY?
tJ'D taetxm;rSm pHxm;&r,fh
rSebf v D ;l [m '50 mm' jzpfygw,f/
(50 mm qdkwm[m renf;rrsm;
EIef;xm;eJY rSefbDvl;&JU focus jzpf
EdkifrI qHkcsuftwdkif;twm jzpfyg
w,f/)
- a&GUvsm;aewJh yHk&dyf? 'grSr[kwf
ajy;vTm;aewJh yHk&dyfudk obm0
usus zefwD;&r,fh ½dkufcsufrsKd;rSm
tJ'D 'subject' &JU a&GUvsm;EIef;eJY
udk,fh&JU a&GUvsm;EIef; wlnD&yg
r,f/ Oyrm xa&mfvDwpfckay:u
aejyD; 'subject' udk ½du k uf ;l wJt h cg
rSm ]xa&mfvD}&JU speed eJY sub-
ject &JU speed [m tcsKd;us&
ygr,f/ 'grSom rvdkvm;tyfwJh
taESmiht f ,Suaf wGukd z,fxw k jf yD;
om; jzpfaeEdkifrSmyg/
- txl ; jyKvk y f c suf a wG u d k v nf ;
xnfhoGif; oHk;pGJoihfygw,f/ rsm;
aomtm;jzifh tckaemufydkif; dig-
ital camera awGrSm trsKd;rsKd;aom
txl;jyKvkyfcsufawGudk aygif;pyf
xnfhoGif;xm;cJhygjyD/ Oyrmtm;
jzifh ta&mifawG&JU pGrf;&nfudk
ydkrdkjr§ihfwifjcif;? 'tone' awGudk ydkrdk
ay:vGifapatmif jyKvkyfjcif;eJY cJG
jcm;jcif; pwJh t"duuswJh txl;
jyKvyk cf suaf wGaygif;pyfo;kH pGMJ unfyh g/
- "mwfyHkeJY ywfoufjyD; vlawGudk
ar;jref;zdkY wkHYaES;aES; jzpfraeygeJY/
vlwdkif;rSm udk,fydkiftjrifeJY t,l
tq udk,fpD &SdMuw,f/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
- tvif;tarSmifeYJ ywfoufjyD; tjrJ
owd&Sdyg/ yHkaumif; wpfyHkeJY tnHh
pm;yHkwpfyHkwdkY&JU ta&;MuD;qHk; uGJ
jym;jcm;em;rI[m tvif;tarSmif
yg/
- vlolxlxyfwJh ae&mawGrSmawmh
uifr&m acsmif;MunfhaygufxJudk
r0ifcif udk,fh&JU rsufvHk;wpfzuf
udk rSdwfudkrSdwf&r,fvdkY owdcsyf&
ygr,f / vl p k v l a 0;qd k w m[m
ud, k ½f u
kd cf siw
f yhJ &kH yd u
f kd ydrk kd touf
0ifapzdkY wpfcgwpf&H vdktyfjyD;
wpfcgwpf&HrSmawmh rvdkvm;tyf
wJh taESmihft,Sufrsm;udk udk,fh
yHk&dyfrSm zdwfac:ovdkjzpfaewwf
ygw,f/
- Online ay:u "mwfyHk? website
aumif;av;awGudk oGm;Munfhyg/
http://www.flicker.com, http://
www.photo-sig.com, http://
www.photonet.com.
- Forums awGay:rSmvnf; tawGU
tMuHK&mS yg/ tJ'aD e&mawGrmS odcsif
wJh ar;cGef;awG ar;jref;Edkifovdk
tqHk;tprJh avhvmoif,lEdkifyg
w,f/
- "mwfyw kH pfy?kH 'grSr[kwf ½duk u f ;l rI
wpfck vkyjf yD;wdik ;f rSm ud,
k u
hf ,kd u f kd
a0zefqef;ppfzdkY vdkygw,f/ qefY
usifbuftjrifeYJ Munfjh yD; a0zefrI
uae ydkrdk wdk;wufvmEdkifygw,f/
- zvif a wG & J U uG J j ym;jcm;em;wJ h
oabmw&m;udk avhvmyg/ ud, k hf
½dkufcsufudk zvifwpfrsKd;eJY rul;
aq;bJ rIef0g;0g;jzpfaewJh zvif?
zvif½dkif;rsm;eJY ul;aq;Munfhyg/
tJ'D rwlnDwJh zviftrsKd;rsKd; oHk;
pGJjyD; 'shutter' wHcg;&JU oGm;EIef;udk
tedrhftjrihf upm;Munfhyg/
- tcef;i,fwpfcktwGif;rSm (in-
door) ½dkuf&jyDqdk&if uifr&m&JU
ar? 2008 115
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
flash rD;yGihf[m eH&Hudk xdjyD; jyef
vnf uefxGufvmwwfygw,f/
tJ'D tusKd;qufaMumifh yHk&dyf[m
ajymif;vJrI wpfpHkwpf&m &Sdovm;
qdkonfudk avhvmyg/
- jyD;jynfph w kH hJ "mwfyqkH &mqdo k nfrmS
ud k , f h & J U uif r &mtaMumif ; ud k
aocsmpGm od&Sdxm;jyD; udk,fudk,f
wdkif "mwfyHkul;aq;wJhtvkyfudk
vkyu f ikd Ef ikd w
f hJ vlawGukd ac:qdjk cif;
jzpfygw,f/ tJ'v D kd ud,
k &hf UJ "mwfykH
awGudk wnf;jzwf aq;aMumzdkY
b,fawmhrS rysif;&dygeJY/
- ouf&Sd½kyfyHkvTmwdkif;&JU ta&;MuD;
qHk; tpdwftydkif;[m ]rsufvHk;}
jzpfygw,f/ uifr&mrD; tvif;
a&mif&JU wHkYjyefrI tay: rlwnfjyD;
tJ ' D 'Model' &J U rsuf v H k ; [m
ta&mifawmufyrIeJY arS;rSdefrI uGJ
jym;Edkifygw,f/ 'Model' rsufvHk;
tm;aumif;wJhtcg? tm½Hkpl;pdkufrI
&SdwJhtcgrSom "mwfyHkrSm touf
0ifrI jzpfay:vmEdkifrSmyg/
- tqifajywdkif; "mwfyHk½dkufaeyg/
'g[m El;nHhwJh pdefac:rIwpfck jzpf
vmEdkifygw,f/
- erlemyHkpHawGudk owdMuD;MuD;eJY
*½kpdkufyg/
- tpuf t ajymuf 'D Z d k i f ; awG ?
tajymuftrGr;f yHo k P²mefav;awG
116 uGefysLwm*sme,f
udk tjrJ owdxm;jyD; erlem,lyg/
- ]ae}&JU tvif;a&mifeJY udk,fh 'sub-
ject' &JU qufoG,frIudk od&Sdatmif
MudK;pm;yg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ]ae}
a&mifxJrSm udk,fh subject &Sdr,f
qdk&if olYrSm t&dyfxGufaeygvdrhf
r,f/ 'gaMumihf udk,fu aeudk
ausmcdkif;jyD; 'subject' udkawmh
aeudk rsufESmrlí ½dkufcsuf,l&yg
r,f/ tJ'DvdkrsKd; aexGufp? rGef;
wnfhae? rGef;vGJcsdef pwJh tcgawG
rSm &SdwwfwJh t&dyfxdk;xGufrI
oabmw&m;udk aMunufatmif
avhvmxm;&ygr,f/
- b0wl "mwfyHkq&mawGqDuae
a0zefcsufawmif;yg/ olwYkd &UJ rSwf
csuaf wG[m ESrd chf s ajymqdw k mawGyJ
jzpfaeygap/ tenf;qHk;tqihfrSm
awmh tJ'g[m tawGUtMuHKudk
vufqifhurf;jcif; wpfrsKd;ygyJ/
- uifr&mudk vufESpfzufeJY aocsm
pGm udik w f ,G yf g/ tJ'g[m uifr&m
csKd U ,G i f ; csuf r jzpf a pzd k Y t wG u f
ta&;ygygw,f/
- csufcsif; vQyfwpfjyuf½dkufyg/
aemuf ('kwd,½dkufcsuf) rSom
uifr&m&JU setting udk csdefn§dyg/
rsm;aomtm;jzif h wef z d k ; &S d w J h
ordik ;f 0if "mwfyakH wGukd vufvw G f
qH k ; ½I H ; &wm[m "mwf y H k x uf
uifr&mqufwifudk (rjyD;Edkif?
rpD;Edkif) csdefn§daewmaMumifhyJ
jzpfygw,f/
- tvG,fwuleJY jrefjrefqefqef
csdefn§dEdkifwJh setting ygwJh uif
r&mawGudk &Smyg/ buttons awG
rsm;wm[m uifr&m aumif;wpfck
jzpfEdkifayr,fh vQyfwpfjyuf ½dkuf
csufawGudkawmh qHk;½IH;&ygvdrhf
r,f/
- ukd,fhuifr&m&JU twGif;? tjyifrSm
yg0ifwhJ key awG&UJ tvkyv f yk yf u kH kd
avhvm oif,lyg/
- jzpfEdkif&if cE¨mudk,f&Sd uifr&mudk
xm;aomae&m (Oyrm-abmif;bD
tdwfrSpí) uae ½kwfjcnf;&vm
wJh jrifuGif;wpfckudk MuHK&musyef;
½dkuf,lEdkifwJh tajctaersKd; &Sdae
ygap/ tvG,fwul xkwf,ljyD;
csufcsif; ½dkuful;EdkifwJh ae&m[m
taumif;qHk;ygyJ/
- ud, k &hf UJ ywf0ef;usiftwGi;f rSm&Sw d hJ
"mwfyHk toif;tzGJUawGudk quf
oG,fyg/
- ajymifwvif; tcef;vGwfwpfckudk
touf0ifatmif b,fvdk zefwD;
rvJqdkwmudk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/
- ud k , f h " mwf y H k y nmud k txd k u f
tavsmuf wd;k wufapr,fh ud, k &hf UJ
models rsm;udk rdwfaqGzGJUxm;yg/
- tjzLeJY trnf; zGJUpnf;rIawGom
yg0ifwhJ "mwfyakH wGukd taotcsm
avh v myg/ "mwf y H k & J U jzpf a y:
wd k ; wuf r I r S m tjzLeJ Y trnf ;
ta&mifESpfck[m tvGef tajccH
usjyD; ta&miftm;vH;k &JU ta&;MuD;
qHk; ta&mifrsm;udk qdkEdkifygw,f/
- wu,fvdkY tjzLtrnf;yHkawGudk
½d k u f u l ; Munf h w J h t cgrS m yd k j yD ;
awmufywJhtydkif;udk tvif;a&mif
xdomG ;cJ&h if 'grSr[kwf arSmifrnf;

wJhtydkif;udk tvif;xdapcJh&if tJ'D
ESpcf &k UJ tusKd;oufa&mufru I bm
vJ/ tvif;tarSmif cdkwJhae&mawG
u bmvJ/ avhvmyg/
- ud, k yf ikd f uifr&m&JU wnfaqmufykH
tñT e f ; pmtk y f u d k taotcsm
zwf½Iyg/
- "mwfyHkr*¾Zif;? tEkynm *sme,f
pwJh ywfoufraI wGrmS tzGUJ 0ifxm;
yg/
- wu,fvYkd vScsif? ycsiw f hJ Model
[m rdwfuyfawG? EIwfcrf;eDawGudk
jrifraumif;atmif vdrf;usHvm
cJhr,fqdk&if csucf si;f zsucf ikd ;f yg/
ta&;MuD;wmu olY&JU tvSty
r[kwfbJ tqifajyajy zGJUpnf;
rIudk ½dkuful;wifjy&r,fh udk,fh
tEkynm qdkwmudk em;vnfxm;
yg/
- tvif;a&mifeJY a&mifjyef[yfap
r,fh t0wftpm;eJY tqiftjyif
awGukd oH;k pGw J thJ cg "mwfyakH umif;
awG xGufrvm wwfbl;qdkwmudk
Model udk em;vnfatmif ajymjy
yg/ olwdkY&JU tcuftcJawGudk
tm;wufoa&m ulnDjcif;tm;jzihf
udk,fh"mwfyHk[mvnf; tvGef pdwf
csrf;omapwJh t&nftaoG; &vm
Edkifygw,f/
- "mwfyHkjydKifyGJawGudk 0ifjydKifyg/ 'g
[m vlopfwef;awG tzdkY MuD;rm;
wJh vIHYaqmfrIawGygyJ/
- "mwfyHkwpfck nHhzsif;oGm;wJhtcg
udkifwG,f toHk;jyK&wJh ypönf;
awG t ay:ud k tjypf y H k r csygeJ Y /
toHk;jyKjyD;&if azsmufzsufypfzdkY
vG,fulwJh uifr&mi,fav;awG
awmifrS tvG,n f Kd Uiiftm;aumif;
wJh "mwfyHkawGudk zefwD;EdkifpGrf;
&Sdw,f qdkwmudk rarhygeJY/
- bufx&Dtydkudk uifr&mtwGuf
tjrJaqmifxm;yg/ uifr&mudk ,l
oGm;ovdk bufx&DtydkudkvJ tjrJ
,loGm;yg/ tcGihfta&;aumif;awG
udk vufvTwf tqHk;½IH;rcHcsif&if
uifr&mtwGuf vdktyfwJh ypönf;
wpfppkH mudk t&efypön;f tjzpf tjrJ
&Sdaeap&ygr,f/
- zvif tydkawGudkvJ tjrJaqmif
xm;yg/ (wu,fvdkY uifr&m[m
SDcard eJY toHk;jyKjyD; ½dkuful;vdkY
&w,fqdk&if SDcard tydkawG
tjrJaqmifxm;yg/)
- "mwf y H k w pf y H k & J U tjzL^trnf ;
ta&mifeYJ b,fvrkd sKd;Munfah umif;
atmif ½dkuful;rvJqdkwJh pdwful;
pdwfoef;awGudk tjrJ arG;jrLyg/
- yHk&dyfwpfckudk zGJUpnf;rI tpdwf
tydkif;awGudk oabmaygufyg/
b,fae&mudk tvif;a&mif xdap
csif w mvJ / t&d y f t wG i f ; xJ u d k
vm;? tvif;jzmaewJh tpdwt f ydik ;f
awGudkvm; wduspGm qHk;jzwfyg/
- uifr&mtdwx f rJ mS yHak tmxm;&wJh
&if;ESD; jr§KyfESHrIudk uHaumif;rIawG
tjzpf ajymif;vJypfEdkifygap/
- udk,fhuifr&mudk tjrJwrf; w,k
w, xm;yg/ uifr&meJY qufpyf
ypönf;awG[m txdtcdkufrcHbJ
ysufpD;vG,fwwfwJh oabm &Sdyg
w,f/
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
- ud, k ½f u kd xf m;cJwh hJ "mwfyekH YJ wjcm;
qifwlwJh "mwfyHkawGudk ,SOfMunfh
jyD; ud, k &hf UJ vuf&nfvufaoG; wd;k
wufrItajctaeudk tpOftjrJ
wGufcsuf qef;ppfEdkifygw,f/
- tcrJ&h wJh hosting awGukd toH;k jyK
jyD ; online image gallery
wnfaqmufMunfhyg/ tqifajy
w,fqdk&ifawmh gallery wnf
aqmuf E d k i f w J h website wpf c k
avmuf 0,f,lxm;oihfygw,f/
- Ebay eJ Y Keh (http://www
.keh.com) wdkYvdk website awGrmS
t&nftaoG;jrihrf m;wJh pufypön;f
awG &Edkifygw,f/
- wd k i f ; jynf r S m &S d w J h owif ; pm?
*sme,fawGeJY acgif;MuD; rsufESmzHk;
yHkawGudk tpOftjrJ avhvmaeyg/
tJ'"D mwfyakH wGukd bmaMumifh vuf
&maumif;awGrmS &Sad e&ovJ qdw k hJ
tcsufudk avhvmqnf;yl;yg/
- Model awG a&mufvm&if csuf
csif; r½dkuful;ygeJY/ t&ifqHk; vdk
csifwJh 'sense' udk oabmayguf
atmif oifMum;ay;yg/ tJ'D ajym
qdkrItay:udk rlwnfjyD; udk,fhqE´
tay: em;vnf oabmaygufvm
wmeJYtrQ &&Sv d mwJh "mwfyakH wG[m
vnf; taumif;qHk; wHkYjyefrIawG
jzpfr,fqdkwm[m oufaoygyJ/
ar? 2008 117
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
- ½duk o f m½du
k yf g/ aemufrS cGijfh yKrIukd
awmif;cHyg/ wu,fvdkY ar;jref;
vd k u f r ,f q d k & if tJ ' D c Pav;
twGif;rSmyJ &ifoyf½IarmzG,f&m
&oaysmufqHk;oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/
- uifr&mjyifqifenf;? jyKjyifenf;
vufpJGpmtkyfawGudk zwfyg/
- wu,fvdkY rdom;pkeJY oli,fcsif;yHk
awGudk ½dkuful;cJhr,fqdk&if 'g[m
udk,fh&JU tcsdefydkawGrSm pdwftyef;
ajzEdkifwJh "mwfyHkav;awG jzpfvm
r,fhtjyif wjcm;wpfzufu awG;
Munfhr,fqdk&if olwdkY[m udk,fh
twGuf avhusihfzufawG jzpfEdkif
ygw,f/
- Model 'grSr[kwf jrifuGif;[m
rsufpdeJY rsOf;wpfajy;wnf; &Sdyg
ap/ cg;udkif;jyD;vJ r½dkufoihfovdk
ajczsm;axmufjyD;vnf; r½dkuf
oihfyg/
- jzpfEdkif&if wjcm;vlzvifudk roHk;
bJ udk,fydkif 0,f,lxm;wJh zvif
eJYom ½dkuful;jyD; udk,fhzvif&JU
tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufawGudk
tjrJwrf;od&adS eatmif MudK;pm;yg/
- ½dkuful;wJhtcgrSm ryDjyif 0dk;w0g;
Edik rf aI wGukd avsmhusEdik af p&ef tjrJ
wrf; udk,fh subject xuf ausmf
vGefatmif rzefwD;ygeJY/ uifr&m
wGif usOf;Edkif? csJUEdkifwJh tvif;0if
118 uGefysLwm*sme,f
ayguf u d k wwf E d k i f o rQ usOf ;
ajrmif;xm;Edik &f efpOf;pm;yg/ 'g[m
vlopfwef;awGtwGufawmh odyf
raumif;wJh oifcef;pmjzpfayr,fh
aMu;pm; "mwfyHkq&mawGuawmh
]aZmuf} eufwJh tvif;0ifayguf
awGeJYom ½dkuful;avh &Sdygw,f/
- Camera twGuv f t
kd yfwhJ wefqm
yvmawGudk wpfqdkifwnf;uae
0,f,lyg/
- "mwfykH website awGukd oGm;a&muf
avhvmwJt h cg y&dowfu jyefay;
wJh xifjrifcsuaf wGukd tjrJzwfyg/
½dkif;pdkif;wJhpum;awG Mum;&Edkifay
r,fh 'g[m olwYkd &UJ &ifwiG ;f cHpm;rI
trSefawG jzpfygw,f/
- raeYu ½du k cf w
hJ hJ "mwfyx kH uf 'DaeY
½dkufcJhwJh "mwfyHk[m ydkjyD; aumif;
oxuf aumif;vmatmif MudK;pm;
yg/
- pnf;urf;awGudk csKd;azmufyg/
"mwfyHkynm&JU pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
awG[m tawmrowfEdkifatmif
&Snfvsm;ygw,f/ pnf;rsOf;? pnf;
urf;abmiftwGif;rSm ½dkuful;aecJh
&&if vGwfvyfwJh tawG;tac:?
t,ltqawGudk &J&J0Hh0Hh wifjyEdkif
awmhrSm r[kwfovdk "mwfyHkynm
twGuv f nf; e,fajr usOf;ajrmif;
oGm;EdkifwmaMumifh wwfEdkiforQ
azmufxGufzdkY MudK;pm;yg/
- vrf;ay:u trIdufo½dkufawGudk
awmif tEkynmajrmufatmif ½du k f
wwfzdkY MudK;pm;yg/
- wu,fvdkY Model eJY ½dkuful;r,fh
subject (ouf&adS wG) uom cGijfh yK
r,fqdk&if ]paw}yHk r½dkufcifrSm
vnf; "mwfyHk½dkuful;yg/ jyD;aom
tcg t0wftpm;eJY tqifwefqm
udk cGmcRwv f u kd jf yD;csed rf mS vJ ½du
k u
f ;l
yg/ b,ftaetxm;u ydkaumif;
ovJqw kd m[m zvifu;l aq;jyD;wJh
tcgrSm ay:vGifvmrSm jzpfovdk
wcsKUd model awG[m omreftae
txm;eJY ydkjyD; vdkufzufoihfawmf
wmrsKd; &Sdwwfygw,f/
- udk,fh "mwfyHkynmeJY ywfoufjyD;
'blog' wpfck vkyfxm;yg/ ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaom a0zeftMuHjyKpmawG
&vmEdkifovdk? udk,fhtwGuf pdwf
xG u f a yguf w pf c k v nf ; jzpf y g
w,f/
- uifr&mtwGuf zJUG pnf;yHak wGtjyif
&moDOwk taetxm;? avwdkuf
cwfyHk ywf0ef;usifta&mif pwJh
owif;tcsuftvufawGudkyg pk
aqmif;yg/ 'g[m tckcsed rf mS toH;k
r0ifbJ tydkypönf;eJY wefzdk;r&SdwJh
A[kokwawG xifaeEdkifygw,f/
'gayr,fh "mwfyHkaumif;wpfyHkudk
zefw;D Edik zf Ykd twGuf tvGet f a&;yg
wJ h tao;tzG J tpteav;
awGyg/
- pl;&SawmufywJh tvif;a&mif yH&k yd f
ay:udk xifaew,fqdk&ifawmh
vufwpfzufwnf;eJY aeudk ausm
ay;jyD; 'lens' udk ae&JUtvif;a&mif
tay:rSm xm;jyD; ½dkuful;yg/
- a&jyif n D r sOf ; twd k i f ; ud k , f a e
[efudka&m? ½Iaxmihfudka&m &,lzdkY
ta&;MuD;ygw,f/ 'grSom "mwfykH

ul;aq;wJhtcgrSm jzpfjzpf? uGefysL
wmeJY csw d q f ufjyD; wdu k ½f ukd f print
xkwfwJh tcsdefrSmyJjzpfjzpf? tvGef
aumif;rGefwJh ½dkufcsufwpfrsKd;udk
zefwD;ay;Edkifygw,f/
- ausmfMum;xif&Sm;wJh "mwfyHkq&m
awG taMumif;udk okawoejyKyg/
bmaMumifh olwdkY[m ausmfMum;
xif&Sm;cJh&wmvJqdkwJh tcsufudk
&Smyg/ olwYkdvuf&mawGukd qef;ppf
Munfhyg/
- aMu;eef;wdkif? aMu;eef;MudK; csdwf
qufxm;wJh 0ef;usifrSm "mwfyHk
½dkuf,lzdkY rpOf;pm;ygeJY/ tJ'g[m
"mwfyHkawGtwGuf tMuD;rm;qHk;
taESmihft,Sufyg/
- tvsm;vdkuf taetxm;eJY a'gif
vdkuf taetxm; ESpfckMum;u
uGmjcm;rIudk &SkmazGyg/ "mwfyHk&JU
touf0ifrI[m tvif;tarSmif
upm;EdkifwJhtay:rSm rlwnfjyD;
ajymif;vJEdkif ygw,f/
- ]t½d k ; pif ; qH k ; taetxm;}ud k
&,lyg/ z½dkz&JjzpfaewJh tcsuf
tvufawG[m "mwfyHkay:rSm yg
0ifae&ifu, kd w
f ifjyvdw k thJ aMumif;
t&m[m arS;rSed o f mG ;wwfygw,f/
- atmufuae tay:udk yihrf ½du k yf g
eJY/ ½kyfyHkvTmwpfck twGuf tvGef
xl;jcm;wJh qef;opfrI&Sdayr,fh
vl0MuD;awGrSm&SdwJh ar;aphESpfxyf?
jyD;awmh npfywfwJhtjrif&SdwJh ESm
acgif; twGif;ydkif;eJY wjcm; Munfh
½Iol pdwt f aESmiht f ,Sujf zpfEikd pf &m
tcsuftvufawG trsm;tjym;
ay:vmEdkifygw,f/
- wcsKdUuav;i,fawGrSm tawGU
tMuHK aumif;av;awG &Sdygw,f/
'gayr,fh olwdkY[m ae&mwpfckrSm
Mum&Snfraewwfyg/ ajymif;vJ
wwfwhJ uav;awG&UJ pdwo f bm0
udk od&Sdatmif MudK;pm;r,fqdk&if
olwdkYvdkvm;ESpfoufwJh t&m0w¬K
uav;awGaMumifh cspfp&m [efyef
uav;awG ay:vGifvmygvdrhf
r,f/
- jrLESif;rIefuav;awG wzGJzGJ usae
wJ h eH e uf c if ; uav;? t&m&m
tm;vHk;[m qef;opfjyD; wuf<u
aewJh ½Icif;? aeyGihfuav; wpf
ajymufESpfajymufu ysKdrspfwJh opf
&GufawG Mum;rSm wdk;xGufaewJh
jrifuGif;rsKd;? tJ'gawGtm;vHk;udk
"mwfyHkeJY pmpDzGJUEdkifygw,f/ reuf
apmapm tdyf&mxwJhtusifhudk
arG;jrLyg/ reufcif;awGrSm &wwf
wJh tvSw&m;udk wky,lvdkY r&Edkif
yg/
- ywf0ef;usifudk pl;prf;avhvmyg/
wpf c gwavrS m rxif r S w f w J h
"mwfyHkaumif;awG[m udk,fhteD;
tem;rSmudk &Sdaewwfygw,f/
- cE¨mudk,fudk upm;yg/ vufao
MuD;eJY ½kyfwnfMuD;&yfjyD; uifr&m
r½dkufygeJY/
- vomaqmifuae pl;prf;Munhf
vdkufr,fqdk&if wpfaeY wpfaeY
vlawGvIyf&Sm;aeMuwJh yHkoP²mef
awGudk obm0 t½dk;cHtwdkif; jrif
&rSm jzpfygw,f/ aumif;rGefwJh
"mwfyHkawGudk rvGJapcsif&ifawmh
pl;prf;avhvmrIurkd avQmyh gavESi/fh
- tvif;a&mif&JU zGJUpnf;rI (t"du
tm;jzifh subject wpfckrSm tarSmif
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
cdkwJhae&mrsm;)? t&dyfrsm;udk avh
vmjcif; jyKvkyfayr,fh 'gawG[m
"mwf y H k q &mawG u d k wd k u f ½ d k u f
tusKd;jyKrSmawmh r[kwfygbl;/
'gayr,fh bmaMumihf avhvmoihf
ovJqw kd t hJ csu[
f m subject wpf
ckudk ta&mifwpfckwnf;eJY zJGUpnf;
xm;wm r[kwfovdk ]tarSmif&dyf}
[m "mwfyHkwpfyHktwGuf b,f
twdkif;twmtxd tusKd;ouf
a&mufrI &SdygovJqdkwmudkawmh
od a pEd k i f y gw,f / qd k v d k w mu
]jrifuGif;wpfck&JU aemufuG,frSm
&SdwJh vQKdU0Suf qef;Mu,frI}udk
od&Sdapygw,f/
- uif r &m&J U closer (teD ; uyf
qJG½dkuf,lEdkifwJh ud&d,m)eJY (dig-
ital zoom) a&G;cs,fzdkY MuHKvm
jyDqdk&if closer udkom a&G;cs,fjyD;
zoom roHk;ygeJY/
- t½dk;t&Sif;qHk; zJGUpnf;rIuom
aomh c suf j zpf w ,f q d k w mud k
oabmayguf em;vnfxm;yg/
- udk,fhtwGuf wpfpHkwpfck &vm
EdkifwJh design art show vdk yGJrsKd;
awGudk vufvGwfrcHygESifh/ rSwf
wrf;awGutp zwf½Iyg/
- y&d o wf a wG [ m "mwf y H k w pf y H k
aumif;aumif;r½dkufwwfayr,fh
aumif;aumif;cHpm;wwfygw,f/
wu,fvYkd "mwfyw kH pfy[
kH m t&nf
taoG;aumif; &Sdraebl;qdk&if
olwdkY&JU yg;pyfaygufeJY awGU&rSm
trSefygyJ/ olwdkY&JU wHkYjyef a0zef
csuf a wG u d k wav;wpm; em;
axmifvdkufemyg/ 'gayr,fh &if
bwfeJYawmh rcHpm;ygeJY/
- focus udk tvdktavsmuf jzwf
ay;xm;wJh uifr&mudk oHk;pGJ&jyD
qdk&if 'auto-focus' udk wpfMudrf
wnf;eJY ,HkMunf pdwfcspGm rxm;
ar? 2008 119
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ygeJY/ ESpfMudrfESpfcg focus jzwf
ay;yg/ ½kyyf v kH mT awGukd t"du ysuf
pD;apwJh taMumif;&if;u vlawG
[m uif r &mud k auto-focus
tm;ud;k jyD; ESmzsm;ay: wifjyD;wmeJY
wef;jyD; ½dkufMuawmhwJh udpyö J jzpf
ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdef focus cvkwf
udk rawmfwq xdcdkufrdjyD; tvdk
tavsmuf Manual-focus jyefjzpf
oGm;wmudk *½kpdkuf&ygr,f/
- digital camera awGeJY ½dkuful;wJh
tcgrSm yH&k yd rf mS 'red eye' yg0ifru I kd
uifr&meJY functions trsKd;pHkudk
oH k ; pJ G j yD ; z,f x k w f r ypf E d k i f & if
awmifrS owdxm;&ygr,f/ 'g[m
"mwfyHkaumif;udk ysufpD;&m ysuf
pD;aMumif; jzpfapEdkifwJh tcsuf
ygyJ/
- twGif;ydkif; ½dkufcsuf (indoor)
awGrSm jydK;jydK;jyufjyuf tvif;
a&mifawGay:rSm trSo D [JjyKjyD; cyf
pdyfpdyf ½dkuful;EdkifwJh tawGUtMuHK
udk &,lxm;yg/ 'g[m obm0
8. Acrobat
Adobe Acrobat Reader &JU vQK0
Ctrl + Shift + b - document wpfcktwGif;rSm xnfhoGif;xm;wJh toHzdkifudk
Mum;&ygr,f/ Oyrm ebook pmtkyfwpftkyfudk download &,lcJh&if tJ'D
ebook &JU rl&if; website vdypf meJY
credits rsm;ukd Mum;&ygr,f/
Ctrl + Shift + C - toHzdkifawGrSm&SdwJh
resume cvkwf&JU tvkyfvkyfyHkeJY
qifwlygw,f/
Ctrl + Shift + e -rMum;vdkawmhwJh
tcgrSm jyefvnf ydwfypfEdkifyg
w,f/
120 uGefysLwm*sme,f
qefjyD; tvGeftouf0ifwJh cHpm;
rIyg&SdwJh "mwfyHkaumif;awGudk ay;
ygvdrhfr,f/
- tus,ft0ef;udk wGufcsuf pdwf
arm&rIaMumifh tcsed f rukeyf gapeJY/
wu,fvdkY vGwfvyfwJh tus,f
t0ef;qdk&if 'closer' udk a&TUay;
Edkifygw,f/
- pdwMf udKuf "mwfyq kH &mwpfa,muf
&SmazGyg/ ]olomqdk&if 'DjrifuGif;
udk b,fvdk zefwD;rv}J qdkwJh
tjrifoabmxm;udk azmfxkwf
azG&SmMunfhyg/
- udk,fydkiftm;vyf&ufawGrSm udk,fh
ud k , f u d k c&D ; oG m ;{nf h o nf
wpf a ,muf v d k oabmxm;jyD ;
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf cHpm; ½dkuful;
yg/ tJ'DaeY "mwfyHkawGudk xnfh
rwGufbJ pdwf&Sdovdkom ½dkuful;
yg/
- uav;i,fawGtwGuf qJaG qmifrI
wpfck &Sd&ygr,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
snack rkefYbl;uav;wpfck? 'grsKd;
Ud u
S cf suf
udk olYukd vufaqmifay;zdYk pdwu f ;l
&S&d if "mwfyakH umif;wpfykH &&Szd Ykd em&D
tenf;i,f &&SEd ikd rf ,fqw kd mudk ,Hk
Munfyg/
- wcsKdU "mwfyHkawGrSm taumif;qHk;
jzpfatmif qJGaqmifEdkifzdkY tcsuf
tvufawGenf;yg;ygw,f/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh single photo (wpfudk,f
wnf; "mwfyHk) vHk;csif;awGrSm
Munf½h o I u l kd zrf;pm;Edik w f hJ zGUJ pnf;rI
enf;yg;wmudk *½krl&yg r,f/
- uifr&mudk csnfywfxm;wJh odkif;
MudK;? uifr&mtdwf&JU ab;vG,f
Mud K ; pwmawG v d k r sKd ; taES m ih f
t,Suf wpfpHkwpf&m &Sdraebl;
qd k w m aocsmrS o m uif r &m
cvkwfay:wifxm;wJh ]vufn§dK;}
udk toHk;csyg/
- uifr&m&JU manual mode udk
toH k ; jyKjyD ; awmawmif a &ajr
obm0½Icif;awGudk ½dkuful;r,f
qd&k ifawmh ud, k of ;kH pGw
J hJ uifr&m&JU
taMumif;awGudk ESHYESHYpyfpyf od&SdzdkY
twGuf tcsdeftawmftwef ay;
jyD; avhusihf,l&ygvdrhfr,f/
- pmzwfyg/
- wu,fwrf; "mwfyakH umif;aumif;
wpfyHkudk wu,fh 0g&ihf ynm&Sif
awGvdk ½dkuful;zefwD;csifw,f
qdk&ifawmh tck pm&if;rSmyg0ifwhJ
aqmif&ef? a&Smif&efawGukd ]aemuf
wpfacguf} xyfzwfyg/ (wu,f
vdkY "mwfyHkynmeJY ywfoufjyD;
xifjrifcsuf? t,ltq? tawG;
tac:awGeJY tMuHÓPfawG &,l
csifygw,f? a0iScsifygw,f qdk&if
vnf; tck tD;ar;vf ciarans-
blog@mac.com udk pma&; quf
oG,Ef ikd yf gw,f/)

9. Virus
Adware, spyware awGtwGuf tEÅ&m,f umuG,af &;
vrf;nTecf suf 23 ck
1/ Anti-virus aqmhzf0JvfawG[m
rvHak vmufyg/ 'Removal tools' udk in-
stall vk y f y g/ ( virus umuG , f a &;
aqmhz0f v
J af wG[m yDpu D dk spyware 'grS
r[kwf adware awG jiduyf ul;pufwhJ
tcg rqkdifovdk vkyfaeavh &Sdwwf
ygw,f/)
2/ spyware/adware removal
tools udk tenf;qHk; 2 ck xm;yg/
(anti-virus tool awGuom tcsif;csif;
&efapmif jyóemwufwwfMuayr,fh
spyware umuG,fa&; aqmhzf0JvfawG
uawmh tcsif;csif; oifhjrwfMuavh
&Sdygw,f/
3/ Firefox vm;? IE vm; ? aocsm
pGm pOf;pm;yg/ (rsm;aomtm;jzifh spy-
ware awG[m tJ'Dvkd browser ESpfck
tMum; Asmrsm;aewhJtcsdefrSm 0ifvm
wwfygw,f/ wcsKdU website awG[m
IE eJY tvGrf;oifhjyD; wcsKdUusawmh
firefox eJYrS tqifajywwfMuwht
J wGuf
awGa0rIudk avQmhcsyg/)
4/ P2P uGef&ufudk owdxm;yg/
('.torrent' awGuaewpfqifh adware/
spyware awG ul;pufwwfwm tck
aemufykdif;rSm yHkjyifopfawG jzpfvmae
ygjyD/ rvkdtyf&if P2P udk roHk;bJ ½kd;½kd;
om download csyg/)
5/ Bazooka Scanner udk down-
load &,lyg/ (spyware, adware &Sd r&Sd
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
10/ home page ajymif;vJoGm;wm
jrifwmeJY scan vkyfyg/ (udk,fwkdif rod
vkud yf gyJeYJ home page ajymif;vJomG ;jyD
qkdwmeJY csufcsif; scan vkyfyg/ tJ'g
[m spyware jzpf z k d Y tcG i f h t vrf ;
rsm;aeygjyD/)
t"du ppfaq;ay;whJ bazooka scan- 11/ window udk tqifhjr§ifhwifyg/
ner udk tcrhJ &Ekdifygw,f/ (tu,fí XP oHk;pGJae&if service
pack 2 udk ajymif;vJoihfjyD; XP SP2
6/ aqmhzf0Jvf update udk ukd,fukd,f oHk;pGJae&if vista udk tqifhjr§ifhwifoifh
wkdif vkyfyg/ (wpfcgwavrSm aqmhzf ygw,f / vl o d e nf ; aewh J OS [m
0Jvf update vkyfay;ygr,f qkdwdkif; twku d t f cdu
k f cH&rI enf;yg;aeOD;rSmyg/)
twif;uma&m vufrcHvu dk yf geJY/ t&if
qHk; ukd,fh&JU anti-spyware [m up- 12/ aMumfjimawG[m spyware awG
date jzpf rjzpf ppfaq;yg/) vm;/ (raocsmyg/ aMumfjimwkdif;[m
spyware r[kwfovkd spyware wkdif;
7/ firewall udk ukd,fukd,fwdkif wnf uawmh Advertising wdkif;qDuae
aqmufyg/ (Oyrm Zonealarm vkdrsKd; 0ifa&mufvmwmyJ jzpfygw,f/)
firewall [m tjrifuwfp&maumif;
avmufatmifukd wm0efausjyD; uk, d of ;kH 13/ Keylogger awGudk umuG,fvkdY
f ?Jh ,HMk unf&whJ software list awG
pGcJ siw &Ekdifygw,f/ (wu,fvkdY udk,fykdifA[k
udk olYudk ay;xm;vkduf½HkeJY tqifajyyg okw enf;yg;ae&if keylogger awG&JU
w,f firewall xm;&SdwhJtwGuf RAM oGifjyifvu©PmawGudk &SmazGzwf½Iyg/
uawmh rodrom xyfvkdygr,f/) 'Ctrl+Alt+Del' oHk;pGJjyD; system rSm
run aewhJ rouFmwhJ 'exe' zkdif rSeforQ
8/ EULA udk zwfyg/ (end user li- udk z,f&Sm;ypfyg/ tJ'Dvdk z,f&Sm;
cense agreement qkdwm[m aqmhzf
0Jvfwdkif;eJY website tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
yg0ifwwfygw,f/ aqmhzf0Jvftopf
wpf c k [ m uk d , f e J Y r&if ; ES D ; ao;&if
EULA udk t"duxm;jyD; zwf½Iyg/
9/ back up vkyyf g/ back up vkyyf g/
back up vkyy f g/ (ynm&Siw
f idk ;f vkv
d u
dk
data awGudk back-up vkyfzkdY tMuHjyKchJ
ayr,hf user wkdif;vkdvkdu arhavsmhae
MuqJyg/ ta&;MuD;whJ? wefzkd;&SdwhJ
tcsuftvufawG rqHk;½HI;apzkdY enf;
vrf;aumif;awGxJu wpfcku back-
up vkyfjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/)
ar? 2008 121
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ypfjcif;tm;jzifh system zkdiftppfwcsKdU
qkd&if vwfwavmrSm tvkyf rvkyf
awmhwmuvGJjyD; bmrS rjzpfEkdifyg/)
14/ trsm;oH;k uGeyf sLwmawGqrD mS uk, d f
yk d i f t csuf t vuf a wG roH k ; pG J y geJ Y /
(vltrsm;eJY pyfwloHk;pGJ&whJ uGefysLwm
awGqDrSm vkdtyfcsufaMumifh «Oyrm
cyber cafe vdkrsKd; ae&m» ukd,fykdif
tcsuftvufawG oHk;pGJ&r,fqkd&if
owdxm;yg/ uGefysLwmuae xGufcGm
r,fqkd&if ukd,fh history awGudk &Sif;
vif;ypfchJyg/
15/ Upload zdkifawGudkvJ owdxm;
yg/ ("mwfyHk okdYr[kwf tjcm; tcsuf
tvufrsm; rjzpfrae wifyYkd &jyDqydk g&if
secure &Sw
d Jh web host awGukd oH;k pGyJ g/)
16/ anti-spyware software tcrhJ
ay;whJ website - Oyrmtm;jzifh AVG-
anti-spyware website uae tcrhJ
ay;xm;ygvsufeJY download csvdkY
r&EkdifwmrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ (tJ'g[m odyf
aumif;ygw,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh
uk,d yhf pD rD mS spyware 0ifaewmudk AVG
u odaevkdYyg/ aemufwpfrsKd;u ukd,fh
&JU spyware u anti-spyware ukd
122 uGefysLwm*sme,f
vufrcHvkdYyg/ 'gqkd&ifawmh owd
MuD;MuD;eJY &Sif;vif;ypf&ygvdrhfr,f/)
17/ DOS wku d cf u
dk rf I &Sv
d mEkid o f vm;/
uGefysLwm&JU twGif;ykdif;pepftxd euf
euf½iId ;f ½diI ;f 0ifa&mufwu dk cf u
dk rf I jzpfyg
w,f/ P2P network rSm udk,frodwhJ
vlawGqDudk sharing rvkyfzkdYeJY tcrhJ&
whJ software wkdif;udk r,HkMunfzkdY zip/
rar file awGudk owdxm;zkdY vkdygr,f/
18/ icon awG u d k desktop ay:rS m
twif ; tusyf ae&m,l a ejyD q k d & if
spyware jzpfaeygjyD/ (aqmhzf0Jwkdif;rSm
desktop icon shortcuts oabmrsKd;
zefwD;ay;ayr,fh oHk;pGJol cGifhrjyKbJ
ae&m r,lwwfMuyg/)
19/ tcsufay;yHkoP²mefawG rSm;,Gif;
aewhJtcg anti-spyware aqmhzf0Jvf
awG[m jyD;jynhfpHkrI r&Sdyg/ olwkdYudk
&Si;f vif;ypfwidk ;f rSm uninstall udk tao
tcsm jyKvky fy g/ oabmw&m;t&
ajym&&if anti-spyware aqmhzf0Jvf
ukd,füu spyware wpfckygyJ/
20/ Remote Access Trojan qdkwm
virus vdkrsKd;/ program i,fuav;
wpfckudk uGefysLwmpepftwGif; ukd,f
rodvkduf&ygyJ 0ifa&mufapchJjyD; tJ'D
y½k*d &rfi,fuav;[m ud, k v
f yk af eorQ
owif;tcsuftvufawGeJY ukd,fh&JU
ukd,fa&;ukd,fwm udpö0dpö rSeforQudk
ydik &f iS q
f u
D kd owif;jyefvnfay;ykYdaeavh
&Sdygw,f/
21/ Drive-By Download qkw d m
t"dutm;jzifh yk*¾vdu tcsuf
tvufawGeJY vHkjcHKrIudk xdyg;apmfum;
whJ wku d cf u
dk rf w
I pfrsKd;ukd ac:qkyd gw,f/
wu,fvkdY aMumfjim pop-up awGudk
owdxm;jyD; wm;qD;r,fqkd&if wkduf
½kdufxdawGUcH&rI r&SdEkdifyg/ Pop-up
blocker yg0ifwhJ firefox vdk browser
rsKd;udk oHk;pGJoifhygw,f/
22/ Search bar awGukd r,HMk unfygeJY/
google.com eJY google toolbar... Ya-
hoo eJY Yahoo toolbar wkdYvkd ,HkMunf
pdwfcs&whJt&mawG &SdaejyD;whJ tcsdefrSm
web ud k txl ; &S m azG a y;r,f qk d w h J
toolbar awGudk ,HkMunfudk;pm; raeyg
eJYawmh/ www.google.com vkdY ad-
dress bar rSm ½kdufvkduf&wm[m ra&
&m raocsmwhJ toolbar awGudk install
vkyfvkdufaewmxuf trsm;MuD; vHkjcHKrI
&Sdygw,f/
23/ 'Dae&mukdoGm;yg/
Virus eJY ywfoufjyD; taumif;
tqdk;awGudk yHkrSef owif;ay;&if; um
uG,fzkdYenf;vrf;awGudk tcrhJ jzefYcsdae
whJ ae&mawG&Sdovkd tck website awG
uawmh spyware, adware, malware
pwmawGudk &ifqkdifajz&Sif;zkdY owif;
awG? tools awG? update news awG
&Ekdifygw,f/ http://www.
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
aZ,smpH
 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef

COBOL. pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;oHk; application rsm;twGuf code. (1) uGey

f sLwmwpfv;kH twGuf y½d*k &rfa&; instruction
txl;'DZidk ;f xkwxf m;onfh tqifjh rifh y½d*k &rfa&; bmompum; twGJwpfck jzpfonf/ (2) Character rsm;udk ukd,fpm;jyK&ef
wpf&yf jzpfonf/ toHk;jyKonfh binary yHkpHrsm; jzpfonf/
Command Business Oriented Language udk twkd
aumuf ac:qko d nfh COBOL onf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;? tpk;d &?
umuG,fa&;ESifh todynm&Sifrsm;qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk
udk,fpm;jyKonfh 1959 aumfrwDwpfcku tpjyK arG;zGm;ay;cJh
onfh pkaygif; bmompum;wpf&yf jzpfonf/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f
xkwfjyefonfh COBOL bmompum;onf tcsuftvuf
rSwwf rf;rsm;tm; t"du tcsuftvuf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufykH
wpf&yftjzpf yxrqHk; rdwfqufyGJxkwfay;cJhonfh bmom
pum; jzpfonf/ COBOL udk tzGJUtpnf;oHk;pm&if; owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;tm; okdavSmif&ef? xkwf,loHk;pGJ&ef? tqifh
qifh vkyfukdifEkdif&efESifh ypönf; t0iftxGuf xdef;csKyfrI?
aiG&ajypm awmif;cHrIESifh vkyfc vpm xkwfjyefrI ponfh
vkyfief;rsm;tm; tvkdtavsmuf vkyfaqmif&ef 'DZkdif;
xkwfxm;onfhtwGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif a&G;cs,f
toHk;jyKp&m pum;wpf&yfb0odkY vsifjrefpGma&muf&SdcJhonf/
COBOL onf tzGUJ tpnf;oH;k rde;f z&dev f yk if ef; ywf0ef;usif codepages. Keyboard ay:&Sd key toD;oD;wkYd u ½du
k x
f w
k f
wGif tus,fjyefY qHk; toHk;jyKonfhy½dk*&rfa&; bmompum; onfh tu©&moauFwwdkY\ t"dyÜm,f zGifhqkdcsufjzpfonf/
wpf&yf jzpfvmcJhonf/ Keyboard vufuu G rf mS wpfEidk if EH iS hf wpfEidk if H rwlnMD uay/
COBOL y½d* k &rfrsm;onf pum;vH;k toH;k tEIe;f tvGef UK ESifh USA wkdYwGif QWERTY standard udk oHk;onf/
<u,f0onf/ odkYaomfvnf; command trsm;pkrSm t*Fvdyf jyifopfEkdifiHwGif AZERTY udk oHk;NyD; tjcm; EkdifiHrsm;wGif
bmompum;ESihf qifwo l nft
h wGuf zwf½&I ef vG,u f o
l nf/ ¤if;wdYk \ txl;tu©&moauFwrsm;udk keyboard vufuu G f
rnfokdYqkdapumrl azmif;yGvGef;onfh code rsm; toHk;jyKrIESifh wGif xnfhoGif;xm;wwfMuonf/ bmomrwlaom vuf
nHhzsif;onhf twGif;ydkif; rSwfwrf;wifenf;pepfrsm;aMumifh uGufjzifh uGefysLwmwGif type ½kduf&eftwGuf keyboard
zwf½I&ef vG,fulrIrSm tvG,fwul aysmufqHk;oGm;Ekdifjyef layout ESihf toH;k jyKaom tu©&mpmvH;k twGuf font udk ajymif;
onf/ vJ&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk codepage u t"dyÜm,fzGifhqkd
COBOL Version rsm;udk personal computer rsm; owfrSwfxm;onf/ Keyboard \ properties udk ajymif;vJ
twGuf &&SdEkdifonf/ okdYaomfvnf; personal computer &ef control panel &Sd keyboard udk toHk;jyK&rnf jzpfonf/
rsm;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;oHk; application rsm;udk rMum
cP wDxGifNyD; C odkYr[kwf Xbase xJwGif xdef;odrf;xm; COGO. Coordinate gecometry. jyóemajz&Sif;rIudk
onfu rsm;onf/ OD;wnfxm;aom y½dk*&rfbmompum;wpfck jzpfonf/ *sDMo
arMwD jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &efjzpfNyD; NrdKUjytif*sief ,
D mrsm;u
t"dutm;jzifh toHk;jyKonf/

ar? 2008 123

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
cold boot. Operating system udk ae&mwusxm;NyD;
uGefysLwmudkzGifhjcif; jzpfonf/ Boot qkdaom pum;vHk;onf
]]to pull yourself up by your bootstrap}} qkdonfh pmydk'frS
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmudkzGifhvkdufonfhtcg uGefysLwm
pufEkd; vnfywf&ef vkdtyfaom ñTefMum;csufrsm;ukd uGefysL
wmu tvkdtavsmuf zwf½IoGm;onf/
Warm boot (reboot) onf cold boot ESifh jcm;em;
onf/ Warm boot vkyo f nft h cgwGif (Ctrl–Alt–Del cvkwf
rsm;udk ESdyf&onf/) avmavmq,f vnfywfaeNyDjzpfonfh
uGeyf sLwmudk boot vkyjf cif; jzpfonf/ Warm boot vkyo f nfh
tcg uGefysLwmonf ,if;\tm½Hkrsm;udk &Sif;vif; z,f&Sm;
ypfNyD; track ay: jyefa&muf&ef vktd yfonfñ h eT Mf um;csurf sm;udk
jyefzwfonf/ Cold boot vkyfonfhtcg uGefysLwmqDokdY
"mwftm;zGifhay;&ef vdktyfonf/
colon:. (1) DOS wGif drive letter \ aemufü xnfhoHk;
onf/
Oyrm drive C udk C:
drive A udk A:
(2) C programing wGif ] :}udk structure template declaring
tjzpf oHk;onf/
color graphics adapter. CGA udk Munfy
h g/
color monitor. ta&mifrsm; azmfjyEki
d af om yHak zmfzefom;jyif
wpfck jzpfonf/ Monochrome monitor ESifh jcm;em;onf/
Monochrome monitor onf ta&mifESpfrsKd;om azmfjyEkdif
onf/ trnf;ay:wGif tjzLa&mif? trnf;ay:wGif tpdrf;
a&mif odkYr[kwf trnf;ay:wGif y,if;a&mifom ay:apEkdif
onf/
124 uGefysLwm*sme,f
column. pm&if;Z,m;y½dk*&rfwGif pm&if;Z,m;wpfckpDudk
tu©&mpOf xkd;xm;onfh pmwkdifESifh eHygwfpOfxkd;xm;onfh
pmwef;rsm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;xm;onf/ (txufatmuf oGm;aom)
pmwkdifrsm;ESifh (ab;wkdufoGm;aom) pmwef;rsm;onf tcsif;
csif; awGUqHk jzwfoef;NyD; tuGuf cell rsm; jzpfvmMuonf/
,if;tuGuu f av;rsm;rSm pm&if;Z,m;\ tajccHtuGurf sm;
yif jzpfonf/
uGeyf sLwmpmpDpm½duk yf ½d*k &rfwiG f column rsm;onf text
\ tuGufusOf;usOf;rsm;udk &nfñTef;onf/ pmpDpm½dkuf
y½dk*&rftrsm;pkonf rsOf;NydKifpmwkdif (parallel column) ESifh
owif;pm pmwkdif (newspaper column) wdkYudk odompGm
cGJjcm;xm;onf/ owif;pm pmwkdifonf pmwkdifwpfck\
atmufq;kH rSaeí aemufpmwkid o f Ykd jyefwufomG ;onf/ rsO;f NydKif
pmwkdifrsm;url pmwkdifwpfckxJu text udk tjcm;pmwkdifxJrS
,if;ESifh oufqkdifonfh text rsm;ESifh wpfwef;wnf;jzpfatmif
csdefay;onf/
column chart. wefzkd;rsm;udk axmifvdkuf bar rsm;tjzpf
azmfjyyHEk ydS o
f nfh bar chart wpfrsK;d jzpfonf/
COM. (1) qufoG,fa&;twGuf logical device emrnf
jzpfonf/ COM1, COM 2,COM 3 ESifh COM 4 [k trnf
ay;xm;onfh wef;quf qufo, G af &; port av;cktxd MS-
DOS vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yfu t&efxm;&Sdonfh emrnfwpfck
jzpfonf/ (aemufqHk;ESpfckonf MS –DOS version 3.3 ESifh
aemufydkif; version rsm;wGifom yg&Sdonf/) odkYjzpfí rkd'rf
wpfckudk wef;quf port wpfckwGif qufoG,fNyD; wef;quf
y&ifwmwpfckudk tjcm; port wpfckwGif qufoG,fonhftcg
,if; device rsm;udk vkyfaqmifrIpepfu COM 1 ESifh COM
2 tjzpf trSwftom;jyKonf/
(2) COM onf wpfckwnf;aom 64 kilobyte (KB)
segment tjzpf tuefYtowfjyKxm;onfh? execute vkyfEkdif
onfh binary (program) file wpfrsKd;twGuf MS–DOS u

t&efxm;&Sdonfh extension udkvnf; &nfñTef;onf/ COM
zkdifrsm;ukd rMumcP qkdovkd utility y½dk*&rfrsm;ESifh short
routine rsm;twGuf toHk;jyKonf/
command.com. DOS wG i f command.com onf
uGeyf sLwmtm; boot vky&f ef wifay;&rnfh zkid w
f pfcjk zpfonf/
,if;onf zefom;jyif prompt rsm;ukd azmfjyay;onf/
rdrd½dkufESdyfonfh command rsm;udk t"dyÜm,fazmfay;onf/
vkdtyfonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufay;onf/
command. uGey f sLwmtm; rnfoYkdvyk af qmif&ef apcdik ;f onfh
trdefYwpfck jzpfonf/ trdefYay; apckdif;&onfh command
driver y½dk*&rfrsm;wGif y½dk*&rftm; aqmif&Guf&ef owfrSwf
xm;onfh cvkwfwpfckukd ESdyf&onf odkYr[kwf command
pmvHk;udk ½dkufay;&onf/
command driven program. Command rsm;udk aqmif&u
G f
&ef cvkwfESdyfcsufrsm;ukd tvGwfusufrSwfxm;&ef vdktyf
onfh y½dk*&rfjzpfonf/ Command driven program rsm;
onf menudriven program rsm;xuf ykí d oif,&l cufaomf
vnf; vkdtyfonfh cvkwfESdyfcsufrsm;udk tvGwf usufrSwfrd
onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf command rsm;udk ydkí vsifjrefpGm
xnfhoGif;ay;vmEkdifonf/ odkYaomfvnf; menu-driven
program topf trsm;pkonf omrefvkyfief;rsm;twGuf
jzwfvrf;u aqmif&u G Ef idk rf nfh cvkwrf sm;xnfah y;xm;onf/
command key. rl&if; Apple Macintosh cvkwfcHkay:wGif
txl;oauFwyg&Sdonfh cvkwfwpfck jzpfonf/ Propeller
odkYr[kwf puppy foot [kvnf; ac:avh&Sdonf/ ykdí qef;
opfonfh Apple ADB ESifh Extended keyboard rsm;wGif
toHk;jyKonfh Apply key onf apmapmykdif; Apple II key-
board version tay:rlwnfí þ key udk space bar \
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
wpfzufjcrf; odYk r[kwf ESpzf ufv;kH wGif awGU&SEd idk o
f nf/ Com-
mand key onf IBM keyboard rsm;ay:wGifcontrol key
\ zef&Sifrsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifonf/ Character key wpfckESifh
twl wJGí wpfjydKifwnf; ESdyfonfhtcg menu selection
vkyf&ef odkYr[kwf shortcut wpfcktjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
Shortcut roHk;ygu ,if;zef&Sifrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef cvkwf
uGufrsm;pGm ESdyf&rnf/ odkYr[kwf mouse vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;pGm
jyKvkyf&onf/
command line. pum;vH;k rsm;udk type ½duk Ef ydS í
f uGeyf sLwm
udk trdefYay;ckdif;apjcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ DOS
onf command line jzifh trdefYay;ckdif;ap&aom operating
system jzpfonf/ Oyrm zkdifpm&if;udk odvdkygu dir [lí
pmvHk;½dkufESdyf ckdif;ap&onf/ Directory ajymif;vdkygu CD
[k ½dkufESdyfckdif;ap&onf/
command gateway interface. CGI udk Munfy
h g/
common object request broker architecture. CORBA
udk Munfhyg/
communication program. (Modem uJhodkY vdktyfonfh
hardware wyfqifxm;aom) uGey
f sLwmwpfv;kH tm; w,fvD
zkef;rS wpfqifh tjcm;uGefysLwmrsm;jzifh qufoG,fapEkdifaom
y½dk*&rfwpfck jzpfonf/ Modem trsm;pkonf modem udk
toHk;jyK&ef vdktyfonfh qufoG,fa&;aqmhzf0Jrsm; twl
ygvmwwfonf/ tu,fí ,if; modem wGif aqmhzf0J
ygrvmygu oD;jcm; qufoG,fa&; y½kd*&rfwpfckudk 0,f,l&
rnf/ qufoG,fa&; y½dk*&rftrsm;pkonf rdrd rMumcP
zkef;ac:wwfonfh zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk odrf;qnf;ay;EkdifNyD; rdrd
twGuf ,if;zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk tvdktavsmuf vSnhfac:ay;
Ekdifonf/ acwfrDqufoG,fa&;y½dk*&rfrsm;onf nbufwGif
tjcm;uGefysLwmrsm;tm; zkef;ac:ay;Ekdifaponfh zkdifrsm;udk
xnfah y;xm;Ekid of nf/ ,if;zkid u
f vkt
d yfonfh vkyif ef;rsm;udk
tvdktavsmuf aqmif&Gufay;NyD; vkyfief; NyD;qHk;onfhtcg
zkef;tquftoG,fudk tvdktavsmuf &yfweYfapygonf/
communication protocol. uGefysLwmESpfvHk;Mum; tcsuf
tvufrsm; vTJajymif;ay;&mwGif xdef;csKyfay;aom Oya'
pnf;urf;rsm; jzpfonf/ rdrd\uGefysLwmudk tjcm;uGefysLwm
wpfvHk; odkYr[kwf Prodigy uJhodkY on-line service wpfckESifh
ar? 2008 125
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
qufoG,fvdkufygu uGefysLwmESpfvHk;pvHk;onf wlnDaom rsm;ESifh rSwfÓPf toHk;
qufoG,fa&;taetxm;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKaeaMumif; aocsm taqmifrsm; aygif;pyf
atmifjyKvkyf&onf/ odkYr[kwfygu tcsuftvufrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;Ekdifonf/
vJTajymif;aepOf trSm;t,Gif;rsm; jzpfay:vmEkdifonf/ CD rsm;onf tMud r f
Oyrm modem wpfcku 2400 baud jzifh ajymqkdNyD; rnfrQ toHk;jyKapumrl
tjcm; modem u 300 baud jzifh em;axmifaeygu tcsuf &SJ&SJjrnfoHrsm; ay:rvm
tvuftcsKdU aysmufqHk;oGm;zG,f&m&Sdonf/ aqmif&Gufaeus aomaMumifh aw;*Dwrsm;
qufoG,fa&; taetxm;rsm;wGif atmufygvkyfief;rsm; toH oG i f ; &mwG i f
yg0ifonf/ taumif ; qH k ; [k ,l q
Ä baud rate – tcsuftvuf vJaT jymif;&mwGif modem Muonf/ (½d;k ½d;k uufqufwyd af cGrsm;onf zGiyhf grsm;onft h cg
ESpfck toHk;jyKonfh tjrefEIef;jzpfonf/ tcsuftvufrsm; toH ysuvf m wwfonf/) Disk onf rmausmawmifw h if;jyD;
a&TUajymif;&mwGif tjrefEIef;edrhfonfh modem \ EIef;twkdif; rnfonfh tpdwt f ydik ;f urQ tay:,H rsuEf mS jyifEiS hf rxdro
d nfh
om aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ twGuf track rsm;udk yl;yl;uyfuyf pkpnf;xm;Ekdifonf/
Ä parity – ay;ydkYonfh tcsuftvufrsm; vufcHonf/
tcsuftvufrsm; pkpnf;rI &Sdr&Sd prf;oyfjcif; jzpfonf/ compact disc-digital video interactive (CVI).
toHk;rsm;onfh setting rSm none odkYr[kwf ]no parity} vIy&f mS ;rItjynfyh gonfh AD',
D ½dk yk yf rkH sm;udk 'pf*spfw,fenf;jzifh
jzpfonf/ odrf;qnf;&ef ]]zdodyfjcif;enf;pepf}} udk toHk;jyKonfh com-
Ä data bits – xkwfvTwfay;onfh character wkdif;wGif pact disc wpfck jzpfonf/
ygonfh bit ta&twGufudk ñTefjyonf/ toHk;rsm;onfh
setting rSm 8 jzpfonf/ compact disc interactive (CD- I). CD –I wGif recording
Ä stop bits – Character wpfck tqHk;owfonfudk t&nftaoG;udk ESdrfhcsvkdufygu em&D 20 cefYtxd zGifhvSpf
tcsufjy&ef toHk;jyKonfh bit ta&twGufudk ñTefjyonf/ xm;í&onf/ tqd;k qH;k tajctaersK;d rSmyifvQif CD-I rS xGuf
Ä duplex – tcsuftvufrsm;udk wpfcsdew f nf; wpfjydKif vmonfh pum;oHrsm;onf yHkrSefa&'D,kd toHvTifhcsufrsm;
wnf; ay;ydkYjcif;? vufcHjcif;jyK&ef odkYr[kwf wpfcsdefwnf; xuf ydkí aumif;rGefonf/ zdodyfrI enf;pepfwpf&yfudk
wpfjydKifwnf; ay;ydYk jcif;ESihf vufcjH cif; rjyKvky&f ef uGeyf sLwm toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh CD-I wpfcsyfonf ½kyfaoyHk 5000 ausmf
tm; ajymqkdjcif; jzpfonf/ toHk;rsm;onfh setting rSm full odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifonf/ toHk;jyKoltaejzifh rdrd xkwf,lvkd
jzpfonf/ onfh t&mudk a&G;cs,fjcif;jzifh disc ESifh twkdiftazmufnDnD
vkyfudkifí &onf/ Interact vkyfí&onf/
compact disc. tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;onfh
"mwfjym;wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ tcsif; 4.75 vufr&Sdonf/ compact disc-photographic. "mwfyHke*¾wpfrsm;rS ul;,l
'pf*spfw,f tcsuftvufrsm; odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifonf/ xm;aom odYkr[kwf yHrk eS u
f ifr&mwpfv;kH jzifh ½du
k u
f ;l xm;onfh
t&Snfvsm;qHk; aw;*Dwvuf&mrsm;ukd toHoGif;&mwGif 74 transparency rsm;rS ul;,lxm;aom compact disc wpfck
rdepftxd Mumjrifo h nf/ ,if;uJo h Ykd 74 rdepfpm toHoiG ;f zkYd ukd jzpfonf/ ½kyaf oyHrk sm;udk Munf½h &I ef photo CD player wpfck
&nf&G,f wDxGifjcif;jzifh CD \ t&G,ftpm;rSm 4.75 vufr xJwGif ae&mcs&onf/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk 'pf*spfw,f
&SdzdkY vdktyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ y½dk*&rfESifh tcsuftvuf enf;jzifh xdef;odrf;xm;onfhtwGuf ½kyfyHktpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
topfrsm;onf tm;aumif;onfh avqma&mifjcnfwpfck\ yHkMuD;csJUí&onf/ wnf;jzwfí &onf/
vufcsufjzifh disc rsufESmjyifay:wGif dip rsm;tjzpf
]avmifuRrf;} oGm;Muonf/ tm;aysmhonfh avqmwpfco k nf compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM). CD-
disc vnf ywfaepOf dip rsm;rS a&mifjyefxGufvmonfh ROM udk Munfhyg/
yHkajymif;rI (distortion) rsm;udk toHk;csNyD; rsufESmjyifay:wGif
zwf½aI y;Ekid o
f nf/ CD rsm;wGif y½d*k &rfoiG ;f xm;onfh &SmazGrI qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

126 uGefysLwm*sme,f

xm0& ta&mif;&qHk; PC *drf;awG
xJ u wpf c k / Expansion pack
trsm;qHk; xGufwJh*drf;/ aemufvmr,fh
The Sims 3 rSm bmawG xl;jcm;vmrvJ
MunfhMu&atmif/
e,fy,ftus,ft0ef;u aetdrf
wGif; pDrHukdifwG,frIuae vlrIt0ef;
t0kdif; pDrHudkifwG,frIodkY ajymif;oGm;
w,f/ The Sims 2 rSmwkef;u teD;
tem; tjcm;tdrfawGrSm ajymif;vJrI
bmrQ r&Sdbl;/ tcsdefu oifhrdom;pkudk
om a&G;cs,frsufESmvdkufí usefwJh
,Ofaus;rItzGYJ tpnf;eJY tquftoG,f
jzwfxm;w,f/ [dkbuftdrfu oif
ESpfoufwJh aumifuav; Smith qdkyg
awmh/ a&SUquf upm;&if oif touf
30 a&muf o G m ;vnf ; ol u awmh
aumifuav;yJ jzpfaeOD;rSmyJ/
The Sims 3 rSmawmh aeY&uf tcse df
twkdif; jzpfysufr,fvdkY oif arQmfvifh
xm;orQawG jzpfysufr,f/ jrdKUxJrmS &Sw d hJ
characters awG tm;vHk;twl vkduf
ajymif;Mur,f/ oifh&JU sims awGudk
zoom qGJMunfhEkdifw,f/ tdrfeD;em;csif;
awG q D tvnf o G m ;? wH c g;acguf ?
jywif;aygufu acsmif;MunfEh idk rf ,f/ jrdKU
(PREVIEW)
xJoGm;vdkY awGYwJholu oifh b0xJu
sims awGygyJ/ qdkygpdkY/ tvkyfzGifh&uf
MuD; jrdKUxJavQmufoGm;&if; oifh boss
eJY &ifqkdifawGYjyDqdkygawmh/ oifh sim
u &Sufuef;uef;eJY ajy;rvm;/ tJ'grsKd;
awGeYJ wu,fb h 0awGvkd obm0usvm
r,f/ The Sims 2 wkef;u ab;tdrfrS
tcsdefrJhuav;[m oifhudk,fykdifuav;
twkid ;f vku
d v
f MH uD;jyif;r,f/ tdref ;D csi;f
upm;azmfawG[m txufwef;ausmif;
t&G,f Muifzuf&nf;pm;awG jzpfvmEkdif
ygao;w,f/
aemufwpfck ta&;ygwmu Sims
&JU Personality t&if*drf;&JU pepfrSm
tuefYtowf &Sdw,f/ vHkavmufwJh
uGJjym;xif&Sm;rI r&Sdbl;/ upm;olawG
[m tpGef;w&m;awGa&SmifjyD; tv,f
tvwf "neutral" a&G;jzpfapzdkY wGef;
tm;ay;xm;w,f/ Sims 2 rSmwkef;u
player awG prf;oyf upm;Munfz h Ydk per-
ar? 2008 127
 (CONCEPT)
sonality sliders ig;ck yg&Sdw,f/ ]jzpf
uwwfqef;} eJY ]oyfoyf&yf&yf}? ]&Su&f UHG
tdrfwGif;ykef;} eJY ] jrL;<utjyifxGuf}
ponfjzifh taetxm;awGtMum; wpf
ae&m&m a&G;,lzdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ oifh Sim &JU
neatnik udk tqHk;wifvkdufjyD qdkyg
awmh/ t&mtm;vH;k tcsdew f idk ;f oefY&iS ;f
oyf&yfrI r&S&d if tjrJrjywf u*su D a*smif
usaeawmhrSmyJ/
The Sims 3 rSm xdk personality
sliders awG tjyD;wdi k f z,f&mS ; okwo f if
jyD; rSeu f efatmif jyifvu dk wf ,f/ Traits
system eJY tpm;xdk;xm;w,f/ oifh
Sim &JUidentity udk xlaxmifzYkd&m uGjJ ym;
aom teHYt&om tac:ta0: 80 rQ
&Sdaom tusifhp½dkufawG &Sdvmygw,f/
Sim wpfaumifpDtwGuf Traits
ig;ck a&G;,lvdkY&w,f/ wcsKdUwavom
wpfckeJYwpfck wpfjydKifwnf; oHk;r& jzpf
wmyg/ ("good" and "evil") tqHk;r&Sd
vkeD;eD; trsKd;rsKd;aom personalities
awG zefw;D vdYk &vmw,f/ tcsKUd u tjyK
trlqdkif&mawG "inappropriate" vdk
rsKd;/ oihf Sim u tjcm; Sims awGeJY
½dkif;pkdif;pGmaom qufqHrI jzpfapw,f/
usew f mawGuawmh ydjk yD; r[mAsL[mus
wJh gameplay modifiers "genius" vdk
[mrsK;d rSm oifu todÓPfprG ;f &nf&jyD;
128 uGefysLwm*sme,f
WELCOME HOME
Bistro- 'Dae&mrsK;d awGu udprö sm;pGmtwGuf toH;k
awmfcHr,f/ pm;aomuf? vlrIoif;yif; pkqHkcsdef;awGY?
pmtkyfawG ydkíjrefjrefzwfEkdifapw,f/ tcsuftjyKwv f rf;aMumif;vku
d &f iftvkyvf yk Ef idk w
f ,f/
Traits u Sims &JU ywf0ef;usif
tay: cHpm;csufawGudk wkduf½dkuf ouf
a&mufw,f/ olu tjyifxGuf&wm
rke;f &if olYukd ig;rQm;xGucf idk ;f wkid ;f pdwf
roufromjzpfr,f/ Sim u &Sufwwf
wJh pmMurf;ydk;jzpf&if pmtkyfawG trsm;
MuD; zwfckdif;jyD; olYtvkyfrSm wkd;wuf
apr,f/ 'grSr[kwf [if;csufpGrf;&nf
wufvmatmif vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/
oifh Sim wpfaumifwnf;ruyg?
'D*drf;urÇmxJu Sim wpfaumifcsif;pD Park- jrKd w U iG ;f jyify tyef;ajz a&; A[dXk me/ Sims
rSm Traits awG&w dS ,f/ 'gaMumifh ykid q f idk f awG[m olwdkY&JU tvkyfrsm;aom b0rS xGufí
aeylpmvHEI idk fw,f/ajzavQmt h em;,l/aysmyf pJG m;xGu/f
&m traits tvkduf tjcm; Sims awGeJY
"Loves Outdoors" trait &So d al wG csucf si;f aysmf
social wnfaqmuf? wHYkjyef qufo, G zf Ykd &Tiaf pvdrrhf ,f/
b,fenf;vkyf&r,f? rSef;qazmfxkwfzdkY
&mu Sims 3 &JU gameplay wpfpdwf
wpfyidk ;f jzpfvmw,f/ topfwpfa,muf
awGYw,f qdyk gawmh/ olwYkd ukd qGaJ qmif
wm bmvJvdkY tcsdefay; avhvm&r,f/
[mojyufvHk;awG ajymMunfh/ olwdkYrSm
[moÓPf&v dS m;/ pl;prf;/ &,fcsif &,f
r,f/ r&,fcsif r&,fbl;/ oli,fcsif;
jzpfcsif jzpfvmr,f/ xGufoGm;vdkY ajym
&if ajymr,f/ Clothing Store- "rabbit hole" taqmufttHk
2009 ckESpfrS xGufrSmrkdY tawmf erlemwpfc/k oif&h UJ sim u twGi;f ykid ;f xd 0ifa&muf avQmuf oGm;
MuD; apmifh&p&mawmh &Sdygw,f/ rnf r[kwyf g/ Building tay: uvpfEydS jf y;D wHjYk yefquf oG,rf I
awGvyk u
f m t0wf tpm;awG 0,f,&l w,f/ oifh Sims u oif
owfrwS fay;wJt h wkid ;f 0wfqifumjyefxu G vf mr,f/
 (CONCEPT)

The Sims 3 &JU ZmwdjrKd U topf Pleasant Valley u MuKd qakd eyg
w,f/ a&SUaemuf nDnGwfrIeJY zGifhxm;aom urÇmay;xm;wJhjrdKU?
pwif upm;r,fh b,folrqdk xdkwlnDaom character awG
wlnaD om ae&mawGrmS yJ aeMuwmudk awG&Y r,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DjrKd U
zGJYxm;yHk? character awGeJY vmr,fh rsKd;quftm;vHk;odkY jzpfysuf
r,fht&mawGuawmh oifhvufxJrSmyJ vHk;vHk;usa&mufae
w,f/ t&if The Sims version awGrmS u wu,f touf0if
ta&;ygwJh? tcsdef qdkwm wu,f&SdwJht&mu oifh&JUukd,fykdif
Bookstore- oif&h UJ SimsawG[m olwu Ykd ,
dk o
f w
l Ykd Sim om jzpfw,fqw kd m owd&vku d yf g/ ae&mopfukd oGm;w,f
azsmfajzzdkY? b0eJY tvkyftukdif wkd;jr§ifhzdkY &m skills qdw k mu oD;jcm; unit wpfck load ac:wifvu dk jf cif;omjzpfw,f/
opfawG oif,lzdkY partt ime job &zdkYawmif 'Dudk tquftpyfrJh discrete unit rSm tcsdefu usefwJhol tm;vHk;
vmEkid w
f ,f/ twGuf &yfaer,f/ ('gaMumifh The Sims 2 rSm rMumcPqdk
ovdk oifu oifhrdbxuf ydktdkaewm awGY&Ekdifw,f/) The
Sims 3 rSmawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfawmhjyD/ oifh&JU Sims tdrfrSvrf;
avQmufxGuu f m tjcm; Sims awG? taqmufttHkawG? tdrfeD;
em;csif;awGqD real time jrifuGif;tpOfrysuf vnfywfoGm;
vmvdkY &w,f/ oifh ab;ywfvnfu urÇm[m ajymif;vJjzpf
xGef;vsuf &Sdr,f/ oifu oifhb0vrf;twkdif; a&SUqufae&if;
ZmwfaumifawG[mvnf; olwdkYb0twkdif; aexkdifMu?
vufxyfMu? MuD;jyif;aoqHk;Mu jzpfaevdrfhr,f/ jyD; oif vkyf
orQ jyKral qmif&Gucf suw f idk ;f [m jrKd w
U pfew
H pfvsm; odraf rGY aom
*,ufviId f; ripple effect ½dkufcwfí rsKd;qufrsm;pGm&JU b0awG
tay: oufa&mufrI &Syd gw,f/
'DjrdKUudk wnfaqmuf&mrSm 'DZkdifemawGtwGuf cufcJwJhtykdif;u
upm;olawGtaeeJY odyf[kefvGef;? ½IyfaxG;vGef;jcif; rjzpfapbJ
pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfatmif vHkavmufpGm MuD;rm;zdkY jzpfw,f/
'DZkdifemukd,fwkdiftwGufyg code zGJY azmfaqmif& ½IyfaxG;vGef;
raeatmifaygh/ pOD;tkdif'D,mtjzpf MuD;rm;wJh jrdKUjyeJY pwif
pdwful;cJhMuao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufcHqufwif tjzpfom
xnfhoGif;jcif;utvkyfrjzpfaMumif;odvmw,fwJh/ taqmuf
ttHk 100 &SdwJhtxJrSm 25 ckeJYom wHkYjyefqufoG,fEkdifwJhtcg
pdwfysufoGm;Mur,f/ 'gaMumifh Pleasant Valley rSm&SdorQ
taqmufttHktm;vHk; vnfywfoGm;vmjyD; wHkYjyefqufoG,f
vkdY&atmif vkyfxm;w,f/ b,fvdkyHkpH twdtus xGufrvJqdk
wmawmh tajctaetay: rlwnfw,f/ tESpfcsKyfajym&&if
ae&ma'oawGudk us,fjyefYwJh trsKd;tpm; ESpfckcGJxm;w,f/
Sim 0ifa&muf aysmufuG,foGm;jyD; vkdufrMunfhEkdifwJh rabbit
holes eJYtjcm; Sims awG &SdjyD; pkqHkqufoG,f&m venues awG
jzpfw,f/ jrdKU[m user eJY azmfxkwfol teams ukd,fEdIuf\ jyif
Science Lab- Science tvkyt f ukid f vkyrf ,fo
h al wGtwGuf qifzefwD;rIrsm;eJY tcsdefeJYtrQ us,fjyefYMuD;xGm;r,f/ ae&m
aetdrf? olYtaMumif; odyfrod&ao;ayr,fh olYem;u a&uefrS a'oawG? wpfurÇmvk;H e,fy,fawGukd tcsed ef t JY rQ ydík euf½iId ;f
ig;awGudk oifpm;vdkrSmr[kwfaMumif; azmfxkwfoltzGJYu ajym us,fjyefYEkdifpGrf;&Sdatmif 'DZkdif;jyKxm;w,f/Expansion packs
xm;w,f/ awG rsm;pGmxGufvmr,f/

ar? 2008 129

 tJ'D TPS tpD&ifcpH m
b,frSmvJ/ Punk aumifawG igh
[mor&S/d wif;usyw f hJrefae*sm 'D jrufcif;ay:u xGufoGm;Mu/
Sims rSmygwJh traits vu©Pm
awGu workaholic, Per- jrnf w G e f a wmuf w D ; wwf w J h
fectionist, Unforgiving, bGm;atMu;D yg0ifwhJ traits ig;cku
Paranoid, Light Sleeper Grumpy (pdwfwdkwwfol) ?
olu
Y kd &,fatmifjyKH ; atmifvyk zf Ykd Gloomy (okefrIefylaqG;)? Fam-
awmfawmfcufvdrrhf ,f/ ily Oriented, Worrywart
(pdwyf w
l wf)? Frugal (pdppfo)l

aemufwpfyJG xyfupm;&
atmif
Traits awGu Dreamer,
Friendly ,Easily, Bored,
Slob (zdkoDzwfoD bkwfxkdif;)
eJYM ooch (vwfvsm; vwf
vsm;) Gaming r*¾Zif;rSm vkyyf kH
yJ/
cGyv
f u
dk fMupdo
Yk il ,fcsi;f
oGm;prf;uGm
'Daumifav;rSm ol rMudKufwJh*drf;
ol&Y rUJ aumif;wJhpdwx
f m;twGuf
r&Sd/ ol rMudKufwJh tazsmf,rum
atmufyg Traits ig;ckudk
r&S/d 'Dvjkd zpfatmifvyk af y;wJh traits
tjypfwifyg/ Hot headed
ig;cku Athletic ,Flirt (ya&m
(aoG;ql) Artistic, Rude,
y&nfjynfwnfwnf) Partier
Childish, Cursed (qJqdk
(ygwyD rJG ufo)l Pizza Lover, In
wwf)/
appropriate (rqDavsmf)

130 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 a[;-trd/ ukd,fhudk MunfhygOD;/
vufacsmif;awG ao ewfypfovdk vkyx f m;jy;D aumif;bdKG iOf ;D xkyaf qmif;
xm;wmeJY qd;k w,fvrYkd xifvu kd ef /YJ ta&;taMumif;MuKH &if oifu
aumif;u,fr,f/ a&&Snf tm;rxm;&wm wpfckyJ/ Traits ig;cku
Charismastic (ESpv
f zkd ,G )f Commitment Issues (wm0ef,l ajz&Si;f
ay;wwfol) Natural Cook, Outdoors person, Brave.
b,fol wpfckck
aomufcsifovJ/
csppf &maumif;w,f/ prwfus w,f/
tazmfrifazmfa&Gw,f/ Traits awG
u Conversationalist (pum;ajym
aumif;)? Good Sense of Humor
([moÓPf&Sd)? Handy (aygif;
oif;& tqifajy)?Neat, Fortu-
nate.
h kd u,f
The Fourth Wall
pwkwe¬ &H H qkw d Jh tac:ta0: tok;H tEIe;f wpfck &Sw d ,f/
jyZmwfawG Munfw h tJh cg a&Sw U nfw h nfh eH&?H ab;ESpzf uf
eH&EH pS cf k pkpak ygi;f ok;H ck&rdS ,f/ olw&Ydk JU aemufcH
qufwiftvkduf o½kyfazmfwifquf&m? Zmwfvrf;
jzpfysu&f m urÇmwpfc/k tJ'u D rÇmuae y&dowfbuf
rsuEf mS rlwb Jh uf[m pwkwe¦ &H aH yg/h olwUdk Zmwfvrf;eJY olwUdk
oGm;aewkef; Zmwfaumifwpfaumifu y&dowfukd wkduf½kduf
qufoG,fpum;ajymwJhtcg jzpfjzpf? y&dowfu
pifay:wufvmjyD; ZmwfaumifeJY wkHYjyefqufoG,f&ifyJjzpfjzpf
xkd fourth wall usK;d ayguw f ,f/ Zmwfvrf;pOftay: pdwf
epfarsmyg ,kMH unfrI make believe usK;d ayguw f ,f/
t&om ysuo f Gm;w,fayg/h 'gayr,fh wpfcgwpfav wrif
oufouf csK;d azmufum u vluspD ,fwmrsK;d &Sw d ,f/ Never
Say Never Again *srd ;f pfbGe;f ½ky&f iS t f qk;H owfrmS rif;om;
a&SmifuGeef &Du y&dowfudk vSr;f jy;D rsupf ypfjyw,fav/
olwZYdk mwfvrf; jzpfysu&f mukd Munfah ewJh y&dowfawG
&Sw
d ,fqw dk m ol owdxm;rd od&w dS ,fayg/h
The Sims 3 rSm xkd fourth wall ukd csK;d azmufum Sims
uspD ,fvYdk &w,f/ Sim wpfaumifudk pmtkyw f pftyk uf dk
tdyf&may:xm;cJhrdr,f/ upm;olu trSwfrJh aumuf,ljyD;
pmtkyfpifay: oGm;xm;r,f/ [rf;pwm; avSmiftdrf
&Si;f ay;ovkad yg/h tjyifu omrefvl qk&d ifawmh obm0vGef
o&Jwapä wefc;dk &Siv f m; ½l;oGyt f al Mumif jzpfoGm;p&myJ/ Sim
awGtwGuaf wmh hand of God, cursor of God tjzpf
b,fvkdwefckd;&Sifvnf;vkdY oifhukd owdxm;rdvmwJh
t&mrsKd; jyvm&if &TifjrL;p&maumif;ygvdrfhr,f/

a&Sv
U arQmf !
oif b,favmufxd MuD;us,f crf;em;csifygovJ/ b,favmufxd
MuD;us,fcrf;em;vdkY&r,f xifxm;ygovJ/ a&tdkifi,fav;xJrSm
jrifu&mwpGypf yG pf m; ig;Mu;D wpfaumifavmufeYJ auseyfaervm;/ &GmrSm
emrpaw; awmh Muufz? vlrsK;d EG,pf ak v;tay: Adv k vf yk zf su
H s½eHk YJ [kwv
f jS yx
D ifae
twGif;ydkif;jidrf;csrf;rI? wnfjidrf
ovm;/ ,Ofaus;rI tzGt UJ pnf;Mu;D wpfcvk ;kH xGe;f um;wd;k wufatmif
at;aq;aom pdwf oabmxm;/ vkyfay;&wm tqHk;pGefyJvdkY rSwfxm;ovm;/ aemufqHk; pMu0VmMuD;
Traits awGu Vegan (ouf wpfckvHk; jzefYusufMuD;pdk;OD;rvm;/ xkdtcg oif[m zefqif;&Siftqifh
owfvw G )f ? Good (pdwaf umif; a&mufomG ;rvm;/ 'gawGtm;vH;k r[marmfueG ;f epic umv&Snf awGU
&S)d Green Thumb (vufqw d f MuKH jzwfoef;rIay;r,fh t&m/ 'DEpS af ESmif;ydik ;f a&mufvmr,fq&kd if oif
&Sd), Neat ,Outdoors per-
son. ,HkEdkifrvm;/ oifhudk Intelligent Designer jzpfcGifhay;r,fh Sim
Everything Game . . . ?
Microco Sim
Will Wright &JU awmfvSefazmufxGufaom Sim
xkwfukefrsKd;EG,fpk[m *drfrmawGudk tqHk;owf &nf
rSef;csufrJhpGm oJyHk;jzifh vdkovdkupm;EkdifwJh pdefac:rI
rsKd; ay;cJhw,f/ ,ck q,fpkESpfESpfck &SdcJhjyD/ pD;&D;&JU qifh
uJjzpfpOfvrf;aMumif;rSm *drfrmrsm;tm; ZkefcGJjcm;
xm;jcif;? ZD0t0ef;t0kdif; biosphere wdkY\ ta&;
SimCity (1989)- olYacwftcgu Sim
MuD;yHk? tdrfomysufpD;rIudk oifhawmfpGm tcsdefZ,m;
City eJw
Y w
l hJ t&mrsK;d r&Scd hJ bl;/ ppfa&;rsuEf mS pm
qGJ jyifqif&ef vdkyHkrsm; oifMum;ay;cJhw,f/ ta&; 'grSr[kwf tqHk;owfr&SdwJh strategy game
tMuD;qHk; Sim *drf;tcsKdUudk jyefMunfh&if &nfrSef; jzpfw,f/ Wright &JU zefw;D rIrmS ½d;k pif;aom &nf SimCity : Societies (2007)- trnf
csuMf u;D wJh pau;t&G,t f pm;oabmeJY tHah vmuf rSef;csufav;wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ tvkyfvkyfjyD; twkid ;f yJ Sim City scope e,fy,feYJ qifwhJ ½I
p&m qifwrl I tcsKUd awG&Y rSm jzpfw,f/ (functioning) olYbmom wnfwHh&Sifoef axmift h jrifrS wifjyw,f/ 'gayr,fh The Sims
(self-sustaining) wJh jrKd w U nfaqmufz&Ykd m yg/ awG&UJ vlrv I yI &f mS ;ajymif;vJrI social dynamics
'gayr,fh *½kwpkduf pDrHcefYcGJrI? &J&ifhaom udk tm½Hkpkdufw,f/ jrdKU twGif; ZkeftoD;oD;
prf;oyfrIeJY a&SUMudKpOf;pm;EkdifpGrf;vdkw,f/ tjrJ ae&mcsjcif;u taESmifht,Sufjzpfapwwfw,f/
rjywf [efcsufxdef;csdefnd§ae&jcif; jzpfw,f/ City zone zGjYH zKd ;a&;u aexki do f al wG&UJ &Sio
f ef
udef;&Siftm;vHk;twGif; e*kdyg ab;tEÅ&m,f wuf <urItay: ½du k cf wfrrI sm; &Sad ew,f/
tvm;tvmawG &Sad evdyYk g yJ/ vH;k 0 jy;D jynfph akH om
o[ZmwjzpfrI qkcsD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&ifcH&r,f/ 'grS
r[kwf ½kwfw&uf tajymif;tvJav;wpfckeJY
Sim Ant (1991)- ½ky0f w¬Kpau;t& awG; wif oif&h UJ civic economy u jyif;xefpmG qifh
Munfrh ,fq&kd if Sim Ant u pD;&D;&JU ti,fq;kH uJjyKd vrJ I jzpfaumif; jzpf oGm;Ekid w
f ,f/
tcef;yJ/ rlv Sim City eJY upm;yHk trsm;pk wlnD
w,f/vlom;rsm;aexkid o f vdyk Jyk&u G q
f w
d f udvk kd
eDawG[m trsK;d rsK;d aom twGi;f tjyif ya,m*
factors rsm;pGm oufa&mufc&H wJh pka0;xm;
aom vlrt I 0ef;t0kid ;f oku
d jf rKH jzpfygw,f/ tJ'u
D
ae Munf&h if olwu Ykd vlawGvkdyJ/

132 uGefysLwm*sme,f

Sim City 3000 (1999)- Sim City &JU
'kw, d ajrmuf tppftrSefaemufqufwJGsequel
*dr;f &JUe,fy,f scopeudktawmfMu;D csUJxm;w,f/
Sim City 2000 wkef;u jrdKUaygif; rsm;pGm pDrH
ukid w f , G zf Ykd vdt
k yfcsuf rdwq f ufchJ w,f/ 3000
rSmawmh *drrf mawGtaejzifh e,fajr a'owpfck
vH;k yhuJ idk x
f ed ;f ausmif;zdYk ae&mcsxm;cH &w,f/ jrKd U
'gZifaygi;f rsm;pGm Mu;D xGm; wd;k wufzYkvrf d ;nTe&f jy;D
olw&Ykd UJqufqaH &; qufE, T cf surf sm; tjrrJ jywf
csed n
f a§d y;ae&r,f/
The Sims (2000)- Wright [m The Sims
udk ol&Y UJ a&St
U pOftqufeYJ twefi,fjcm;em; pGm zefw;D
cJw
h ,f/ ppfreS af om tao; pm;pau; oGiw f jl yKrIsimu-
lation jzpfygw,f/ SimAnt jzifh rwlpGm The Sims
rSm upm;oltaeeJYqifajczH;k &yfuu G af exkid o f l rdom;pk
0if wpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf wm0ef&Sdw,f/ tajccH
taqmufttHkZkecf jJG cm;jcif;eJY]trsm;jynfolo,f,lydYk
aqmifa&; bwf*sucf sxm;rI} rsm;tpm; ]qmavmifr}I
eJY ]qD;0rf; udp}ö vdk t&mrsK;d pDraH y;&w,f/ 'gawmifryS J
Sim wpfO;D csi;f pD[m ydMk u;D wJh vlrt I zGt JY pnf;&JU wpf
pdww f pfyidk ;f tjzpf trsm;Mu;D xJx0J if0if yg0if aer,f/
vly*k K¾d vMf um; qufqaH &;udkpDru H idk w
f , G &f jcif; u Sim
wpfO;D &JU yk*v ¾ u
d aysm&f iT rf &I UJ ta&;Mu;D aom tykid ;f jzpf
w,f/ upm;ol&UJ pdwyf idk ;f qkid &f m uk, d &f nf ud, k af oG;
twGuf pdw0f ifpm;p&m litmus test vdv k nf; jzpfw,f/
trsK;d rsK;d aom &,fp&m &ufpufrI humorous cruelty
rvGwEf idk af om jcpH nf;½d;k 0uFyg? toefMY uKd uw f ,fqw
aumifrS 0ufjcHxJ ypfxm;jcif;rsm; prf;oyfjyKvkyfcGifh
ay;wJhtwGuf jzpfw,f/ tjcm;t&mrsm;eJYtwl
rdom;pkwGi;f vIy&f mS ;jzpfysurf I family dynamics eJY
tvkyt f ay: pdwaf useyfrI job satisfaction rsm;yg
awmh ygyg&/UJ 'gayr,fh trsm;pku cruelty jzpfae w,f/
Simearth (1990)- Sim City tjy;D pD;&D;&JU
aemuft"duajcvSr;f u ykjd y;D Mu;D Mu;D vkyzf Udk trsm;
Mu;D ukd Mu;D zk/Ud wu,fu wpfurÇmvk;H txdMu;D zk/Yd
Sim City u ûrUd jytpDtrHtwGuf oifcef;pm
wpfck jzpfcsed rf mS Sim Earth u urÇmvk;H qkid &f m
a*[pepfwpfcv k ;Hk ukd rk'd ,fypHk ûH yw,f/ a&SuU
*dr;f awGxuf taumiftxnfrhJ oabmt,l
ykq
d efw,f/ Sim Earth u simulation ge-
ner rSm r[marmfueG ;f tqifph au;ukduk,
w,f/
kd hJ
Spore (2008)- xGuaf wmhrxGuaf o;bl;/ pufwifbmvdYk
awmh ajymaeMuwmyJ/ tajccHtm;jzifh Sim pMu 0Vm&JU r[m
aygi;f pnf;rI oDt&kd D Grand Unifying Theory jzpfvmr,f/
yxrwke;f u Sim Everything vdt Yk rnfay;cJo h vm;/ awG;
xif&w,f/ 'g[m Spore&JUo½kyo f uefukdtwdtus azmfjyae
wmyJ/ Sims udkausmfwufr,fh "greatest hits" jzpfvm
rvm;/rku d u
f ½dpk ukyt f &G,f ouf&rdS S *vufZt D ESjYH zefMY uufaom
,Of aus;rItzGt YJ pnf;txdeYJ Mum;tqift h m;vH;k yg&w dS ,f/
wif;usyaf om simulation uenf;enf;? pdwf MuKd uf jyif qif
wGJpyf,ljcif;? usyef;jzpfjcif;eJY y&rf;ywmxJupepf fractal
chaos ursm;rsm; jzpfvrd rhf ,f/ *drrf moef;aygi;f rsm;pGmrS olw&Ykd UJ
zefw;D rIawGut kd jcm;olawG&UJ universeodYkykaYd qmif&mrS tusK;d
&v'fjzpfvmjcif;yg/ynma&;buf yd, k rd ;f avrvm;bJ/
d pf m;ûy
Raid on Bungeling Bay (1984)-Sim
universe &JU tajctjrpfudk 'Dtwefi,f a00g;wJh
strategy game rSmawGYEkdifw,f/ upm;olu
raumif;qk;d 0g; Bungeling empire udk a0[ifrS
wkud cf u
dk &f jy;D ajrjyiftajcpku d f pcef; awGA;kH Mu&J w,f/
'@m&Dvdkvdktqdkt&awmh Bungeling tajccH
taqmufttHak wGukd armif;ESiaf om atmufcH si-
mulation u *dr;f &JU wku d yf GJrsuEf mS pmxuf ydjk y;D pdwf
0ifpm;p&maumif; aMumif; Wrightu awG&Y cdS hJ&w,f
wJ/h bmrQrvkyb f J vTwaf y;xm;Munfv h udk &f if &efol
awGu ydík xda&mufaom ppfa&;tiftm;pk wjznf;
jznf;csi;f wnfaqmufvmEkid rf ,f/ Wright u *dr;f &JU
'D rjrifomaom rsuEf mS pmudk jy;D jynfph akH om civic
simulator odkY yHkoGif ajymif;ay;vkdufw,f/ Sim
City arG;zGm;vmygawmh w,f/
ar? 2008 133
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
'Dvjzwfvrf;enf;rSm "mwfyHkabmifxJu azmufxGufae tqifh «2»
wJh ½kyyf kH effect jyKvkyyf kH azmfjyay;ygr,f/ vIy&f mS ;rI oabmudk ,ck "mwfyHkabmifxJu azmufxGufvdkwJh ½kyfyHktwdkif;
tm;aumif;pGm cHpm;&apw,f/ selection a&G;zdYk vw
kd ,f/ 'Dupd rö mS awmh uav;pD; um;a&SUydik ;f
eJY bD;tydkif;awG jzpfygw,f/ tckawmh magnetic lasso eJY
tqifh «1» polygonal lasso tools awG oHk;xm;w,f/ Quick mask
oihf&JU½kyfyHkudk zGihfjyD; Ctrl + J ESdyfí background layer 'grSr[kwf selection plug-ins awGvnf; oHk;Edkifw,f/
udk copy yGm;yg/
tqifh «3»
Selection udk layer topfodkY Ctrl+J eJY copy ul;wif
yg/ 'D Layer u tjcm; Layer tm;vHk;txufrSm &Sd&r,f/

tqifh «4»
t"du ½kyfyHk Layer rSm Custom Shape Tool eJY "mwfyHk
abmifwpfck aygif;xnfyh g/ 'DrmS awmh cyf½;kd ½d;k yJ tjzLa&mifuyG f
xm;w,f/ Rectangle yHk qGJjyD; stroke ay;xm;wmyg/

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh «7»
tqifh «5» abmifeJY ½kyfyHkudk merge vkyfvdkY&jyD/ abmifrSm xk&SdwJhyHk
Layer palette u cvkwu f kd ESyd jf yD; Layer topf jyKvkyf aygufatmif Bevel and Emboss Layer style ay;yg/
yg/ Rectangular Marquee Tool eJY abmifwpfcq k yJG g/ Edit
> Stroke odkY oGm;jyD; 25 pixel tjzLa&mifeJY "mwfyHkabmif
jyKvkyfyg/

tqifh «6»
,ck abmiftjyifbufu background udk a&G;yg/
t"du ½kyfyHk layer udk ouf0ifapjyD; delete vkyfyg/

ar? 2008 135

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tqifh «8»
yHkrSeftm;jzifhawmh xdyfqHk; Layer u selection [m
½kyfyHkeJY udkufnDwm rsm;w,f/ tjyD;owf enf;enf; oay;½HkeJY w½kwfEdkifiHwGif
effect yHkay:vmr,f/ upm;MunfhzdkY&mwpfcku shadow jzpf
ygw,f/ Intel \ &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS rI sm;

Intel taeeJY w½kwfjynf&JU cspfyfxkwfvkyfa&;eJY

IT enf;ynmvkyfief;&yfrsm;rSm aiG&if;aiGEDS; a':vm
oef; 500 jr§KyfESH cJhw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'g[m 'kwd,
tMudrfajrmufjzpfjyD; Intel Capital China Technology
Fund II acgif;pOfeJY &if;EDS;jr§KyfESHwm jzpfygw,f/
tqdkyg &if;EDS;jr§yfESHrIrsm;udk 2007 ckESpftukefrSm
tqifh «9» tjyD;owf xnfh0ifcJhygw,f/ ¤if;wGif MudK;rJh
Layer aemufwpfckvkyfjyD; tjymazsmhazsmh aemufcHeJY &H broadband eJY w,fvDzkef; qufoG,fa&;tygt0if
vdkufygao;w,f/ rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm; yg0ifygw,f/ t"dutaeeJY w½kwf
ukrÜPDESpfckrSm yg0if xnfh0ifjcif;jzpfjyD; ¤if;ukrÜPDwdkY
onf LAN tajccH tGefvdkif;*drf;rsm;udk xkwfvTifhay;
aewJh Holdfast Online Technology eJY w,fvDaA;&Sif;?
AD'D,dkvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaewJh Newauto Video
Technology wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ ¤if;ukrÜPDESpfckrSm
topf &if;EDS;jr§KyfEHSjcif;jzpfjyD; aiG&if;aiGEDS; rnfrQpD
xnfh0ifxm;w,fqdkwmudkawmh raMunmcJhyg/
Intel taeeJY 2005 ckESpfu aiGt&if;tEDS; a':vm
oef; 200 jr§KyfEHScJhbl;ygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf Intel &JU
aiGaMu; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;[m w½kwfjynf&JU
IT enf;ynm wdk;wufa&;rSm taxmuftul
jzpfapcJhw,fvdkY ynm&Sifrsm;u qdkygw,f/
tqifh «10» IDG News Service
a'gufeJY axmufxm;wJh "mwfyHkabmifoabm&atmif 8-{jy-D 2008 tifwmeufowif;/
free transform tool oH;k jyD; upm;MunfE
h ikd yf gw,f/ ¤if; "mwf
yHkabmiftwGuf t&dyfxnfhxm;wm owdjyKyg/

136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 Word Annoyance

pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem
tcef; (3) tykid ;f (2)
Find and Replace oGm;aponf/ aemufvmrnfh a0g[m&udk wpfMudrf xyfr&H mS &ef
Find and Replace udk tvsiftjref vkyfukdifjcif; twGuf dialog box udk rSDjirf;rIr&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
Annoyance
tvkyfvkyfaecsdef\ tcsdefwpf0ufcefYrSm Find and Re- vuf wkYd t nTe;f
place dialog box udk zGifhae&onfESifh ukefvGefoGm;&onf/ Modeless dialog box wpfckonf application twGif;
a0g[m&udk &Sm,l&onf/ jyD;vQif dialog box udk ydw&f onf/ qufvufvkyfudkifaepOf tcsdeftwGif; screen ay:wGif
a0g[m&udk ppfaq;jyD; vdktyfaom wnf;jzwfrIudk vkyfjyD; qufvufzGifhxm;ay;aom enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ Dialog
dialog box udk jyefzGifh&jyefonf/ aemufwpfckudk &Sm&jyef box trsm;pkonf Modal jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ap-
onf/ acR;xGufvmvdkuf rsufESmopfvkdufESifh tvkyfvkyfae& plication twGi;f rnfonfv
h yk u
f idk rf u
I rkd qdk rvkyu
f idk Ef idk rf D
ouJhodkY Mudrfzefxyfxyf vkyfaqmifae&onf/ vG,fulonfh xkwfay;vsuf&Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
enf;vrf;udk toHk;csvdkonf/
'kw, d tcsurf mS search wpfcu k kd vkyaf qmif,al omtcg
Word rS browse objects udk pDpOfay;vku d o
f nf/ (,ck tcef;
u@ aemufykdif;wGif Browse Objects ESifh vrf;nTefjcif;
acgif;pOfjzifh &Sif;vif;wifjyay;ygrnf/) Figure 3-10 wGif
jrifawGY&ouJhodkY Next [lonfh cvkwfudkESdyfum aemufxyf
&SmazGrnfht&mudk vkyfaqmif,lvkdufonfh oabmobm0
jzpfonf/ jyD;cJhonfh a0g[m&ESifh ywfoufí MunfhvdkvQif
Previous [lonfh cvkwfudk ESdyf,l&onf/ xkdodkY jrefjrefqef
qef vkyfonfukdyif auseyfrI r&Sdao;ygu Ctrl + Page
Down udkESdyf&if; a&SUqufoGm;EkdifouJhodkY Ctrl + Page Up
udk ESdyf&if; aemufjyefoGm;Ekdifygao;onf/

Fix Replace twGuf Styles rsm;ESihf Formatting rsm;

&Ekdifygonf/ yxrtcsufrSm Find and Replace
dialog box rSm modeless jzpfaomaMumifh dialog box ukd
rydwaf omfvnf; rdrd document udk wnf;jzwf,El idk yf gonf/
rdrt
d vd&k o
dS nft
h wdik f vkyaf qmif&efonf dialog box ukd roH;k
onfhenf;vrf;yifjzpfonf/ roHk;jcif;tm;jzifh tcsdefoufom
Annoyance
vkyfukdifaepOfjzpfap? odrf;qnf;xm;&eftwGufjzpfap
manual jzifh vkyfukdifEkdifap&ef tvdkYiSm standard template
wpfck &Syd gonf/ avmavmq,f toH;k jyK&onfrmS tqifajy
vSygonf/ odkYaomf ,cktcg wjcm;toHk;csyHkpHwpfckrS rdrd\

ar? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
template udk ¤if;wdkY\ templates oHk;ckrS documents rsm;
twGuf tranete vkyf&ef vdktyfvmygonf/
Fix
VBA qdkonfudk odxm;cJhvQif trsm;pkudk jrefjrefqef
qef ajymif;vJa&;om;Ekdifygonf/ tu,fí VBA udk rod
cJhygvQif rdrdtaejzifh Find and Replace udk toHk;cs&if;
rdrd template rS oufqkdif&m styles rsm;jzifh zefwD;ajymif;vJ
,lEkdifygao;onf/
Style wpfckrS tjcm; style wpfckodkY tpm;xkd;vkyfukdif
&ef
1/ rdrdajymif;vJvdkonfh styles rsm;ESifh ajymif;vJvdkonfh
t&mrsm;udk column ESpfckcGJí pm&if;wpfck jyKvkyfyg/
pm&Gufay:wGif tMurf;jyKpkEkdifouJhodkY Word table
ay:rSmvnf; a&;qGJ,lEkdifonf/
2/ tjcm; ukrÜPDoHk; template wpfckay:wGif wnfaqmuf
xm;onfh rdrd document udk zGifh,lyg/
3/ Tools ukda&G;í Template ESifh Add-in odkYoGm;um At-
tach button udkESdyfyg/ rdrd\ukrÜPD standard manual
template udk xyfESdyfyg/ ¤if;wGif&Sd "Automatically
update" document style box check trSwftom;
jyay;vkdufjyD; OK udk ESdyfvkduf&onf/
4/ Edit rS Replace a&G;í (odkYr[kwf Ctrl + H udkESdyf)
Find and Replace dialog box \ Replace tab udk
ac:,lyg/
5/ tu,fí "Find What" box wGif text rsm; yg&Sad eygu
Delete jzifh z,fxkwfypf&rnf/
6/ dialog box wGif Search Options section ryg0ifcv hJ Qif
More button ukd Click vkyf,lyg/
7/ Find what box \ atmufwGif formatting vkyf&ef
tao;pdwf ay;xm;csuf wpfpHkwpf&m&SdcJhvQif z,fxkwf
&eftwGuf No formatting cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf&onf/
8/ Format udk click vkyfum style udk shortcut menu rS
138 uGefysLwm*sme,f
a&G;,lvudk o
f nfth cg figure 3.11 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJo h Ykd
find style dialog box ay:vmygvdrfhrnf/ tpm;xdk;vdk
onfh style udk click vkyuf OK udk ESyd af y;vku
d &f onf/
Figure 3-11
Find and Replace rS document wpfcv k ;kH style wpfcrk S
tjcm; style wpfco
k Ykd tvG,q
f ;kH enf;jzifh ajymif;vJay;&ef
aqmif&u
G af y;onf/
9/ "Replace With" box udka&G;&ef Tab ukd ESyd yf g/ tu,fí
box wGif text rsm;yg0ifaeygu Delete ukd ESdyfyg/ ¤if;
atmufwGif format vkyf&ef tao;pdwf azmfjycsuf
wpfckck&SdaecJhygu ¤if;wdkYudk z,fxkwf&ef No Format-
ting cvkwfudk click vkyfay;&onf/
10/ Replace Style dialog box cif;jy&eftwGuf shortcut
menu rS Format cvkwu f kd click vkyjf yD; style udk a&G;ay;
vkduf&onf/ ¤if;rS vkdufavsmnDaxGjzpfaprnfh style
udk a&G;jyD; OK cvkwfudk ESdyfay;&onf/
11/ "Replace with" box atmuf&Sd style ESifhtwl "Find
What" box atmufwGif&Sdaom instances rsm;udk tpm;
xdk;Ekdif&ef Replace All cvkwfudk click vkyf&onf/
12/ Next search style ESifh next replacement style ukd
a&G;jyD; jyefvnf ae&mcsxm;rIudk xyfrHvkyf,lyg/ rdrd
tpm;xd;k &ef qE´&o dS rQudk ¤if;jzifh styles rsm; qufvuf
wnf&Sdae&ef jyKvkyf&onf/
Smart-Quotes jzifh Dumb Quotes udk tpm;xk;d jcif;
Annoyance
rdrd wm0efcHwpfOD;OD;u ¤if;wkdY\ wifjycsufrsm;udk tD;

ar;vfESifhtwlwGJí Word document taejzifh ydkYvTwf&ef
&nf&, G cf MhJ uonf/ odYk aomfvnf; trsm;pkrmS tD;ar;vftwGi;f
rSmyif wifjycsufrsm;udk wkduf½dkuf xnfhoGif;avh&SdMuonf/
tcsKdUwifjycsufawGu tvGefwdkawmif;aeonf/ rdrdtaejzifh
rnfodkYyifjzpfap tD;ar;vfrS text rsm;udk Word twGif; ul;
xnfhEkdifcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif tD;ar;vfwGif smart quotes
jzifh wefqmqifxm;apvdkygonf/
Fix
Tool rSwpfqifh AutoCorrect okdY oGm;jcif;jzifh &&Sdvm
aom Auto Correct dialog box \ Auto Format As You
Type ay:&Sd smart quotes box ESifhtwl&Sdaeaom Straight
quotes udk toH;k jyKEki
d &f efay;xm;jyD;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk a&G;cs,f
aumuf,ljyD; Replace udk toHk;csjcif;jzifh tqdkyg quotes
tm;vHk;udk ajymif;vJ,lEkdifonf/ rdrd document xJodkY text
rsm; tm;vHk;ul;xnfhjyD; Edit udk ESdyfjyD; Replace (odkYr[kwf
Ctrl + H) udkoGm;um replace operations ESpfckudk wif,l
aponf/ yxrOD;pGm with ukd tpm;xd;k í 'kw, d tm;jzifv h nf;
with udk tpm;xdk;,l&onf/ xkdtcg Word onf tvdk
tavsmuf rdrdtwGuf smart quotes wGif xnfhxm;jyD; jzpf
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
Subscript wpfckjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;
Annoyance
Word onf pum;vHk;wpfvHk;twGif;rS Sub odkYr[kwf
super scripted character wpfcktwGuf search and re-
place udr
k oH;k Ekid yf g/ Oyrmtm;jzifh SO2 udk SO2 tjzpf tpm;
xd;k xm;&Svd jkd cif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf pum;vH;k wpfcv
k ;kH udk xyf
nTef;jyK½Hkom jzpfonf/ enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m pmwrf;wpfckudk
wnf;jzwfawmhrnfqdkygu ,if;udpöonf pdwftaESmifh
t,Sufjzpfp&m jzpfae&awmhonf/
Fix
rSefygonf/ Find and Replace jzifh wkduf½dkuf vkyfukdif
Ekdifjcif;r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm "Replace with" text twGuf
rdrtd aejzifh format jyKvky&f ef jy|mef;owfrw
S cf v
hJ Qif ¤if;onf
text tm;vHk;udk toHk;cs,lvkdufrnfomjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
jzpfEkdifp&mwpfcsufawmh &Sdygonf/ Clipboard \ controls
rsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;ay;Ekdifonf/ xkdodkYvkyf&ef rdrd document
twGif;rS rdrdtvdk&Sdaom text udk axmuf0ifí Ctrl+C jzifh
ul;,lvkdufyg/ Find and Replace udk cif;jyay;&ef Ctrl +
H udkEdSyfjyD; "Find What" box twGif;odkY search text ukd
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
½dkufoGif;um "Replace with" box wGif ^ C udk ½du k o f iG ;f yg/
Word onf Clipboard \ contents rsm;ESifhtwl tpm;
vnf; xnfhxm;aMumif; awGY&ygvdrfhrnf/
wpfzef replace operations ESpfckjzifh toHk;csEkdifygao;
onf/ vkycf sux f nfrh nfh text udk oD;jcm; cGx
J w
k &f efEiS hf ajymif;
vJvkdufjzpfonf/ tqdkyg vkyfief;pOfjzifhvnf; SO2 rS SO2
odkY tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJay;Ekdifygonf/ yxr replace op-
eration rSm SO uGif;pufrsm;jzifh SO2 udk tpm;xdk;,lonfh
"2" twGuf instances 2 rS "2" udk oD;jcm;cGjJ rifomG ;aponf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh SOxx 2xx jzpfonf/ 'kwd, replace opera-
tions rSm subscript "2" jzifh xx2xx ukd tpm;xdk;ay;vkduf
jcif;jzpfonf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
tcef; (*) wGif Complex Formatting ESifhtwl Find
and Replace rS aqmif&GufyHkudk tao;pdwf azmfjyay;yg
rnf/ xkduJhodkY tpm;xdk;½dkufoGif;rIudk macro wpfckjzifh
toHk;cs,lrnfjzpfonf/
Two- Step Replace wpfck aqmif&Gufjcif;
Annoyance
Bovine Super Defibnillator qdo
k nfh rdrw
d Ykd xkwv
f yk f
aom ypönf;wGuf &nfnTef;csufaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmESihftwl
pmrsufESm 500 cefY&Sd document wpfckudk jyKpkxm;&Sdonf/
&Hzef&Hcg Super Defibrillaton [kom ac:qdkavh &SdMuonf/
tdwftaejzifh tm;vHk;udk wnDwnGwfwnf; Bovine Su-
per Defibrillatior [k ajymif;,lvkdufaomtcg Bovine Su-
per Defibrillator [k jzpfoGm;onf/
Fix
¤if;wkdYudk Boins Danins Super Defibrillation jzifh
azmfjyay;Ekdif&ef Replace All wpfckudk toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/
Character jzpfap? Digit jzpfap? Letter jzpfap &SmazG
jcif ;
Annoyance
Find and Replace onf uGJjym; jcm;em;aom prod-
ucts codes rsm; twGJvkdufudk tnTef;jyKí ppfaq;&ef vdktyf
csufudk rjznfhqnf;ay;EkdifcJhyg/ CP 408 rSjzpfí CQ 917 qD
odkYtxd codes rsm; &Sdaeygonf/ ¤if;udk &SmazG&ef C udk
ar? 2008 139
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
nTevf udk &f m document wpfcv
k ;kH rS capitial C qdo
k nfh pmvH;k
wkdif;udk ajymif;oGm;apawmhonf/ enf;vrf;aumif;wpfck
tvdk&Sdaeygonf/

Fix
vkyf,lEkdifrnfhenf;vrf; 2 ck &Sdygonf/ tvG,fqHk;enf;
vrf;rSm C^ $ ^# ^ # ^ # twGuf search vkyf&ef jzpfonf/
¤if;onf C rS aemufxyf tu©&mwpfvHk;ESifh digit oHk;vHk;udk
&SmazGvdrfhrnf/ pyg,f&S,f tcsuftvufrsm;udk &SmazG&mwGif Figure 3-12
Tab 3-1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh codes rsm;udk toH;k jyKEki
d o
f nf/ Find and
Figure 3-12 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Find and Re- Replace dialog
place dialog box twGif;rS Special button udk click vkyí f box twGi;f rS pyg,&f ,S f pop-up menu u special items
xnfhoGif;,lEkdifonf/ xdktcsdefwGif "Use wildcards" box rsm;wGif code xnho f iG ;f &mwGif tvG,u
f q
l ;kH enf;vrf;udk
wGif uncheck trSwftom; jzpfae&ygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;wdkYudk yHyh ;kd xm;&So
d nf/
½dkufoGif;jcif;jzifh ydkí jrefqefrI&Sdonf/
Firstname Lastname ajymif;vJjcif; acgif;pOfjzifh tao;
Table - 3-1 pdwf azmfjyay;ygonf/
Code Meaning
^p A paragraph mark Document wpfckrS pmydk'ftvGwfrsm; cGmcRwfjcif;
^t A tab
^? Any single character (letter or number). For
Annoyance
example, ^p^t^? finds any character preceded by pmyk'd w
f pfcq
k ;kH wkid ;f hard return ESpcf ?k acgif;pD;wpfcpk jD yD;
a tab that appears after a paragraph mark.
^# Any digit. For example, ^p^# finds a paragraph
wkdif; hard returns oHk;ckESifh acgif;pD;rwkdifrD hard return
that starts with a number. av;ckwdkY xnfh,ljcif;udk rdwfaqG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ESpf
^$ Any single letter (not a digit).
^^ A craet (the single caret is used to identify other
oufMuonf/ tqdkyg style onf tcsdefydkukefaMumif; ajym
codes). Mum;rdonf/ Enter key udk tMudrMf udrEf ydS jf yD; vky&f onf'h u k ©
^% A section character (§).
^V A paragraph character (¶-not a paragraph mark.)
u uif;a0;Ekid v f Qif ydík aumif;rnf[k xifjrif,q l rdygonf/
^n A column break.
^+ An em dash(-) Fix
^= An en dash( ).
^e An endnote mark. ¤if;udk tvG,fwul jyKjyif,lEkdifygonf/ Edit rS Re-
^d A field place odkYoGm;jyD; "Find what" box twGif; ^P ^P udk vnf;
^f A footnote mark.
^g A graphic. aumif;? Replace with twGif; ^P udkvnf;aumif; ½dkuf
^l A manual line break. oGif;í Replace All button udk click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/
^m A manual page break.
^~ A nonbreaking hyphen. Word rS rdrdu rnfrQtxd replacement rsm; vkyfxm;jyD;
^- An optional hyphen. jzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajymMum;onfhtcg rSefuefrI&Sdygu OK
^s A nonbreaking space.
^b A section break. cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf&onf/ xdkYaemuf Replace All button
^w Whitespace (one or more spaces, one or more udk wpfMudrf jyefEydS af y;yg/ ¤if;rS hard returns rsm;udk avQmhcs
tabs, or a combination of the two).
ay;vku d of nf/ Hard returns av;ckrS oH;k ckoYkd vnf;aumif;?
tjcm;enf;vrf;rSm regular expression odkYr[kwf text hard returns oHk;ck&Sdaomt&mrS ESpfckodkY vnf;aumif;? hard
ESifh wildcards twGJrsm;udk toHk;jyK&efjzpfonf/ Use returns ESpfckygaomtpHkrS wpfcktjzpfodkYvnf;aumif; toD;
Wildcards udk check trSwftom;jyKjyD; C [P_Q] udk Find oD; a&muf&SdoGm;aponf/ 'kwd,tMudrf xyfrH avQmhcsonfh
what box twGi;f xnfo h iG ;f yg/ xkYd aemuf Find Next cvkwf tcgwGifvnf; wpfqifhpD xyfrHavsmhusoGm;apygonf/
udk Click vky&f rnf/ (¤if;ESiyhf wfoufí þoifcef;pmwGiyf if quf v uf a zmf j yygOD ; rnf /

140 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

0if;'dk;Apfpwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA

tydkif; (2) tcef; (8)

Composing and sending an e-mail

yxrqHk; tD;ar;vfudk ydkYvTwf&ef tqifhoifhjzpfjyDavm? rdrd e-
mail account ESifhtwl Windows Mail wGif set up vkyfxm;jyD;aemuf
tDvufx&GefepftD;ar;vfvufcHyHk;xJodkY a&mufoGm;onftxd atmufyg
tqifhrsm;jzifh aqmif&Guf,l&onf/

1/ Windows Mail udk zGifhí y½dk*&rf\ menu rS Mail Icon udk click
vkyaf y;ygonf/
Create Mail Icon udk rjrifawGU&onf&Sdaomf File
menu udk click vkyí
f new udk a&G;um Mail Message
udk aumuf,lvdkuf&onf/ Figure 8.3 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY New
Message 0if;'kd;av; ay:xGufvmygvdrhfrnf/

Figure 8-3 Create Mail cvkwu f kd click vkyjf y;D tD;ar;vftwGuf

vrf;nTerf EI iS hf ay;ydrYk rI sm; jyKvyk &f ef 0if;'k;d av;wpfck ay:vmaponf/

ar? 2008 141

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Account wpfcx k ufyí dk set up vkyx
f m;cJvh Qif jyD;cJah om
tcef;u azmfjycJo h uJoh Ykd Windows Mail u tvkt d avsmuf
qkdovdk rdrd\ default account ESifhtwl vdyfrl ay;ydkYyg
vdrhfrnf/ omreftm;jzifh Windows Mail twGif; yxrqHk;
e-mail account zefwD;xm;csufudkom toHk;jyKavh&Sdonf/
tjcm; e-mail accounts xJrS wpfckudk toHk;jyKí mail udk
ydYk vw
T &f ef From box twGi;f atmufoYkd jrm;twkid ;f csjyaom
pm&if;rS wpfckudk a&G;cs,f click vkyf&onf/
rdrd\ contact folder twGif;&Sd wpfOD;wpfa,muf
qDodkY e-mail tjrefykdYvTwf&ef tqkdygtrnfudk
right-click ES d y f j yD ; Action ud k a&G ; um Send
E-mail udk ESy d af y;vku
d &f onf/ Windows Mail rS vdyrf al om
oltwGuf zGifh,lvkdufjyD; tqifhwpfcktwGuf save vkyfay;
vdkufygonf/
2/ To box twGi;f odYk rdrrd wd af qG\ e-mail address udk ½du
k f
oGi;f ,lyg/
ay;ykdY&ef &nf&G,fol\ e-mail address udk
To box wGif ½dkufoGif;&onf odkYr[kwf To
button udk click vkyfjyD; address udk ½dkuf&onf/ rdrd\
Contacts folder twGif;&Sd pm&if;yg trnfrsm;rS rdrd\
rdwfaqGtrnfudk click vkyfjyD; To button udk ESdyfum
aemufqHk; OK udk ESdyfvdkuf½Hkom jzpfonf/
Message wpfckudk oufqkdif&myk*d¾Kvf awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;xHodkY ykdYvdkonfqkdMuygpkdY/ Bcc
button udk click vkyfjcif;jzifh privacy &SdoGm;aponf/
wpfO;D pD&UJ e-mail address awGukd uG,0f u S x
f m;jyD; ta&muf
ay;ydkYaponfhyHkpH jzpfonf/ (tu,fí Bcc button r&Sd
jzpfaecJv
h Qif e-mail \ View menu udk ESyd jf yD; All Headers
udk a&G;cs,fay;vkduf&onf/)
wpfOD;pDcsif; e-mail address awGudk vlwkdif;
jrifawGUapvdkvQif Cc button av;udk ESdyfjyD;
rdrdtvdk&Sdaom trnfudk a&G;cs,fazmfjyay;Ekdifonf/
3/ Subject box twGi;f jznfyh g/
Optional wpfc[k k ,lq&ayrnfh vufcrH nfoh t
l aejzifh
t"dutaMumif;&if;udk od&Sdapvdkaomtm;jzifh subject udk
xnhfoGif;azmfjyavh&SdMuonf/ tD;ar;vfvufcHpm&if;wGif
taMumif;t&m rlwnfjyD; a&G;cs,f,lonfhtcg ydkrdkvG,ful
oGm;apygonf/
142 uGefysLwm*sme,f
4/ tMu;D qH;k box Mu;D twGi;f owif;ay;ydcYk suu
f kd ½du
k o
f iG ;f yg/
rdrd ay;ydkYvkdonfh taMumif;tcsuftm;vHk;udk &Snfvdko
avmuf &Snfvsm;pGmjzifh ½dkufoGif;a&;om;Ekdifonf/ tuefY
towfqkd&mwGif text file wpfckvHk;\ t&G,ftpm;omvQif
jzpfonf/
5/ rdr\ d message ESit hf wlwv JG suf file wpfck xnhaf y;vdo k nf
qkdMuygpdk/Y Drag and drop vkyfum message ay:odkY tqkdyg
file tm; wifay;vku d yf g/ odrYk [kwf paper clip yHpk jH yK icon av;udk
click vkyjf y;D yl;wGvJ odk nfh file udk vrf;nTejf yay;yg/ tqkyd g file
\trnfukd double-click vkyaf y;vdu k of nfEiS hf message ESihf
twl yl;wGJyg&o dS Gm;ygvrd rfh nf/
ISPs trsm;pktaejzifh ay;ydYk onfh files tm; 5MB xuf
rausmfvGefap&ef [efYwm;xm;avh &Sdonf/ MP3 files ESifh
'pf*spfw,f"mwfyHkrsm; wGJvsufxnhfygu file t&G,ftpm;
ydkMuD;Ekdifonf/
6/ box \ xdyyf ikd ;f b,fbufaxmifrh S Send button udk click
vky, f yl g/
Windows Mail u rdrd\ modem udk dials
vkyfaeoHudk Mum;&rnf/ vkdtyfvQif rdrd\
message \ cavmufoHudk tifwmeufydkufvdkif;udk jzwfjyD;
rdrrd wd af qG\ mailbox qDoYkd csucf si;f a&mufomG ;apEdik o
f nf/
þtcsuf internet connection \ speed ay: rlwnfyg
onf/ wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh tqkdyg mail onf 15 puúefY
twGif; a&mufoGm;apEkdifonf/ tu,fí internet connec-
tion nHz h sif;ygu 5 &uftxd MumjrifEh idk yf gonf/ tifwmeuf
vdkif;obm0tay: rlwnfjyD; ysrf;rQoabmt& rdepfydkif;
twGif; a&muff&SdEkdifonf[kom rSwf,l&ygvdrfhrnf/
Reading a received e-mail
tifwmeufudk zGifhxm;vsuf rdrdonf Windows Mail
udk vnfywfvIyf&Sm;aeapygu pmopfwpfck a&mufvmwkdif;
odEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ a&muf&SdvmaMumif; uGefysLwmrS hiccup
ao;ao;av;jzifh azmfjyay;vdrrhf nf/ rdrd desktop \ atmuf
ajc nmbuf clock ab;wGif Windows Mail Icon ao;ao;
xm;jcif;jzifhvnf; csufcsif; odEkdifonf/
Windows Mail vnfywfvy I &f mS ;rIr&Spd OfwiG f mail
topf a&mufra&muf ppfaq;&eftwGuf Start
menu rSwpfqifh y½d*k &rfukd wif,yl g/ wifjyD;aom
tcg Send/Receive button udk click vkyf,lyg/ Windows

Mail rS tifwmeufudk Logs on vkyfjyD; ay;ydkYonfhpmrsm;
&Sdygu xGufoGm;apjyD; 0ifvmonhfpmrsm;udk Inbox xJ xnhf
ay;ygvdrhfrnf/
Inbox twGi;f a&muf&adS eaompmrsm; zwf½&
I ef atmufyg
vkyfief;pOfrsm;twkdif; aqmif&Guf,l&onf/
1/ Windows Mail udk zGiíhf Inbox udk Munhyf g/
Windows Mail udk rnfodkY setup vkyfxm;onftay:
rlwnfí rdrdtaejzifh enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh tqifhvdkuf vkyf
udkif ,lEkdifonf/ rdrd\ Inbox twGif;rS rzwf&ao;onfh
mail rsm;udk opening screen wpfckwGif jrifawGUcJhvQif
rzwfEkdif&eftwGuf Unread Mail qkdonfh pmvHk;udk click
vkyfvkduf&onf/ odkYr[kwf Windows Mail \ b,fbuf
jcrf;wGif folder rsm; azmfjycsufrS Inbox qkdonfh pmvHk;udk
click vkyfay;&onf/
rnfodkYaomenf;jzifh jzpfap Windows Mail rS Inbox
twGif;rsm;? messages rsm;taMumif; jyoay;ygonf/ Fig-
ure 8.4 wGif jrifawGU&ouJhodkY yHkpHtaetxm;jzifh azmfjyay;
onf/ Subject wpfckpDudk pm&if;jzifh xkwfxm;jyD; aemufqHk;
a&mufvmonfh mail onf tay:qHk;wGif &Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/
Figure 8-4 Windows Mail twGif;&Sd Inbox qkdonfh
pmvHk;udk click vkyf,lum topfa&muf&Sdvmonfh mes-
sages rsm;udk zwf½EI idk o
f nf/
rdrdtaejzifh topfvGifqHk; tD;ar;vfudk atmufqHk;wGif
&Sdaeaprnfh pm&if;wpfckjzifh pDpOfxm;&Sdvkdonf qkdygpdkY/ Re-
ceived column xdyfqHk;wGif &Sdaeaom Received qkdonfh
pmvHk;udk click vkyfvdkufyg/ Windows Mail onf jyefvnf
&SmazGjyKpk&if; topfvGifqHk;pmudk atmufqHk;wGif xm;ay;yg
vdrrfh nf/ (Subject tvku d jf zpfap? ay;ydYk o\
l trnfZ,m;jzifh
jzpfap a&G;cs,fpDpOf jyKpkEkdifygao;onf/ ¤if;wdkY\ column-
header rsm; click vkyfjcif;jzifh &&SdoGm;Ekdifygvdrhfrnf/)
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Inbox, Deleted Item ESifh Drafts folder rsm;enf;wl
Figure 8-4 wGif jrifawGU&onft h wkid ;f rdrd rzwf½&I ao;onfh
messages rsm;twGuf folder rsm;udk boldface type jzifh
ay:vmrnf jzpfonf/ tqkdyg messages rsm;udk zwf½IjyD;
vku
d o
f nfEiS hf folder trnfrsm;onf yHrk eS tf aetxm;twkid ;f
jyefajymif;oGm;onf/
2/ rnfonfh message udk rqkd zwf½Ivdkygu subject col-
umn udk click vky, f yl g/
rnfonfh message udkrqkd click vkyfvkdufonfESifh
Windows Mail rS screen \atmufydkif;twGif; contents
ae&mwGif zGichf sjyvduk o f jzifh Figure 8-5 wGif jrifawGU&ovkd
zwf½I&ef toifhtaetxm; &SdoGm;aponf/ Message wpfck
vHk;udk udk,fydkif0if;'kd;vfav;xJwGif jrifawGUvkdcJhvQif ¤if;udk
double-click vkyfay;vdkuf&onf/
3/ Windows Mail onf rdrdtwGuf options awmfawmf
rsm;rsm; xm;&Sad y;yHu
k kd atmufygpm&if;twkid ;f wpfcpk D zwf½,
I yl g/
You can do nothing - Message onf rdrd\ Inbox
folder twGif; setup yHkpH½dk;½dk;jzifh ry,fysufrcsif; wnf&Sdae
aponf/
You can respond to the message -
Windows Mail \ xdyfydkif;wGif &Sdaeaom
Reply icon udk click vkyv
f u
kd yf gu 0if;'k;d topfav; ay:vm
jyD; jyefMum;onf/ Message ½dkuf&eftwGuf tqifoifh
jzpfomG ;aponf/ tqkyd g0if;'k;d wGif vufcrH nfo
h \
l trnfEiS hf
subject udk MudwifjyifqifvQif ay:xGufvmrnf jzpfonf/
rlv message tao;pdwfukd atmufajc&Sd message {&d,m
wGifvnf; azmfjyay;xm;vdrhfrnf/
You can file the message - Message udk right-
click vkyfí Move to Folder odkYr[kwf Copy to folder udk
a&G;cs,f,lyg/ xGufay:vmaom dialog box rS vdktyfonfh
folder udk a&G;jyD; OK udk ESdyfvkduf&onf/ odkYr[kwf drag
and drop pepfjzifh screen \ b,fbufjcrf;odkY ajymif;a&TU
xm;&SdEkdifonf/
You can print the message - Menu \ xdyfydkif;rS
Print icon udk click vkyfvdkufyg/ Windows Mail u
y&ifwmqDoYkd puúLjzifh ½du
k Ef ydS af y;Ekid &f ef ay;ydYk ay;ygvdrrfh nf/
ar? 2008 143
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
You can delete the message - Delete button udk
ESdyfjcif;tm;jzifh tqkdyg message onf Delete Item folder
twGif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;aponf/ tqdkyg message onf
Delete Item folder udk right-click ESy
d jf yD; Empty ''Deleted
Items" folder udk ra&G;cs,frcsif; wnf&Sdaernf/ tvdk
tavsmuf y,fzsufjcif;pepfudk vdkvm;ygu Tools odkY oGm;
Options udk a&G;jyD; Advanced tab udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/
¤if;rS Maintenance udk click vkyuf m Deleted Items Folder
\ Exit ay:rS Empty Message qkdonfh tcsufudk a&G;ay;
xm;vdkuf&onf/
Staying Safe Through It All
tifwmeufqkdonfrSm vHkjcHKpdwfcs&rI r&Sday/ tcsKdUonf
aemufq;kH ay: Windows vulnerabilities udk tusK;d &S&d dS toH;k
csap&ef web sites rsm;udk 'DZikd ;f jyKvkyx
f m;avh &So
d nf/ xkod Ykd
aom udprö sKd;twGuf Microsoft taejzifh wdusaom tum
tuG,f ay;xm;jcif; r&Sdao;ay/ odkYtwGuf ,cktcef;u@
wGif Internet Explorer \ safety feature tcsKdUudk aqG;aEG;
wifjyay;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/ xdYk twl tifwmeufukd vrf;nTef
ay;aomtcg vHjk cHKpdwcf somG ;vmEkid af &; vufwYdktnTe;f rsm;udk
vnf; od&SdcGifh &oGm;apygvdrhfrnf/
Figure 8-5 Message contents awGukd Munh½f &I ef mes-
sage \ subject vdik ;f udk click vkyaf y;&onf/
Avoiding evil add-ons and hijackers
Microsoft rS y½dk*&rfrsm;twGuf features tykdrsm;udk
add-ons udk jzwfí xnho f iG ;f ,lEidk af p&ef Internet Explorer
udk 'DZkdif;jyKxm;cJhonf/ Toolbar rsm;? stock tickers rsm;ESifh
program launchers rsm; ygaom add-ons wpfckudk xnhf
oGif;,ljcif;jzifh Internet Explorer udk ydkí tvkyfvkyfEkdifpGrf;
jznhfqnf;ay;aponf/ tvm;wlpGmyif sites awmfawmfrsm;
rsm;onf Active X udk toHk;jyKonf/ Active X qkdonfrSm
Web site wpfckudk ydkí qGJaqmifrI aumif;aponfh anima-
144 uGefysLwm*sme,f
tion ESifh flashy rsm; xnhfoGif;,lrnfh y½dk*&rfao;ao;av;
twGuf ac:a0:oHk;pGJay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
uHraumif;vSpmG jzifh oabmxm;rrSeaf om y½d*k &rfrsm;rS
add-ons ESihf Active-X y½d*k &rfrsm;udk zefw;D ,lMuawmhonf/
tcsKdUaom add-ons wkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk spy
vkyfEkdifouJhodkY screen ay:wGif tydkapmif; aMumfjimrsm;udk
AHk;MuJovkd MuJcswkdufcdkuf,lMuonf/ tqkd;0g;qHk; oif;uGJ
aeonfh renegade add-ons rsm;onf rdrd\cGifhjyKcsufr&Sd
vsuf rdrd\ Web site odkY ukd,fwkdif install vkyf 0ifa&muf
vmwwfjcif;yif jzpfonf/
0if;'kd;ApfpwmwGif tqkdyg 'ku©ay;vmolrsm;tm; jyef
vnfwkdufcH&ef vufeufud&d,mrsm; xkwfay;xm;ygonf/
yxrqHk;taejzifh rdrduGefysLwmay:odkY acsmif;ajrmif;&ef
MudK;pm;vmoltm; Internet Explorer u tvsiftjref
ydwq f Ydkay;onf/ Figure 8-6 wGif jrifawGU&ouJo h Ykd Internet
Explorer \ xdyfydkif;wGif uefYvefYjzwfí owday;pm wif
vTwf jyoay;onf/ ¤if;owday;csufukd click vkyv f ukd v
f Qif
Figure 8-7 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY options rsm; cif;jyay;
onf/
Figure 8-6 Internet Explorer rSm y½dk*&rfudk ydwfqkdY
ay;onf/
Figure 8-7 owday;pmwef;rS option qDoYkd jyqkad y;onf/
0rf;enf;zG,f&m taMumif;tcsufrSm Internet Ex-
plorer taejzifh download taumif;tqdk;udk
a0cJGajymMum;ay;jcif; r&Sdum rdrdtwGuf qHk;jzwf
Ekdif&efom xm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap Figure 8-6
wGif awGUjrif&ouJo h Ykd message udk jrifawGYcv
hJ Qif download
rvkyfrd&ef ta&;MuD;onf/ rdrdukd 'ku©ay;vmawmhrnfh t&dyf
ta,mifjzpfonf/ y½d*k &rfukd download rvkyrf &d efEiS hf Active
X control install vky& f ef ta&;MuD;onf/
rnfodkYaom tajctaersKd;wGifjzpfap qkd;0g;aom add-
ons wpfcku acsmif;í wGm;0ifvmcJhvQif rdrdtwGuf vHk;0
uHqkd;rkd;arSmifMujyD[k owfrSwf,l&awmhrnf/ Internet Ex-

plorer \ Add-on Manager rSm vkyfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdaom tajc
taeudk ydkYay;vkdufonf/ Internet Explorer twGif; in-
stall vkyfxm;aom y½kd*&rftm;vHk;udk Munhf½I&ef atmufyg
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk vkyfaqmif,l&ygrnf/
1/ Internet Explorer \ Tool menu rS
Manage Add-ons udk a&G;yg/ xkaYd emuf pop-
up menu rS Enable odkYr[kwf Disable Add-ons udk a&G;
ay;yg/
Find More Add-ons tm; rSm;,Gi;f ra&G;cs,r f &d ef ta&;
MuD;onf/ ¤if;rS Microsoft pwkd;odkY ac:um aps;EIef;MuD;jrifh
aom add-ons rsm;udk a&mif;cs&ef MudK;pm;awmhonf/
Figure 8-8 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY Manage Add-
ons ay:xGufvmonf/ vuf&SdtukefvHk;jzpfapjyD;cJhonfh
add-ons jzpfap jrifawGUapouJhodkY cGifhjyKcsufr&Sdaom add-
ons vnfywfrIrsm;udkyg awGUEkdifonf/ xkdYtjyif download
vkyfcJhonfh Active X udkyg jrifawGUapygonf/ ¤if;aMumifh
rMumcP 'ku©awGUwwfonf/
2/ rdrt d m; 'kua© y;aeaom Add-on udk click vkyíf Disable
udk a&G;,lyg/
Manage Add-ons Windows \ xdyq f ;kH wGi&f adS eaom
Show drop-down box ukd click vkyfum Add-ons trsKd;
tpm; av;rsKd;udk jrifawGUaponf/ tjcm;trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk
vnf; a&G;í add-ons pm&if;yg twef;tpm;udk Munhf&rnf/
rvkt d yfaom toolbar odYk r[kwf qk;d 0g;aom y½d*k &rftvkyu f kd
spot xm;cJhvQif rdrdtaejzifh armif;xkwf&ef tcGifhtvrf; &
oGm;jyD jzpfonf/
3/ rvkdvm;aom add-on wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf xkdvkyfief;pOf
twkid ;f vkyjf y;D OK udk ESyd yf g/
xda&mufaom ajymif;vJrI&Sdap&ef Internet Explorer
udk jyefvnfpwif&ef vdkaumif; vdktyfaernf jzpfonf/
Add-ons wdkif; qkd;onf r[kwfay/ aumif;aom
add-on jzifh ½kyf&Sifrsm; MunhfEkdifonf/ aw;*Dw
rsm; em;qifEkdifonf/ odkYr[kwf Web site wpfck
ay:rS special contant udk Munhf½IEkdifonf/ omreftajc
taersKd;jzifh add-on wpfckudk z,fxkwf rypfoifhay/ Add-
on Manager twGi;f pm&if;jzifh jyKpkxm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
atmufygvufwYdktnTe;f rsm;udk rSw, f x
l m;jcif;jzifh add-
ons ESihf Add-on Manager udk udi k w
f ,
G f aqmif&uG Ef idk o
f nf/
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Figure-8-8 Internet Explorer \ Manage Add-ons
0if;'d;k onf rdrx
d nho
f Gm;xm;cJah om add-ons tm;vHk;udk jyifEidk f
apouJhodkY rdrdrMudKufESpfoufí z,fxkwfonfh add-ons
udkvnf; jrifawGUEkdifonf/
Ä jzpfacgifhjzpfcJ page wpfckudk loading vkyfr&atmif
add-ons wpfcku umuG,faejcif;twGuf add-on \
trnfudk 'kwd,vkyfief;pOfjzifh click vkyfyg/ xkdYaemuf
tvkyfvkyfae&modkY jyefa&muf&ef Enable button udk
ESdyfvdkufyg/
Ä Internet Explorer \ Add-on Manager onf add-
ons rsm; tvG,fwul wm;qD;ay;onf/ odkYaomf rdrd
taejzifh qkd;aomt&mudk twdtus odaecJhygu Dis-
able Button tpm; Delete Active X button udk ESdyf,l
jcif;jzifh vHk;0 z,fxkwfjyD; jzpfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
Ä tqkd;xJu taumif; add-ons rsm; &Sdaeygao;onf/
twdtus ajymEkdifonfh taetxm;awmh r&Sday/
taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;aumif;Ekd;Ekd; a&G;cs,fjcif;xuf
vHk;0a&SmifMuOfjcif;yif jzpfonf/
Ä Internet Explorer \ umuG,fa&;tajctae aumif;
raumif; avhvm,lyg/ Tool menu rS Pop-up Blocker
udk a&G;cs,fMunhfEkdifonf/ tqkdyg pop-up menu wGif
Turn Off Pop-Up Blocker udk jrifcJhvQif jynfhpHkjyD;
tqifhjrifhaejyD jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwfu Turn On Pop-
Up Blocker udk jrif&vQif tqkdyg feature onf
ydwjf yD;om; jzpfaeonf/ aemufoYkd jyefomG ;í vkyaf qmif
&efom &Sdonf/
qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
ar? 2008 145
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Creating Background Matter in Illustrator &

using title designer

,ckoifcef;pmwGif Illustrator xJwGif yef;yGihfyHkrsm;

zefwD;jyD; premiere ESifh wGJzufí vIyf&Sm;rIwpfckudk jyKvkyf
oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
1/ Adobe Illustrator xJodkY 0ifyg/
2/ File>New udk a&G;yg/ New document dialog box rS
size wGif 800 x 600 ESifh color mode wGif RGB udk
a&G;ay;yg/

6/ Polygon yHkudk select vkyfxm;csdefwGif filter> Dis-

tort> Pucker & Bloat udk a&G;yg/ Pucker wefzdk;udk
100 % xm;í OK wGif click ESyd yf g/ yef;yGiyfh kH &&Sv
d myg
vdrhfrnf/
7/ yef;yGihfyHkudk fill rD;cdk;a&mifa&G;í strok color udk No
color xm;ay;yg/ Tool box xJrS oval tool udk a&G;í
yef;yGifh tv,fwGif qGJay;yg/ File> Save udk a&G;í
flower emrnfjzifh odrf;ay;yg/
3/ Toolbox xJrS Polygon tool udk a&G;yg/
4/ pmrsufESmtv,fodkY Mouse pointer udk a&G;í click
wpfcsufESdyfyg/ Polygon dialog box udk jrifawGU&yg
r,f/
5/ dialog box xJwGif radius 100 pt ESifh sider udk 8
xm;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/

146 uGefysLwm*sme,f

8/ tqihf 1 rS 7 twdik ;f vkyaf qmifí yHyk gtwdik ;f yef;yGiyfh kH
rsm; zefwD;ay;yg/ t&G,ftpm; tMuD;? tao;ESifh
ta&mifrsm;udk rD;cdk;a&mif tazsmh? t&ihf? teufa&mif
rsm;udk oihaf wmfovdk zefw;D ay;yg/ Flowers.ai emrnf
jzifh odrf;ay;yg/
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
rSwcf su/f / Clip speed/ Duration dialogbox xJwGif Link
icon udk jzKwfxm;ay;yg/
14/ Video 1 track &Sd flower.ai file ay:wGif click ESyd af y;yg/
Keyboard rS Home key ESdyfí Editline udk tpodkY
a&T U xm;ay;yg/ Window> Effect Controls ud k
a&G;ay;yg/ Motion pmom;ab;&Sd arrow wGif click
ESdyfay;yg/
15/ Scale pmom;ab;&Sd Toggle animation button wGif
click ESdyfí keyframe xnfhay;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 0
½kdufxnfhay;yg/ Opacity wGifvnf; click ESdyfí
keyframe xnfhí opacity wefzdk;udk 100 xm;ay;yg/

9/ Adobe premiere pro xJoYkd 0ifí project topfwpfck

,lay;yg/
10/ Windows> Workspace> Editing udk a&G;yg/
11/ File> Import udk a&G;yg/ Import dialogbox xJrS
flower.ai ESihf flowers.ai file udk select vkyí
f ac:xnfh
ay;yg/
12/ Flower.ai file udk video 1 track ESifh flowers.ai file
udk video 2 track xJodkY qGJxnfhay;yg/
16/ End key ESyd í
f flower.ai file &JU aemufukd Edit line udk
13/ Video 1 track xJ&Sd flower.ai ay:wGif right click a&TUay;yg/ Effect Controls box xJrS scale wefzdk;udk
ESdyfí speed/Duration udk a&G;ay;yg/ usvmaom 300 ESifh opacity wefzdk;udk 0 ½dkufxnfhay;yg/ Key-
dialog box xJrS Duration wGif 1000 ½du k x f nfíh OK frame rsm; Auto xnfhay;oGm;ygrnf/ Play button
wGif click ESyd yf g/ 10 puúeYf pm owfrw
S v
f ukd wf m jzpfyg
w,f/ Video 2 rS Flowers.ai yHkudkvnf; txufyg
twdkif; owfrSwfay;yg/

ar? 2008 147

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
ESyd í
f preview Munfah y;yg/ yef;yGiyfh kH ao;&mrS MuD;oGm; The Color Values for RGB Colors
jyD; wjznf;jznf; aysmufoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
Color Red Value Greenvalue Blue Value
17/ Window> Effects udk a&G;yg/ Video Effects> Dis-
Black 0 0 0
tort> Bend effect udk a&G;í video 2 track xJ&Sd
flowers.ai file ay:odkY qGJxnfhay;yg/ Play button Green 0 255 0
ESdyfí preview Munhfay;yg/ yef;yGihfrsm; vIyf&Sm;rIudk Red 255 0 0
jrifawGU&ygrnf/ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tao;pdwf toHk;jyK
Blue 0 0 255
vdkygu effect controls tab xJrS Bend effect xJrS
setup button wGif click ESdyfí toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ Cyan 0 255 255
Magenta 255 0 255
Yellow 255 255 0
White 255 255 255

19/ T yHkpH Text tool udk a&G;í area xJwGif click ESdyfí
MudKufESpfouf&m pmaMumif;rsm;udk Enter ESpfcsufpD
acgufí ½dkufay;yg/ Screen wpfckpm ausmfatmif
½dkufay;yg/ pm½dkufjyD;vQif atmufajc style box xJrS
text style rsm;udk a&G;cs,f toHk;jyKay;yg/ jyD;vQif
tay: Title Type xJrS Roll udk a&G;ay;yg/ Text style
rsm;udk a&G;cs,f toHk;jyKay;yg/ atmufrS tay:odkY
pmwef; xdk;csifí jzpfygw,f/ ab;b,fnm toHk;jyK
csifvQif crawl udk a&G;ay;yg/

18/ qufvuffí yef;yGihfvIyf&Sm;rIay:wGif pmwef;rsm; wuf

vmyHkudk qufvufjyKvkyfygr,f/ File> New> Title
udk a&G;yg/ Title window usvmaomtcgwGif b,f
buf tool box xJrS text tool udk a&G;í pm½dkuf&rSm
jzpfjyD;? nmbuf object style box xJwGif tao;pdwf
a&G;cs,ftoH;k jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Style rsm;udk vdo k vdk
toH;k jyKEdik jf yD; ta&mifrsm; toH;k jyK&mwGif RGB ta&mif
udkom toHk;jyKay;yg/ CMYK ta&mifrsm;udk print- 20/ pmom;udk select vkyfxm;csdefwGif Title> Roll/Crawl
ing ydkif;rsm;wGifom toHk;jyKay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ options udk a&G;yg/ Roll / Crawl options box xJrS
ta&mifwpfckcsif;pD toHk;jyKEdkif&ef atmufyg Z,m;udk Start off screen ESifh End off screen box xJwGif
avhvmEdkifygw,f/ trSefjcpfxm;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/

148 uGefysLwm*sme,f

21/ File> Save udk a&G;í odrf;ay;yg/ Title Designer
window rS xGuaf y;yg/ project panel xJrS Title.prtl
file udk video 3 track xJoYkd qJx
G nhaf y;yg/ vdt
k yfygu
title file &JU tqHk;em;wGif pointer wifí flower file
rsm;ESifh wnDwnf;jzpfatmif qGJxm;ay;yg/ Play ESdyfí
preview Munfhay;yg/
22/ Window>Effects udk a&G;yg/ Video Effects >Per-
spective folder xJrS Basic 3D effect udk a&G;í Ti-
tle file ay:odkY qGJxnhfay;yg/
23/ Window> Effect Controls udk a&G;yg/ Basic 3D
effect xJrS Title ae&mwGif -50 ½dkufxnfhay;yg/ Play
button ESdyfí preview Munfhay;yg/ wjcm; proper-
ties rsm;udkvnf; jyifí toHk;jyKMunhfyg/ Title pmom;
udk jyifcsifygu title file ay:wGif ESpfcsufESdyfí title
designer xJwGif jyifEdkifygonf/ File> Save udk a&G;í
odrf;ay;yg/
rsK;d rif;xGe;f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Product
urÇmh yxrqHk; overclock
vkyfxm;onfh ASUS \ EN9600GT
pGrf;aqmif&nf tvGef aumif;rGefonfh *&yfzpfuwfudk
rufarm awmifhwaeolrsm;twGuf ASUS \ aemufqHk;ay:
EN9600GT pD;&D; *&yfzpfuwfudk rdwfqufay;vdkygonf/
urÇmhyxrqHk; overlock vkyfxm;onfh NVIDIA \
aemufq;kH xkwf GeForce 9600GT oH;k ASUS EN9600GT
TOP/HTDI/512 M onf engine clock udk 10 &mcdkifEIef;
jr§ifhwifay;xm;onfhtwGuf *drf;upm;&mwGif pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI
tay;Edik q f ;kH jzpfygvdrrhf nf/ ¤if;wGif shader clock udk over-
clock vkyE f ikd o
f nfh SmartDoctor yg0ifonft h wGuf *&yfzpf
ydkif; ydkaumif;atmif rGrf;rHxm;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf/
ASUS EN9600GT TOP wGif *drf;orm;rsm;twGuf
core (650MHz rS 720MHz) ESifh shader (1625MHz
rS1800MHz)clock tjrefEeI ;f wd;k wufvmrIrsm;udk &&dES ikd rf nf
jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjcm; reference 'DZdkif;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOf
onht f cg engine clock \ pGr;f aqmif&nf 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f txd
jrif h w uf v monf u d k th H M ozG , f awG U &ygrnf / ASUS
EN9600GT TOP/HTDI/512 M onf xdyfwef; *drf;pGrf;
aqmif&nfudk ay;pGrf;Edkifonf/ GPU u tyludk xda&mufpGm
z,fxkwfay;jyD; tylcsdefudk avsmhusaprnfh Glaciator
Fansink udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ ¤if;\ tm;omcsufu
qlno H H r&djS cif; jzpfonf/ 25dB tqifo h m jzpfí wdwq f w
d f
onfh tcef;xJwGif wdwfqdwfat;jronfh 0ef;usifwpfckudk
zefwD;ay;jcif;vnf; jzpfonf/
HDMI Certified onf tar&du&dS HDMI Licensing
tzGJUrS owfrSwfaom pHcsdefpHnTef; jynfhrDonfh ukefypönf;rsm;
udk ay;xm;onfh axmufccH suf jzpfonf/ ASUS EN9600GT
wGif HDMI axmufccH suf yg&do S nfth wGuf ,HMk unfpw
d cf spmG
oH;k Edik of nfh *&yfzpfuwf trsKd;tpm;vnf; jzpfonf/ ASUS
\ xkwfukefrsm;ESifhywfoufí odvdkonfrsm;udk Golden
Power Technology trSwf (4)? 13 vrf; (atmufvrf;)?
vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,f? &efukefjrdKU/ zkef;? 226664 odkY qufoG,f
ar;jref; pHkprf;Edkifygonf/
ar? 2008 149
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

0if;'dk;twGuf tajccH vrf;nTefrsm;

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
M ICROSOFT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
W ORD 2007
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
*smrefvlrsKd; *sKd[ef *lwifbwfcsfonf puúLom;ay:wGif pmvHk;rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xifapjcif;jzifh thHMozG,f jzpfapcJhonf/ pmtkyfrsm; urÇmtESHYtjym;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wdkif;jynfrsm;odkY wjznf;jznf; vTrf;rdk;vmcJhonf/ ¤if;rS ESpfaygif; 500 ausmf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
MumjrifhcJhonfhtcg uGefysLwmESifh y&ifwmudk toHk;jyKjyD; puúLay:wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvHk;rsm;udk xif[yfapcJhjyefonf/ rnfonfh enf;ynmonf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ydkí jrifhrm;ygoenf;/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

150 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Cut, copy, paste vkyif ef;pOf Command Ribbon command
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Ribbon icon KB shortcut
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uGefysLwm oHk;olwdkif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Cut Home > Cut Scissors Ctrl+X
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Copy Home > Copy 2 pages Ctrl+C
cut, copy, paste vk y f i ef ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paste Home > Paste
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pOfudk rvkyfzl;ol r&dSyg/ Clipboard Ctrl+V
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfonfh toH;k cs aqmhz0f u J kd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t oHk; jyK onf jzpf ap? oufonfh aqmif&Gufcsuf vm;? icon udk oHk;rnfvm;? txift&Sm;&daS eonf/ yHw
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k iG f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfonfjh yifqifonfh (edit) rsm;taMumif;udk tao;pdwf keyboard shortcut jzifh oH;k Munhfyg/ tqdkyg trdefYrsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfief;pOfrsKd;udk aqmif&Guf a&;om;ygrnf/ wpfenf; rnfvm; qdkonfudk vuf udk tvG,fwuljrifEdkif? oHk;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf jzpf a p cut, copy, tm;jzifh armufpu f kd oH;k vdo k l awGU jyKvkyMf unfjh yD; qH;k jzwf Edkif&ef wpfae&mwnf; pka0;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
paste udk oHk;aeMu&onf/ odkYr[kwf uD;bkwfudk oHk;vdk Edkifygvdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xm;&dSjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wGifvnf; tqdkyg olrsm;twGuf rnfonfu Icon ay:odkY armufpfjrm;OD;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfaqmifcsuf 3 ckonf ydkrdktqifajyonfudk odEdkif Ribbon rS commands rsm; wif vdkuf yg u uD; bkwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmpDvkyfief;pOf\ ta&;yg &ef jzpfonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh udktoHk;jyKjcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 shortcut ES i f h t wl &S i f ; jy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aom tcsuf r sm;yif jzpf uD;bkwf shortcut udk ydkrdk Word 2007 \ rib- csufudk awGU&ygrnf/ pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ oifonf uGefysLwm oHk;Muonfudk owdjyKrdyg bon vdkif;wGif command om; wpfckckudk highlight
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tawGUtMuHKenf;onfhwdkif vdrfhrnf/ tm;vHk; yg&dSaeonf/ Cut, vkyfvdkufygu ¤if; icons
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdkyg ta&TUtajymif; vkyf azmfjyygZ,m;ü Word copy, paste onf Home rsm;onf ydkrdk xif&Sm;vmyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ief;pOf u dkawmh od&dSe m;vnf 2007 wGif cut, copy, paste (tab) \ a&SUqHk;tkyfpkwGif vdrfhrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;jyD; jzpfonf/ rnfodkYyif udk rnfodkY jyKvkyf&rnfudk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfap ,ck oifcef;pmwGif jyay;xm;ygonf/ oifonf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Cut, copy, paste twGuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cut, copy, paste ES ifh ywf command tjzpf oH k ; rnf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uD;bkwfudkoHk;jcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uGefysLwm pmpDorm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trsm;pk onf armufpfxuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uD;bkwfudk ydkí oHk;wwfMu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ygonf/ ¤if;onf vG,ful
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jref q ef a omaMumif h jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ txl;ojzifh armufpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk vSrf;udkif&onfh tcsdefudk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ouf o mapygonf / uD ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 bkwfjzifh toHk;jyKjcif;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 keyboard shortcut [lí
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ta&;ygaom cut, copy, paste (command) rsm;udk &SmazG&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vG,ful atmif jyay;xm;onf/ Word 2007 ü Ribbon \
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Home Clipboard (tab) wGif xif&mS ;pGm jyay;xm;onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmom; wpfcck u k kd yxrqH;k a&G;cs,jf y;D rS cut (uyfaMu;yH)k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odr
Y k [kw f copy (pm&Guf ESp&f u
G yf )kH udk toH;k jyK&ygrnf/ ¤if;rS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&TaU jymif;vdo
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k nfh ae&mudk a&G;cs,jf y;D insertion point jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ae&mcsyg/ xdYk aemuf paste (n§yfuvpfwyfxm;onfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufcu H wfjym;yH)k udk oHk;Edik fygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ar? 2008 151
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ac:Muygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf Command rsm;udk tao;pdwf jyefvnf avhvmjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uD;cvkwf 2 ck odkYr[kwf 3
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmom; odkYr[kwf yHk odkYr[kwf oif\ document xJrS jzwfxkwfvdkaom t&m
ckukd wGí J EdyS &f jcif; jzpfonf/ Cut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufazmfjyyg shortcut udk select vkyf a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/ xdktcg cut vkyfvdkufonfht&monf Office
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
clipboard wGif acwå odkavSmifvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ,m,D
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk odxm;&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Cut - Ctrl + X rSwfÓPfwGif odkavSmifxm;vdkufjyD; paste vkyfaomtcg jyefvnf azmfxkwfay;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Copy - Ctrl + C
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdkufonf/ Word wGif clipboard udk zGifhjyD; rMumrDu cut ESifh copied
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paste - Ctrl + V
vkyfxm;onfrsm;udk jyefMunhfEdkifonf/Office clipboard onf Microsoft
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Undo - Ctrl + Z
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Office \ aqmhzf0Jtm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí aqmhzf0JwpfckrS cut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfxm;onfudk tjcm;aqmhzf0JwpfckwGif paste vkyfEdkifonf/ Cut onf Delete
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Cut, copy, paste twGuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpu f t kd oH;k jyKjcif; odkYr[kwf Clear (command) ESifh vHk;0 jcm;em;ygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf pmom; odkYr[kwf yHk odkYr[kwf uGefysLwmoHk; zdkifponfwdkYudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Copy
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Cut, copy, paste
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rdwåLyGm;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk clipboard wGif acwåodkavSmifxm;jyD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(command) rsm;twG u f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
paste vkyfonfhtcg jyefvnfazmfxkwfay;vdkufonf/ Copy onf rl&if;t&mESifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uD;bkwf shortcut ukdoHk;Edkif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rl&if;ae&mtwdkif; usef&dSonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfhwdkif uD;cvkwf trSwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tom;udk ½kwfw&uf owd Paste Copy odkYr[kwf Cut (command) udk toHk;jyKrSmom paste udk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paste udk tjcm; aqmhzf0Jwpfckck\ rnfonfhae&mwGifrqdkoHk;Edkifonf/ Copy
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r & wwf ol rsm; t wGuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpu f kd oH;k Edik o
f nf/ ¤if; odkYr[kwf cut jyKvkyftjyD; uGefysLwmwGif tjcm;command wpfckck odkYr[kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uGefysLwmvkyfief;pOftopfudk Mum;jzwf jyKvkyfvdkufyg paste vkyfief;pOfudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf drag and drop ac:
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
quf vuf oHk;í r&awmhyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpfjzifh qGJ,lí ypfxnfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfhenf;[k wifpm;qdkEdkif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f kd oH;k &onf rSwcf suf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ armufpu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSm vuf om; rus ao; í Cut udk oHk;&mwGif tvGefowdxm;&rnfh tcsufrsm; &dSonf/ Delete odkYr[kwf Clean
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(command) onf zdkifrsm;udk zsufvdkufonfqdkaomfvnf; trdIufyHk;twGif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
drag and drop enf;udk uGef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ysLwm tawG U tMuH K enf ; a&mufoGm;onf/ Cut (command) onf paste vkyfvdkufonfESifh aysmufoGm;ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oltcsKdUu roHk;Muyg/ ¤if; Cut (command) udk jyKvkyftjyD; paste rvkyfao;bJ aemufwpfckckudk cut vkyfvkdufygu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGuf armufpf nmuvpf yxr cut vkyfxm;onfht&monf aysmufoGm;ygrnf/ wpfcgwpf&H cut vkyfjyD;onfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ed S y f j yD ; pop-up menu rS tcsdefü vQyfppfrD; jywfawmufoGm;ygu ¤if;zdkif odkYr[kwf zdkiftcsKdUonf aysmufqHk;jcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfqifh trdefYrsm;udk oHk;Edkif odkYr[kwf ysufpD;jcif; jzpfwwfygonf/ odkYjzpfí cut xuf copy command udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k iG Mf unhyf g) Pop- oHk;oifhygonf/ rvdktyfvQif rl&if;zdkifrsm;udk delete vkyf zsufEdkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ (yHw
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
up menu wGif vkyfief; pOf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tenf;i,fomygrnf jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aomfvnf; t"duusaom
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfief;pOf (trdefY) rsm; jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ ¤if;onf ribbon ay:
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
od kY armufpfjzifh uvpfvkyf&
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfxuf ydkrdk jrefqefyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ ydkí tao;pdwf us
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aom trd e f Y r sm; (Oyrm-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Line spacing csdefjcif;? A
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
to Z sorting vkyfjcif;) rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

152 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGuf ribbon ay:odkYom cs,v f u kd yf g/ Highlight jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&Sm&ygvdrfhrnf/ aeonfh tqdkyg pmom;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf o d k Y y if j zpf a p drag armufpb f ,fuvpf EdyS v f ukd f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
and drop enf;udk avhusifh yg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oH;k apvdyk gonf/ pdw0f ifpm; 2/ armufpcf vkwu f kd zdxm;í
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zG , f v nf ; aumif ; ygonf / tqd k y g highlight jzpfae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uD;bkwfudk rudkifbJ xdkifcHk onfh pmom;udk a&TUvdkonfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif tomrSu D m armufpjf zifh ae&modYk drag qG, J yl g/ Cur-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oufoufomom tvkyv f yk f sor (jrm;tjrD ; wG i f ) wG i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edkifygonf/ av;axmifhabmif yHkuav;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1/ pmom; (text) wpfckudk ay:aernf / ¤if ; onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ae&majymif;ygrnf/ ¤if; pm armufpfa&GUvsm;&modkY vdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
om;udk highlight vkyf a&G; yg ay:aeygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif tvkyf vkyrf nfh pmom;ay:oYkd armufpfjrm;OD; wifvu kd fjy;D
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpf nm uvpf EdyS v f ukd fyg/ Pop-up menu ay:vmygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ;wG if cut, copy, paste (command) rsm;udk awG&U yg rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word 2007 wGif command rsm; udk ydrk kd xnfah y;xm;onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xdt Yk jyif formatting commands rsm; ygonfh mini toolbar
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf cvk nf; txufwiG f ay:aeygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (tay:y)kH pmom; (text) wpfcu k kd a&G;cs,jf y;D armufpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 b,fcvkwfudk zdxm;um a&TUvdkaom ae&modkY drag enf;jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qG,
J lvmyg/ xdaYk emuf xnfrh nfh ae&mwGif armufpf insert
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 point jzifh ae&m,lvu kd yf g/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (atmuf) armufpfcvkwfudk vTwfvdkufyg/ qGJ,lvmaom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmom;onf ae&mopfwiG f 0ifa&mufjy;D jzpfygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 3/ xnfhvdkonfh ae&modkY ajymif ; jcif ; onf xl ; jcm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&mufvQif armufpu f kd vTwf onfh t&mr[kwfyg/ Do-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vd kufy g/ cument wpfcktwGif; yHkrSef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 4/ armufpfudk vTwfvdkuf a&TUajymif;jcif;om jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onfESifh yHki,fav; aysmuf ¤if; twGuf uD; bkwf odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oGm;um a&TUajymif;onfh pm r[kwf ribbon command
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 om;vnf ; a&muf o G m ;yg rsm;udk oHk;Edkifonf/ enf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnf/ vrf;rSm cut and paste odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 r[kwf drag and drop enf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document ES p f c k t Mum; vrf;rsm;om jzpfygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmom;rsm;udk a&TjU cif; xdkYtwl wnfaqmufrI
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document ES p f c k tajccHrwlaom document
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tMum; pmom;rsm;udk a&TU ES p f c k t Mum; pmom; od k Y
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ar? 2008 153
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
,Gif;vmEdkifygonf/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 twG u f Word 2007 \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Office Clipboard udk zGijhf yD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Munhf½I ppfaq;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Home (tab) \ Clip board
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 &dS jrm;yHkav;udk uvpf vkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkufyg/ Clipboard yGifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vmygrnf/ ¤if;wGif vuf&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tm;jzifh oif cut ESifh copy
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyKvkyfvdkufonfh pmom;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 *&yfzpf? zdkif ponf t&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm;vHk;udk jyay;xm;onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aemufqHk; jyKvkyfcsufonf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 clipboard tay:qH k ; od k Y
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif o nf Word documents rsm ; tM u m; pmom;wpf c c
k u
k k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121d drag and drop enf ;jz ih f ,l Ei
k d f o nf / a&mufvmygrnf/ ¤if;rS vdk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xd Y a
k emuf tjcm; aqmh z 0
f J wpf
c \
k document xJoYkd a&TaU jymif;xnfah y;Edik yf gonf/ yHw k i
G f pmom; text tyfaom t&mudk a&G;cs,fjyD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfcu k kd Word rS qG,
J jl y;D Outlook xJoYkd email message tjzpf a&TaU jymif;vdu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k jf cif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif paste jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
insertion point onf pmom;\ tqH k ;rSw u
f k d jy aeonf / Cursor
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jrm;atmuf ajcwGif av;axmifh rvdktyfvQif Clear All jzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pwk*yH kiH ,fav;u armufpfonf pmom;udk o,faqmifxm;qJjzpfonfukd jyaeonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zsufEdkifygonf/ odkYr[kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Delete jzifh wpfckcsif; zsuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csuf r sm;rS m twl w l y if
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[kwf zdkifrsm;udk a&TUajymif; jzpf wG i f paste vk y f r nf e nf ; Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;Edkifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qdkonfh tcsufonf rSm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word rS pmom;wpfcu k kd cut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYr[kwf copy jyKvkyfjyD; Munf½h jI cif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifonf pmom;? yHk?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Microsoft Outlook,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zdkifw pfckckudk cut odkYr[kwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
PowerPoint, Access,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Excel odYk a&TUajymif;Edi ko f nf/ copy jyKvk y f t jyD ; paste
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xdkYtwl rdkuf½dkaqmhzfukrÜPD vkyf&ef ae&mopfodkY zGifh&yg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xkwf r[kwfonfh Page- vdrfhrnf/ wpfcgwpf&H cut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Maker, Adobe Photo- odkYr[kwf copy vkyfief;pOf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
shop uJhodkY aqmhzf0Jrsm;odkY rsm;udk Mudrfzefrsm;pGm jyKvkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; a&TUajymif; (paste) &onfhtcg rnfonfh cut,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vk yfay;Edkifonf/ vkyfaqmif copy zdkifudk rnfonfh ae&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Office 2007 Clipboard onf aqmif &GuEf ikd cf suf topf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfonf/ ,cif version ta[mif;wGif tqdyk g aqmif &Gucf suf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg&cSd haJ omfvnf; tjrifwiG f uGmjcm;rI &dyS gonf/ ,ck Clipboard
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
topf onf ydík odomxif&mS ;pGm jrif&jcif; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufajc&dS Options cvkwu f kd uvpfvyk f zGiv hf ukd fyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clipboard ESiyhf wfoufí oif vdt k yfovdk ajymif;ay;Edik o f nfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcsurf sm;udk awG&U ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

154 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clipboard task pane jzifh ponf oifvuf&dS jyKvkyfae
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tvkyv f yk jf cif; onfh tMudrfta&twGufudk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clipboard task pane azmf j yay;xm;jyD ; ¤if ; \
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf w G i f o mru Office ab;rS Mwd * H y H k jrm;twH k ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
2007 \ Access, Excel, uav;udk uvpfvkyfvdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
PowerPoint rsm;wGifvnf; yg/ Move, Size, Close
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yHkpH twlwlyifjzpfonf/ [lí menu 3 ck ay:vmyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Home (tab) rS w pfq if h rnf/ Move onf armufpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmufbuf nmaxmifh&dS udk toHk;jyKjyD; Clipboard
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrm;yHki,fav;udk uvpfvkyf task pane udk ae&m a&TUay;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif ; tm;jzif h Clipboard Edkifonf/ Size onf Clip-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
task pane udk zGifhvdkufyg/ board task pane udk t&G,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
\ b,f b uf w G i f tpm;? tus,ft0ef; csJUEdkif?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
task pane ay:vmjyD; ¤if; csKHUEdkif? ajymif;ay;Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif cut odkYr[kwf copy Close onf Clipboard
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyKvk yfxm;onfh taMumif; task pane udk ydwfxm;&ef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t&mrsm;udk jrifae&ygrnf/ jzpfonf/ oifhtaeESifh task - Ctrl+C udk ESpfMudrf EdSyf rsm;jzifh jyay;jcif; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Document twGi;f xnfv h kd pane xJrS tcsut f vufrsm; vdkufygu Office Clip- ¤if;onf copy odkYr[kwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh ae&mwGif armufpf in- udk rsufpdaemufp&m[k xif board ud k jyay;&ef jzpf cut jyKvkyfvdkufonfh tcsdef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
sertion point csay;jyD ; vQif Clear All jzifh &Si;f xkwf onf/ yxr pmom;wpfcu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k kd yd k i f ; wG i f o m screen tip
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&G;cs,fjyD; Ctrl+C EdSyfyg/ tjzpf jyay;jcif; jzpfonf/
task pane xJrS a&TUvdkonfh ypfEdkifygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t&mudk paste vkyfEdkifonf/ aemuf w pf c k Ctrl+C ud k Clipboard wG i f tMud r f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if ; ae&mrS zG i f h x m; Options menu
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 'kwd,tMudrf xyfEdSyfvdkuf rnfrQ &dSjyDqdkonfudkvnf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmuf a jc&d S
aom tjcm; aqmhzf0Jwpfck Options
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ jyay;onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
menu wG i f - Windows \ Taskbar
\ document xJodkY xnfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdkyg Alt+Tab uD;rsm;udk - Word udk zGiv hf u kd o f nfEiS hf (tcsed ef m&Dab;) wGif Office Clipboard jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdSyfjyD; ajymif;um paste vkyf Office Clipboard ud
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k tvkd Clipboard (icon) udk jyay; aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf suf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tavsmuf j y&ef od k Y r [k w f
Ed k i f o nf / Clipboard xJ & d S
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jcif ; jzpf o nf / od k Y&mwGif clipboard
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taMumif ; t&mwpf c k c k u d k document xJ r S wpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
p H
kw pf
c k - wpf c k c k u d k copy jyKvk y f onf paste vkyfvdkufonfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ud k cut, copy vk y v
f u
kd o
f nf vd k u f o nf h t cg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
armufpf nmuvpf EdyS Mf unhf Taskbar taMumif;t&m tcsufESifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygu ESi fh ud k ESi fh Office Clipboard
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paste Delete ud k (tcsd e f
e m&D tay:) wG if Of- tMudrfaygif;udk twdtus
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
awGU&ygrnf/ Clipboard jyay;&ef jzpf o nf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
fice Clipboard ud k pmom; jyEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/ Clip-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tay:wG i fv nf ; Paste All
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 board onf palette tpk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifh Clear All [lí aqmif ta0; wpfc[ k v k nf; qdx
k m;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&Gufcsuf ESpfck&dSonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh oif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clipboard task pane
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf Word wGif npm pm;yGJ
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif oifhtwGuf ESpfouf wpfcktwGuf menu pm&if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
p&m aqmif & G u f c suf r sm; wpfckudk wnfaqmuf a&;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; &dSao;onf/ Clip-
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 om;xm;onf qdkygpdkY/ wpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
board \ tay:qHk; bm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 csdefwnf;rSmyif oifonf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wef;wGif cut, copy, paste aeYv,f p m pm;yG J w pf c k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ar? 2008 155
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Office Clipboard udk toH;k jyKjy;D pm om;? yHrk sm;ESihf zdik f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponfwu Ykd kd paste vkyEf ikd o f nf/ ¤if; vkyif ef;pOfonf Cut and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Paste command rsm;ESihf rwlyg/ Clipboard wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vk yaf qmifcsurf sm;udk owfrw
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 S cf suf yHak o r&dbS J azmfjyay;ae
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfjzpfjy;D aemufq;kH jyKvyk o f nfh trdeYf onf tay:q;kH odYk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&muf v mrnf jzpf onf / Clipboard
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xJrS taMumif;t&m
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk vdt k yfovdk zsux f w k Ef ikd fonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGi;f jrm;av;&do S nfh icon New > Blank jzifh Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk uvpfvyk v f u kd yf g/ tqdk zdkiftopfzGifhyg/ ¤if;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg jrm;yHkav;udk Clipboard lunch menu tjzpf oHk;&ef
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
launcher [k a c:jyD ; ¤if ; jzpfonf/ Word window
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf Clipboard udk zGifh&ef? topf yGifhvmygrnf/ ¤if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ydwf&ef jzpfonf/ wGif rnfonfhpm&if;rQ r&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
2/ Clipboard \ xdyfrS ao;yg/ od k Y &mwG i f oif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Clear All cvkwfudk uvpf aumf y D jyKvk y f x m;onf h
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfvdkufyg/ ,cif &dSxm; pm&if;rsm; yg&dSaom Clip-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk board onf ,SOfwGJvsuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
z,f x k w f v d k u f j cif ; jzpf ygaeonfudk awGU&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 5/ Paste All udk uvpf vkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
3/ Lunch menu wGif jznfh vd k u f y g/ xd k t cg docu-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wif;vdkonfh t&H [if;vsm ment topfwiG f oif aumfyD
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pm&if;ESifh tazsmf,rum vkyfxm;onfh pm&if;rsm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pm&if;rsm;udk Copy (Ctrl+ a&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ odkY
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
C) jyKvkyfyg/ xdkodkY pm&if; jzpfí oifonf aeYv,fpm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfckcsif;udk copy vkyfae lunch menu pm&if;udk vG,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onft h cg tqdyk g pm&if;rsm; ul tqifajypGm aqmif&Guf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGuf menu pm&if;wpfck (tab) rS wpfqifh Clipboard onf clipboard wGif wpfck jyD;pD;ygvdrfhrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udkvnf; a&;om;vdkonf/ udkzGifhjyD; Clipboard group csif; a&mufaeygvdrfhrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
¤if;wGif npmpm;yGJ menu rS label ab;&dS axmifhrSefyHk 4/ Office cvkwfrSwpfqifh rSwpf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
[if;trnf tcsKdUudkvnf;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifonf Word wGif jyK
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ul;xnfhvdkonf/ odkYjzpfí Word version wpfc\ k clipboard
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfxm;onfh Clipboard rS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdkyg tcsufrsm;twGuf tcsuf t vuf r sm;onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pm&if ; jyKpk j cif ; ? copy and
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Outlook, Excel, Power-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
paste jyKvkyfjcif;rsm;udk do-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Point ponf Microsoft
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cument topfwpfcktjzpf Office \ tkyp f 0k if aqmhz0f J
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zefwD;MunhfMuygrnf/ tm;vHk;wGifvnf; &dSaeyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1/ npm pm;yGt J wGuf menu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnf/ odYk jzpfí Office Clip-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 board [k a c:jcif ; jzpf y g
pm&if; rsm;ygonf h rl
& if
; do-
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cument udk zGifhyg/ Home onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

156 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (1)
oifhawmfwJh t&G,ftpm;eJY yHk&dyfopfudk 72
dpi eJYzGifhjyD; pyg/ oifhawmfaom pattern ef-
fect twGuf tJ'D resolution uta&;MuD;w,f/

tqifh (2)
'D tutorial rSm yHk&dyfopf&JU canvas udk tpdrf;a&mif shade
uwåDyg wpfckeJY jznfhyg/ Edit > Fill

jrufcif;
aemufcHrSm
ESvHk;om;xJ
yef;rsm;
tqifh (4)
jynfhaeyHk
Filter > Texture > Grain udk oGm;yg/
vkyfMunfh atmufyg setting rsm; xm;yg/
Mur,f/ tqifh (3)

Filter > Noise > Add noise udk oGm;yg/

tqifh (5)

Filter > Sketch > Note paper udk oGm;yg/

atmufyg setting rsm; xm;yg/

ar? 2008 157

Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (8)

Custom Shape u tonf;yHk qGy

J g/ Rasterize vkyyf g/

tqifh (6)

aemufqHk; Filter tjyD;rSm color u odyfazsmhoGm;w,f/

Image > Image adjustement > Levels udk oGm;yg/ rD;ckd;
a&mif pointer udk nmbufa&TUjyD; ydkeufarSmifatmifvkyfyg/

tqifh (9)

Shape Layer rSm Ctrl + click ESdyfjyD; selection ac:yg/

Selection > Feather udk oGm;jyD; 3 pixels ay;yg/ jyD;awmh
Delect ESdyfvdkufyg/

tqifh (7)

aemufqHk; Filter tjzpf Filter > Brush Strokes >

Sprayed Strokes udk oGm;yg/ arG;yGaysmhaysmh texture tom;
&r,f/

158 uGefysLwm*sme,f
 tqifh (10)
Edit > Fill udk oGm;jyD; selection udk pattern eJY jznfyh g/
tJ'yD ef;yHk flower pattern u ,cif MudKjyD;vkyx f m;wJh ½kyyf ykH g/
tqifh (12)
t&dyfusaeaom yef;yHkjzpf&eftwGuf pattern owfrSwf
xm;wJh yef;yHkudk jyefzGifhyg/ aemuf Drop shadow ay;yg/
tonf;yHkyef;ay:odkY qGJwifyg/ yef;wpfyGifhcsif;pD tHus vdkuf
xyfyg/ jyD;usrS jyef merge vkyfcsifvnf; &ygw,f/ tajccH
frame av;yJ ajymjyxm;wmyg/ trsKd;rsKd; uGefYjrL; prf;oyf
Munfhyg/

tqifh (11)
Pattern jznfr
h ,fh yef;yHt
k wGuf rdrEd pS o
f uf&m yef;yHw
k pfck
udk aemufcHrygbJ oD;jcm;cGJxkwfyg/ aemuf Edit > Define
pattern xJwGif trnfay;jyD; OK ESdyfyg/

ar? 2008 159

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
rl&if; pD'eD aYJ wmh uGmygw,f
Q uRefawmf Corel
Draw X3 udk wif&mrSm trial
version jzpfaeygw,f/ yHkrSef
run wJh aqmhz0 f aJ cGukd b,fvkd
0,f,l&EdkifygovJ/
Kaspersky udk vky& f mrSm
t&if date-out twdkif; jy
aeygw,f/ b,fvdk update
vk y f & r,f q d k w m od v d k y g
w,f/ Complete update
vkyf&if wpfvvHk; update
rvkyfbJ&ygovm;/ Kas-
persky u jywmawGudk rod
bl; jzpfaeygw,f/
Recover ud k oH k ; vQif
pufydkif; odkYr[kwf aqmhzf0J
awGudk xdcdkufrI &dSygovm;/
File, software, icon awG
udk password ay;jyD; zGuf
vdYk&wJh aqmhz0f aJ wGeYJ toH;k jyK
yHkudk odvdkygw,fcifAsm;/
Photoshop rS m style
tuGufawGudk tacGawGxJu
xyfoiG ;f csiyf gw,f/ b,fvkd
oGif;&w,f rodyg/
uRefawmf DVD to CD
ajymif;wJh aqmhzf0Jwpfckudk
oHk;wJhtcg aemufydkif; tcef;
160 uGefysLwm*sme,f
awGudk jzwfypfygw,f/ odkY
jzpfí tptqH;k ajymif;vJay;
r,fh aqmhz0f uJ kd odvykd gw,f/
'grSr[kwf&EdkifwJh qdkiftrnf
udk odvdkygw,f/
armifrsK;d oufxeG ;f (rdwvD¬ m)
A Corel Draw X3
full version udk 0,fEdkifyg
w,f/ pD'Dqdkifrsm;rSm ar;0,f
Munhfyg/
Kaspersky eJY ywfouf
vd k Y tar;rsm;Muygw,f /
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; ajzay;
zdkY MudK;pm;aeygw,f/ vuf&dS
tm;jzifh tifwmeuf 0ufbf
qd k u f http://saturngod.
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
mysteryzillion.com rS m
Kaspersky offline update
&,loHk;pGJenf;udk pmrsufESm
14 rsufESmavmuf a&;xm;
wmudk 0rf;ajrmufzG,f awGU
&ygw,f / pdf zd k i f j zpf v d k Y
print xkwf zwfEdkifygw,f/
aemuf A[k o k w jzpf z G , f
taMumif;t&mrsm; pHw k hJ blog
wpfckvnf; jzpfygw,f/
Recovery udk oHk;vQif
aqmhzf0J odkYr[kwf [mh'f0Judk
xdcu kd Ef ikd w
f ,fvYkd rMum;rdyg/
'gayr,fh udk,f zsufxm;wJh
zdkifawG? rvdktyfwJh zdkifawGyg
a&mjyD; jyefygvmwwfvdkY ½Iyf
axG ; uk e f w mrsKd ; awmh MuH K
wwfygw,f/
CD drive xJoYkd CD csyf
udk xnfhyg/ Photoshop udk
zGivhf u
kd jf yD; Window/ Styles
udk uvpfvyk f zGiyhf g/ ay:vm
wJh palette rS palette menu
udk xyfzGifhyg/ ¤if;udk Load
styles udk a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/
Load (box) ay:vm&if CD
&dSwJh ae&modkY ajymif;ay;jyD;
style tuGufrsm;udk [mh'f'pf
odkY wifEdkifygw,f/
DVD to CD ajymif;wJh
aqmhzf 0J trnf rod & vdkY
rnfoYkdjzpf&onfukd cefYreS ;f í
r&yg/ MuHKzl;wmu tcsKdU
aom aqmhz0f rJ sm;onf wefz;kd
ay;acs 0,f w mr[k w f b J
erlemtjzpf prf;oH;k zdYk ay;xm;
wmrsKd;rSm vkyfief;pOf wpfck
vHk;udk jyD;jynfhpHkatmif vkyf
ay;rxm;Muyg/ pD'Dqdkifrsm;
rSm taotcsm ar;0,f&if
&Edkifygr,f/ wefzdk; ay;0,f
Edkif&ifawmh taumif;qHk;yg/
DVD to CD ajymif;wJh tjcm;
Burn My Files (http://
www.getdata.com/),1
Click DVD Ripper, Kingdia
DVD to AVI/VCD/SVCD
Ripper, Fast DVD Ripper
Platinum, Magic DVD
Ripper, ponf aqmhz0fw
J pfck
ckudk ajymif;oHk;Munfhyg/

Temp zdi
k f &Si;f vif;a&;
Q uRefawmfh uGef
ysLwmrSm temp zdkifawG rsm;
aejyDqw kd m r&Si;f jzpfwm Mum
jyDjzpfvdkY odygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh Run... uae temp vdkY
½dkuf xnfh jyD; Munfh &m rSm
bmzdkifrS rawGU&yg/ tJ'g
temp zdi k rf sm;udk b,fv&kd iS ;f &
rnfudk a&;jyay;ygcifAsm;/
A Windows pepfrSm
temp zdi
k rf sm;pGm yg0ifygw,f/
,m,D z d k i f a wG qd k y gawmh /
0if;'dk;pfpepfuawmh toHk;vdk
r,fxifvYkd odr;f qnf;xm;ay
r,hf MumvmwJhtcg [mh'f'pf
rSm ae&mtydkvdk jzpfvmwwf
ygw,f/ uGefysLwmorm;
tcsKdUuawmh rvdkbl;qdkjyD;
zsuf M uygw,f / armif & if h
taeeJYvnf; zsuv f &kd if Start cvkwuf kd uvpfvyk v
> Run... rSm temp odYk r[kwf
%temp% od k Y r[k w f Computer udk zGifhjyD; C:
%tmp% vdkY ½dkufxnfhay; drive udk uvpfESpfcsufEdSyf
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
yg/ wpfMudrfpD ½dkufxnhfay;
jyD ; &S i f ; Ed k i f y gw,f / tJ ' D
zdkvf'g yGifhvm&if Ctrl+A eJY
zdkiftm;vHk;udk select vkyfjyD;
Delete vk y f E d k i f y gw,f /
aemuf tifwmeufu temp
files rsm;udk &Sif;&efrSm Start
> Control Panel uae In-
ternet Options udk zGifhyg/
General (tab) rSm awGU&r,fh
Temporary Internet files
acgif;pD;atmufu Delete
Files cvkwfudk uvpfvkyf
yg/ Delete all offline con-
tent vdkY ar;ygr,f/ ¤if;udk
trSwjf cpf a&G;cs,fjyD; OK udk
EdSyfvdkufyg/ vdktyfvdkY Inter- zGiyhf g/ tJ'x D rJ mS Temp (fol- t0if wwf E d k i f o avmuf
der) udk &SmMunhy f g/ rawGU&if tukeyf w d yf g/ Start cvkwu f
net History zd k i f r sm;ud k y g
Windows (folder) xJ 0if&mS wpfqifh Search udk zGifhyg/
zsufcsif&if tJ'D History
atmufu Clear History yg/ awGU&if zdkvf'gudkzGifh zdkif yGiv
hf mwJh dialog box xJuae
f u
kd yf g/ rsm;udk zsufEikd yf gw,f/ owd wyfqifxm;wJh drive rsm;udk
aemufwpfenf;u My jyKp&mtcsufu ¤if;zdkvf'g jrifatmif ajymif;yg/ tck C:
rsKd;udk azsmufxm;wwfvdkY drive udk a&G;cs,fw,fqdkyg
Tools > Folder Options eJY awmh/ tJ'D Search Results
t&if zGifh&ygr,f/ vuf&dS u 'All files and folders'
aqmhzf0Jwpfckckudk run ae&if udk uvpfvkyfyg/ b,fbuf
vnf; temp zdkif tm;vHk;udk atmufu More advanced
zsufvdkY&r,f r[kwfyg/ options udk zGifhjyD; include
tvG,fqHk; zsufwJh enf; subfolders tygt0if zdkif?
wpfenf;u Start > Search zdv
k 'f gtm;vH;k udk zGiEhf ikd af tmif
udk zGijhf yD; All files and fold- trdeYf ay;yg/ Oyrm 'Search
ers rSm *.tmp vdkY ½dkufxnfh system folders', 'Search
ay;jyD; C: xJrSm &SmMunhfyg/ hidden files and folders'
awGUwJh temp zdik rf sm;udk zsuf tygt0if jzpfygw,f/ ,ck
Edkifygw,f/ 'All or part of the file name'
'Dxufydk &Sif;vif;csif&if wGif *.tmp,*.chk,~*.* [k
oHk;aewJh aqmhzf0Jtm;vHk;udk twdtus ½dkufxnfhay;yg/
ydwfxm;yg/ Antivirus vdk jyefa&;&vQif asterisk pe-
aemufcHaqmhzf0Jrsm; tyg riod tmp comma asterisk
ar? 2008 161
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
period chk comma tilde
asterisk period asterisk
jzpfygw,f/ Mum;rSm space
r&dSyg/
xdkodkY &SmazG&mrSm azsmuf
xm;aom zdkif? zdkvf'grsm;udk
jrif&atmif
- My Computer udk zGiyhf g/
- Tools menu udk uvpf
vk y f j yD ; Folder Op-
tions... udk a&G;cs,fyg/
SMS/Messx eJY qef;opfrrI sm;
Q 1/ G-mail udk
toH;k jyKjyD; G-mail r[kww f hJ
wjcm; mail awGukd ydYkvYkd &Edik f
ygovm;/ Oyrm uRefawmfh
e-mail vd y f p mu kyaw-
kyaw@gmail.com jzpfyg
w,f/ uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;
&JU vdyfpmu zawzaw@sail
ormoon.com jzpfygw,f/
uRef a wmh f G-mail uae
oli,fcsif;&JU sailormoon.
com vdyfpmeJY e-mail odkY
r[kwf message ydkYvdkY&Edkifyg
ovm;/
2/ rdb k ikd ;f zke;f awGrmS jrefrmvdk
yd k Y vd k Y &wJ h SMS aqmh z f 0 J
taMumif; tao;pdwf odvdk
ygw,f/ 2008 ckESpf rwfv
xkwf *sme,fxu J jrefrm uGef
ysLwmowif;ESirhf w S pf ak qmif;
yg;rS Messx taMumif; odvkd
ygw,f/ SMS eJY Messx
aqmhzf0JESpfrsKd;udk wGJoHk;vdkY
&Edkifygovm;/ Messx u
jrefrmvdk message ydkYvdkY&
162 uGefysLwm*sme,f
- View (tab) odYk ajymif;yg/ wpfckcku tvkyfvkyfae&if vkyfjyD; jyefxm;Edkifygw,f/
- ¤if;wGif Hidden files temp zdkiftcsKdUudk zsuf&r,f wcsKdUu 'DvdkzsufwJh vkyf
and folders atmuf & d S r[kwfyg/ ief;awGudk Safe Mode rSm
'Show hidden files and 'Cannot delete *** It vkyfwwfMuygw,f/ aemuf
folders' udk trSwfjcpf is being used by another Start> All Programs> Ac
a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/ person or pro gram. qdkjyD; cessories> System Tools>
tJ'DrSm zsufzdkY&m temp jyygvdrfhr,f/ zsufr&vnf; Disk Cleanup eJY &Sif;vif;
zdkifrsm;udk awGUae&&if Ctrl+ rzsufygeJY/ tu,fí Ctrl+ ay;jcif;udkvnf; rMumcP
A EdSyfjyD; Delete uD;eJY zsuf A eJY a&G;cs,fxm;&mrSm zdkif jyKvkyfay;Edkifygw,f/
Edik yf gjyD/ wpfcgwpf&H ud,k u
f wpfzdkifudk rzsufbJ csefxm;
zGifhrxm;aomfvnf; aqmhzf0J csif&if Ctrl uD;eJY uvpf
udk wifcsjyKvkyfjyD; prf;oyf A 1/ G-mail ac-
avhvmcsifygw,f/ uGefysL count eJY b,far;vfrqdk ydkY
wmxJukd aqmhz0f aJ wG install, vdYk&ygw,f/ sailmoon.com
w,fvYkdox d m;ygw,f/SMS uninstall vkyfwm cPcP rS r[kwyf g/ Yahoo.com wdYk?
eJY Messx rSm b,fvdk uGJjym; tMudrf rsm;vGef;&if uGefysL Hotmail wdkY toHk;jyKolrsm;
jcm;em;csufawG &daS eygovJ/ wm pepfudk xdcdkufEdkifw,f qDodkYvnf; tvG,fwul ydkY
SMS eJY Messx rSm b,f vdkY Mum;zl;ygw,f/ [kwfyg Edkifygw,f/
aqmhz0f u J kd oH;k &if ydt k qifajy ovm;/ uG e f y sLwmxJ u d k 2/ SMS (Short Message
EdkifrvJ/ SMS eJY Messx u aqmhzf0Jwpfck install vkyfjyD; Service) udk rdb k ikd ;f vfzek ;f rsm;
b,fvkd rdb k ikd ;f zke;f trsK;d tpm; aemuf uninstall jyefvkyf&if &JU owif;wdk pmydkYpepftjzpf
rS m oH k ; vd k Y &wmvJ / zk e f ; tJ'Daqmhzf0J&JU pepfzdkifawG trsm; od x m;Muygw,f /
armf',f edrfhwmrsKd;qdk&if oHk; tm;vHk; aysmufroGm;bJ zdkif ¤if; SMS pepfudk t*Fvdyf
vd k Y r&bl ; vm;/ SMS eJ Y tcsKdU usefaew,fvdkYvnf; bmomjzifh oH;k Mu&mu ouf
Messx vdk aqmhz0 f aJ wG oH;k zdYk Mum;zl;ygw,f/ ¤if; aqmhzf0J qdik &f m Edik if t
H oD;oD;u ynm
rdb
k ikd ;f zke;f &JU armf',feYJ hard- &JU zdik af wGtm;vH;k aysmufomG ; &Sirf sm;onf rdrw d Ykd\ bmom
ware ydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsuf zdkY&m uninstall vkyfzdkY tul pum;jzifh oHk;Edkifatmif wD
awGudk odvdkygw,f/ SMS oD;jcm; aqmhzf0Jrsm; &dSyg xGifMu&mrSm jrefrmEdkifiHu
eJY Messx aqmhzf0JawGudk ovm;/ aqmhz0f aJ wG avhvm
rdbk ikd ;f zke;f xJ install vkyrf ,f prf;oHk;MunhfzdkY uGefysLwmxJ
qdk&if uGefysLwm toHk;csjyD; rMumcP install, uninstall
b,fvdk csdwfquf install vkyrf mS jzpfwt hJ wGuf b,fvkd
vkyEf ikd yf govJ/ b,fvkd uGef uGeyf sLwm trsKd;tpm;udk a&G;
ysLwm aqmhzf0Judk oHk;&yg cs,f 0,f,o l ifyh govJ/ 'Dvkd
rvJ/ SMS eJY Messx aqmhzf prf;oyfwJhtcg uGefysLwm
0JawG mobile phone xJ in- pepfurkd xdcu kd v f ykd g/ b,fvkd
stall vkyfwJh enf;vrf;awGudk tumtuG,fjyK aqmhzf0JawG
odvdkygw,f/ oH k ; oif h y govJ q d k w m ajz
3/ uGeyf sLwmjzifh aqmhz0f rJ sm; Mum;ay;ygcifAsm;/

vnf; jrefrmbmomeJY a&;
om; ydkYvTwfEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfyg
w,f/
Messx onf rdkbdkif;vf
zkef;rsm;udk jrefrmbmomjzifh
SMS ydkYEdkifjyD; w,fvDzkef;\
vdyfpmrSwfwrf;udkyg jrefrm
bmomjzifh oHk;Edkifygw,f/
Address book ud k ,cif
w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;jzifh pk
pnf;azmfjyrnfhtpm; jrefrm
trnfay;xm;onfh emrnf
rsm;jzif h pk p nf ; ay;xm;yg
w,f/ w,fvDzkef; ac:jcif;?
vuf c H j cif ; ? SMS ac:
owif;wdk ydkYjcif;? vufcHjcif;
wdkYwGif w,fvDzkef;eHygwfjzifh
odrf;qnf;rnfhtpm; ouf
qdkif&m vlyk*dK¾ vfrsm;jzifh odrf;
qnf;ay;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
Messx ud k oH k ; pG J o l w d k i f ;
twGuf pdwf0ifpm;EdkifjyD; pGJ
rufoGm;aprnfh pGrf;aqmif
&nf wpfcrk mS cvkwf wpfcsuf
EdSyf½Hkjzifh w,fvDzkef;rS tcsdef
em&Dudk jrefrmbmom toH
xGufjzifh ajymjyay;Edkifjcif;
jzpfygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
Messx onf SMS enf ;
ynmudk qef;opfvdkufjcif;
jzpf w ,f v d k Y od & ygw,f /
oHk;pGJyHkeJY vdktyfcsuf ponf
wdkY udk aqmif; yg; t jzpf
tus,fw0ifh a&;om;azmfjy
ay;ygr,f/
3/ uGefysLwmxJudk aqmhzf0J
awG install vkyfvdkuf? jyef
zsuv f u kd ef YJ tMudrrf sm;vm&if
awmh uGefysLwm vkyfief;pOf
awG aES;vmjyD; rMumcP
error ay:wmawmh MuHKzl;yg
w,f/ aqmhzf0Jwpfckckudk in-
stall vkyfvkdufwmeJY olYzdkif
awGudk jznfxkwfzdkY&m Pro-
gram Files atmuf r S m
zd k v f ' gtopf w pf c k wnf
aqmufvdkufjyD; ae&m,lyg
w,f/ aemuf 0if;'dk;pepfu
vufcH tvkyfvkyfEdkifatmif
registry vdk zdkifawGrSm 0if
a&muf csdwfquf&ygw,f/
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
b,fvzkd ikd af wG yGm;vmw,fqkd
wmawmh tao;pd w f em;
rvnfyg/ aemuf tJ'D aqmhzf
0Judk jyef uninstall vkyfvdkuf
ayr,fh zdv k 'f gwpfcak wmh usef
cJhwm awGU&jyD; zdkif tenf;
tyg;vnf; &dSaeygw,f/
roHk;awmhbJ usefaewJh
zdkifrsm;udk &Sif;vif;zdkY&m A
shampoo Magical UnIn-
stall, Advanced Windows
Optimizer 5.16, Unneces
sary Files 3.81, Byte Doc
tor Pro 1.00, Advanced
Uninstaller Pro, Sweepi
5.4 ponf aqmhzf0J trsKd;
tpm; rsm;pGm&dSygw,f/ vdk
tyf&if tifwmeuf Search
rSm uninstall software vdkY
xnf h ½ d k u f M unh f y g/ Win-
dows rSm ygwJh Start> All
Programs> Accessories>
SystemTools>Disk Clean
up eJYvnf; rvdktyfwJh zdkif
rsm;udk &Sif;Edkifygw,f/

taumif;tqdk; &dSygovm;/ SQL server onf PC

Ware awGukd &Si;f zd&
Yk m
Q ,ck pmESifh wGJyg
vmaom report taMumif;eJY
ywfoufvdkY &Sif;jyapvdkyg
w,f/ bmaMumifh jzpf&onf
udk odcsifygw,f/ tEÅ&m,f
&dv
S Qif umuG,ef nf;yg odcsif
ygw,f/ ,ck jzpfaeaom
pufonf Windows Vista
wifxm;aom Acer note-
book jzpfygw,f/ 0,fxm;
onfrmS 14 &ufom&djS yD; oH;k pGJ
b,fvdk z,f&Sif;EdkifygovJ/ run wJt
h cg aES;apygovm;/
em&DrSm ysrf;rQ em&D 30 om (erlem) Adware.Crack Spi- ,cif server rwif c if u
&d S y gw,f / pmpD p m½d k u f e J Y der. HKLM\Software\ Mi- vkyfaqmifrIESifh ,ck server
learning CD zwf½Hkom vkyf corsoft\ Internet Explorer\ vkyfaqmifrIonf tvGef uGm
aqmifcahJ omfvnf; Spyware Exten sions\ {10954C80- jcm;oG m ;ygw,f / Photo-
doctor udkwifMunhfjyD; scan 4F0F-Medium 11D3- shop, Corel Draw awGudk
zwfcyhJ gw,f/ &v'frmS defi- B17C-00C0 DFE39736} oH;k &if pdwb f 0ifrusp&m pGr;f
nition 18 ck awGU&dc
S &hJ ygw,f/ ##MenuText aqmifrIawG aES;auG;aeyg
jyefvnf jyKjyifrI jyKvkyEf ikd yf g wuGJwjym; jzpfaeaom awmhw,f/ Server udk ydkjref
ovm;/ Vista rSm temp files zdkifrsm;udk jyefpkpnf;apwJh vmatmif vkyfaqmifEdkifyg
tvGef rsm;w,fvdkY qdkyg key &dSygovm;/ jyKvkyfyHk ovm;/
w,f/ Temp files qdo k nfrmS jyKvkyef nf;udk odcsifygw,f/ SALSK (Hopin)

ar? 2008 163

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
A Crackspider
onf Adware jzpfjyD; Spy-
ware vd k Y v nf ; ajymMuyg
w,f/ wu,fwrf;wGif Ad-
ware onf aMumfjim&Sifrsm;
u olwdkY aMumfjimudk rjzpf
rae zwfatmif qGJaqmif
xnfw h mrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;
wdkYonf 0ufbfqdkufrS &,l
MuwJ h pirated software
odkYr[kwf tcaMu;aiG ray;
bJ &,lwwfMuwJh aqmhzf0J
rsm;eJY ygvmwwfMuw,fvdkY
qd k y gw,f / tck a rmif & if h
uGefysLwmrSm tcaMu;aiG
ray;&bJ aumfy&D &dw S hJ aqmhzf
0J b,fESrsKd;avmuf &dSaejyD
vJvdkY ppfMunfhygOD;/ tJ'D
Spyware doctor aqmhzf0J
onfyif tifwmeufu wpf
qifh tcrJh &,lxm;w,fvdkY
awG;Edkifygw,f/ Crack spi-
der onf Internet Explorer
search vkyfief;pOfudk 'ku©
ay;wwfjyD; uGefysLwmoHk;ol
&J U Favorites folder rS m
shortcuts awG trsm;MuD ;
aygif; xnfh ay; yg w,f/
aemuf Internet Explorer &JU
toolbar rSm icon wpfck xnfh
ay;vdkufjyD; Crackspider
od k Y r [k w f aMumf j imawG & J U
0ufbfqdkufrsm;qDudk nTef;
ay;vdu k yf gw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf
armif & if u uG e f y sLwmud k
oHk;wm rMumao;bl;qdkay
r,fh &dSaewJh aqmhzf0JawGrSm
Adware awG? Spyware awG
wpfcgwnf; uyfygaeygjyD/
¤if;wdYk ukd Adware remover,
Spyware doctor ponfwYkdeYJ
&Sif;Edkifayr,fh tqdkyg aqmhzf
0Jrsm;udk tcaMu;aiGay;jyD;
0,fwmr[kwfvdkY rvdkvm;
tyfwJh zdkifrsm;udk scan vkyf
&Smay;½Ho k mvkyaf y;ygvdrrhf ,f/
Remove odkYr[kwf Clean
vkyfygvdkY trdefYay;vdkufwm
eJY register vkyfzdkY? a':vm
b,favmuf ydkYay;zdkY? 0,fzdkY
ponf ajymygvdrfhr,f/
wuGJwjym;jzpfaeaom
zdkifrsm;udk jyefpkpnf;csifw,f
qd k w J h ar;cG e f ; uk d oabm
raygufyg/ [mh'f'pf parti-
tion trsKd;rsKd;? zdkvf'gtrsKd;
rsKd;? ae&mtESHUrSm&dSaewJh for-
mat wlwhJ zdi k af wGukd jyefpck sif
w,fvdkY xifygw,f/ Oyrm
PageMaker eJY ½dkufxm;wJh
zdkifawGtm;vHk;udk wpfae&m
xJoYkd jyefpck siw f mvm;/ [mh'f
'pf D: xJu PageMaker zdik f
rsm;udk pkzdkY&m Search rSm
*.pmd vdkY ½dkufxnfhyg/ ay:
vmwJh PageMaker zdkifrsm;
udk cut vkyfjyD; zdkvf'gwpfck
xJrSm pkxnfhay;vdkufyg/
SQL server onf Win-
dows wGif service wpfck
zefwD;í tcsdefjynfh run ae
aomaMumifh uGeyf sLwm (PC)
udkawmh tenf;i,f aES;auG;
apEdkifygw,f/ Photoshop,
CorelDraw wdkY oHk;aepOf
rvdt k yfaom services rsm;udk
yd w f x m;Ed k i f y gw,f / ¤if ;
twGuf Start > Run... wGif
services.msc [k ½dkufxnfh
jyD; ay:vmwJh Service (box)
wGif rvdkcsifaom services
rsm;udk stop vkyfay;Edkifyg
w,f/ tjrJwrf; ydwfxm;
csif&if Start > Run... wGif
msconfig [k ½dkufxnfh ay;
jyD; ay:vmwJh System Con-
figuration Utility (box) rSm
Services (tab) odYk ajymif;yg/
¤if ; wG i f Service rsm;ud k
trSwjf cpfxm;jcif;uae jzKwf
ay;jcif;jzifh (uvpfvkyfjcif;
jzifh) ydwfxm;Edkifygw,f/
Temp zdi k rf sm;udk &Si;f vif;jcif;
jzifhvnf; uGefysLwmudk jyef
jyD; txdkuftavsmuf jrefap
ygw,f/

Crapware qdw
k hJ 0Jwpf0J

Q uGefysLwm e,f wefzdk; tenf;i,fom ay;

y,frSm pmvHk; txl;tqef; 0,f&wJh aqmhzf0JrsKd;vdkY qdkyg
rsm; rMumcP awG U &yg w,f/ wcsKdUuvnf; prf;
w,f/ tckvnf; Crapware oyfo;kH Munfzh Ykd&m tcrJh xnfh
qdkwm awGU&jyD; t*Fvdyf- ay;wJh aqmhzf0JawGvdkY qdkjyef
ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh uGefysL
jrefrm tbd"mefrsm;wGif &Smí
r&ao;yg/ aemuf CRAM wm 0,f&if xnfhay;wwfwJh f m;wJh RAM cJhwJh r*¾eufwpfuwf sto-
aygif;eJY jyKvkyx
vnf ; ygygw,f / ¤if ; aqmhzf0Jti,fpm;rsm; jzpfyg vdkY t"dyÜm,f&ygw,f/ 'gay rage device trsKd;tpm;awG
w,f/
t"dyÜm,frsm;udk azmfjyay;yg r,f h CRAM ud k (Card udk qdv k ykd gw,f/ txl;ojzifh
cifAsm;/ CRAM onf (Chalcoge- Random Access Memory) NCR 315 computer sys-
nide RAM) &JU twdkaumuf vdkY ydkjyD; toHk;rsm;ygw,f/ tem rSm oHk;cJhwmyg/
A Crapware onf pmvHk;jzpfjyD; cs,fudk*sif j'yf 1962 ckESpf0ef;usifu oHk;

164 uGefysLwm*sme,f

wpfcck jk zpfwikd ;f Adik ;f &yfpaf Mumifv
Q uRefawmf oHk;ae
wJh uGefysLwmrSm zdkifawGudk
hidden vkyfjyD;&if Folder
Options xJ jyef0ifjyD; Show
hidden files and folders
jyefvkyfvnf; r&awmhyg/
File uawmh &dSaeygw,f/
Format C: udk ½dkufjyD; Win-
dows wifjyD; vkyf&ifawmh
jyefjrif&w,f/ 'grSr[kwf
network link vkyfjyD; wjcm;
pufuae jyefjyD; unhidden
vkyf&ifawmh jyef&ygw,f/
tJ'g bmhaMumifhvJ? uRef
awmfh virus aMumifhvdkYawmh
xifygw,f/ b,fvdk ajz&Sif;
&rnfudk a&;ay;yg/
aemufjyD; uGefysLwmrSm
acGu;l &if duplicator vdk 4ç5
csyf wpfjydKifwnf; burn vdkY
&ygovm;/ &efukefrSmawmh
Access has been denied awG;ovdk trojan horse odkY
vkyxf m;wJh sites awGukd Mum; r[kwf malware wpfckck pGJ
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
h m; uyfaevdkYyg ajzyg&ap/ ¤if; - SHOWALL udk uvpf
wdkYonf Windows settings vkyfyg/
rsm;udk disable vkyfxm;jcif; nmbuf jrifuGif;xJrSm awGU
xJrSm ' s ' cHjyD; ½dkufxnfh&if
odkYr[kwf ajymif;r&atmif ae&wJ h CheckedValue
trsm;tm;jzifh ausmfoGm;yg REG_DWORD0x00000001
ydwfqdkYxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf
w,f/ 'gayr,fh jrpfMuD;em; udk Delete vkyf zsufvu
kd yf g/
wwf v d k Y yg/ txl ; ojzif h
rSm r&bl; jzpfaeygw,f/ Show hidden files and - xdkYaemuf ae&mvGwfrSm
bmaMumifhvJ/ folders rsKd;rSm tjzpfrsm;Mu armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfjyD;
aemufqHk;wpfcku uRef ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfcck jk zpf New >DWORD Value wpf
awmfh uGeyf sLwmrSm Admini- wdik ;f Adik ;f &yfpu
f kd vTcJ sae&wm ckudk wnfaqmufyg/
strator password udk uRef odyaf wmh r[kwaf o;yg/ wpf - ¤if;wGif (Name) Checked
awmfyJ odwm/ aemufus enf;tm;jzifh Registry rSm Value,
awmh tJ'D password eJY jyef wpfckck jidoGm;yHk &ygw,f/ (Type) REG_DWORD,
0ifvdkY r&awmhbl;/ Pass- Register Editor xJ 0ifjyD; (Data) 1 wefz;kd rsm; ay;vdu
k f
word change jzpfaew,f/ MudK;pm;Munhf&atmif/ yg/
aemufqHk; rwwfEdkifvdkY for- enf;vrf; (1) - Register Editor rS jyef
mat csjyD; tpuae 0if;'dk;pf - Start > Run u wpfqifh xGufjyD; uGefysLwmudk re-
jyef wif vdkuf & w,f/ regedit (Register Editor) udk start jyefvkyfyg/
bmhaMumifhjzpf&onfudk vrf; zGifhyg/ ¤if;wGif HKEY_ enf;vrf; (2)
nTef a&;ay;ygcifAsm;/ LOCAL_ MACHINE\ - Start > Run uwpfqifh
E-J.Tin (jrpfMu;D em;) SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ regedit (Register Editor) udk
Windows\CurrentVersion\ zGifhyg/
A rS e f y gw,f / Explorer\Advanced\Folder\ - HKEY_CURRENT_
a,bk , stm;jzif h armif&if Hidden\SHOWALL USERSoftware\Micro-
zdkvf'grsm;udk tqifhqifh zGifh soft\ Windows\Current
oGm;yg/ Version\Explorer\Advanced
zdkvf'grsm;udk tqifhqifh zGifh
oGm;yg/
-¤if;wGif nmbufjrifuGif;
twGif; (Name) Hidden udk
&Smyg/ DWORD wefz;kd onf
1 jzpfygu show hidden jzpf
í 2 jzpfygu do not show
jzpfygonf/
- wefzdk;rsm;vGJaeygu D-
WORD udk zGií hf 1 [k ajymif;
ay;vdkufyg/
- tu,fí Hidden udk &Sm
rawGUygu DWORD value
wpfck zefwD; wnfaqmuf
vdkufyg/
ar? 2008 165
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
- ajz&S i f ; csuf w pf c k r S m
'Show-Super-Hidden' udk
oHk;wm awGU&ygw,f/
aemufwpfenf;u rMum
cP ajzzl;ygw,f/ tifwm
eufrSm wifxm;wJh aqmhzf0J
av;wpfcu k kd download &,l
jyD; oHk;Munfhapvdkygw,f/
0ufbfqdkuftrnfu 'www.
isoft.ygn.cc' jzpfygw,f/
¤if;aqmhzf0Jrsm;rS iRepair
Man.exe odYk r[kwf iRepair
Man.zip zdkifudk ,ljyD; nTef
Mum;wJhtwdkif; aqmif&Guf
Munhfyg/
WinGuides &JU Tweak
Manager qdkwJh aqmhzf0JeJY
vnf; Windows system rSm
tajymif;tvJawG vkyfvdkY&
w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ xdkY
twl Registry Mechanic
udkvnf; oHk;Edkifw,fvdkY qdk
ygw,f/ vufawGUawmh vkyf
rMunhfbl;yg/
aemufqHk;awmh Adkif;&yfpf
udkom vufnd§K;xdk;&ygvdrfh
r,f/ Adkif;&yfpfaMumifh jzpfwJh
jyóemtwGuf virus, tro-
166 uGefysLwm*sme,f
jan, malware ponfwdkYudk
&Sif;xkwf&ygvdrfhr,f/ ¤if;
twGuf Akdif;&yfpfowf aqmhzf
0J odkYr[kwf remover aqmhzf
0Jrsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/
rnf o nf h Ad k i f ; &yf p f o wf
aqmhzf0Jonf taumif;qHk;
qdkwm rnTef;awmhyg/
PC wpfvHk;taeeJY CD/
DVD drive av;vHk;udk wpf
jydKifeuf ul;Edik w
f ,fvYkd Nero
u qdkxm;ygw,f/ tajccH
tm;jzifh PC wpfvHk;rSm IDE
cable ESpfacsmif;ygjyD; cable
wpfacsmif;rSm drive ESpfvHk;
wyf E d k i f y gw,f / od k Y j zpf í
drive av;vHk; tjynfhwyf
r,fqdk&if hard disk drive
u rjzpfrae wpfv;kH ae&m,l
r,fjzpfvdkY CD/DVD drive
ESpfvHk; odkYr[kwf oHk;vHk;om
wyfEdkifrSmyg/ xdkYtjyif tqdk
yg CD/DVD drive rsm;onf
trsKd;tpm;wl jzpf&r,fvdkY
vnf ; qd k y gw,f / Nero
burning software omru
Disc-Juggler (Padus Inc.),
GEAR PRO Professional
(sales@gearsoftware.com),
Alcohol 120% wdkYudkvnf;
oHk;Edkifygw,f/
rnfonfh jrdKU? rnfonfh
t&yfa'orSmjzpfap tifwm
eufu ydwfxm;wJh sites rsm;
udk enf;rsKd;pHk oHk;jyD; zGifhjcif;
onf Oya'udk qefYusif&m?
csKd;azmuf&ma&mufvdkY rvkyf
oifhyg/ oifMudK;pm;aewmudk
tifwmeufu odaeygw,f/
tJ'DrSm "You have tried to
access a web page which
is in violation of your in-
ternet usage policy." vdkY
owday; a&;xm;wmudk awGU
&ygr,f/
Windows XP rS m
password udk default tjzpf
42 &uf ay;xm;w,fvdkY od
&ygw,f / Expire jzpf z d k Y
eD;vm&if 'Your password
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
will expire in 14 days' vdkY il/kb.htm) 0ufbfqdkufu
owday;wwfygw,f/ ¤if;udk aqmhzf0J 4 ckudk nTef;xm;yg
expire rjzpfatmif vkyfxm; w,f/
Edik yf gw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf Ad- (1) Windows Password
ministrator password udk Recovery (http://www.
ausmfEdkifzdkY enf;vrf;rsm;pGm loginrecovery.com)
&dSygw,f/ (2) Petter Nordahl-Ha-
enf;vrf; (1) uGefysLwmudk gen's Offline NT Pass
zGifhwJhtcg Administrator word & Registry Editor
password udk rodayr,fh (http://home.eunet.no/
tjcm; User password wpf pnordahl/nt-passwd/
ckcu k kd od&if ¤if; User taeeJY (3) Open-wall's John the
0ifMunhfyg/ 0if;'dk;pfyGifhwJh Ripper (http://www.open
tcg user accounts rsm;udk wall.com/john
jyifMunhfyg/ (4) EBCD-Emergency
enf;vrf; (2) uGefysLwmrSm Boot CD (http://ebcd.pc
backup system vk y f x m; ministry.com) eJY
w,fq&kd if restore vkyMf unhf (5) Windows Vista twGuf udk roHk;csifbl;? oHk;vdkYvnf; rvG,fyg/ 'gayr,fh uGefysL
yg/ Petter Nordahl-Hagen's tqifrajybl;qdk&if parti- wm [mh''f pf C: udk b,fvrkd S
enf;vrf; (3) Offline NT Password & tion aemufwpfckrSm 0if;'dk;pf zGifhr&bl;/ Format csvdkY
3rd party vd k Y ac:MuwJ h Registry Editor wdkY jzpfMu pepfudk topf wif&ygr,f/ vnf; rjzpfwJhtcg oHk;Edkifyg
oD;jcm; aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk ygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYrS tqifajy Oyrmtm;jzifh vuf&dS 0if;'dk;pf w,f/ D: rSm 0if;'dk;pfpepf
oHk;yg/ Password udk re- wJh aqmhzf0Judk oHk;jyD; Ad- pepfu C: rSmqdk&if D: rSm udwk ifjyD; C: xJu ta&;MuD;
covery vkyaf y;wJh odYk r[kwf ministrator password udk xyfwifyg/ C: xJu zdkifawG wJh tcsuftvuf? zdkifrsm;udk
crack vkyfay;wJh aqmhzf0JrsKd; jyefazmfEdkifygw,f/ udk rxdcdkufEdkifyg/ 'gayr,fh jyefu,fxkwfEdkifygw,f/
yg/ Petri IT Knowledge- enf;vrf; (4) C: u 0if;'dk;pfpepfonf ac- enf;vrf; (5)
base (http://www. petri.co. txufyg enfvrf;rsm; tive rjzpfawmhyg/ tJ'v D kd wif Password reset disk
jyD;&if C: Windows xJu &dS&if ¤if;udk toHk;jyKyg/ ¤if;
system32 (subfolder) udk twGuf r&dSwm rsm;ygvdrfh
zGifhyg/ ¤if;wGif logon.scr eJY r,f/ uReaf wmfwYkd reset disk
cmd. exe zdkifrsm;udk &SmjyD; jyKvkyf&ef owdrxm;Muwm
trnfajymif;yg odkYr[kwf vnf; ygygw,f/
zsufvdkufyg/ xdkYaemuf lo-
gon.scr eJY cmd.exe zdkifudk Password reset disk
D: Windows/system32 u jyKvyk x
f m;&ef
ae aumfyDul;jyD; C: Win- taMumif;aMumif;
dows/system32 zkdvf'grSm aMumifh password arhavsmh
xnfhvdkufyg/ uGefysLwmudk Edkifolrsm;twGuf password
C: taeeJY jyefarmif;vku d yf g/ reset disk jyKvkyfxm;oifh
'Denf;u tcsdeu f ek jf yD; tvkyf ygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf
rsm;wJh enf;jzpfvdkY oHk;&ef - Start > Control Panel rS

ar? 2008 167

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
wpfqifh User Accounts udk Wizard ay:vmygrnf/ Next rQ box wGif rxnfhygeJY/ vdYk pD'D odYk r[kwf USB flash
zGifhyg/ ¤if;wGif oifonf cvkwfudk EdSyfvdkufyg/ - xdktcg Forgotten Pass- eJY odrf;Muygr,f/ xdkodkY jyK
rnfonfh account udk jyKvkyf- Drive A wGif diskette word Wizard onf disk udk vkyf&ef oD;jcm; aqmhzf0Judk
csifwmvJqdkonfudk a&G;cs,f wpfcsyf xnfhyg/ Next udk wnfaqmufygvdrfhr,f/ oH;k jcif;jzifh ydrk kd tqifajyr,f
uvpf vkyfyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh EdSyfyg/ - vkyfief;pOf 100 &mcdkifEIef; vdkY xifygw,f/ Windows
Administrator qdkygawmh/ - 'Current user account jynfhwJhtcg Next eJY Finish Key Professional, Win
- aemufxyf ay:vmaom password' wG i f oif & J U cvkwrf sm;udk EdyS jf yD; diskette dows Key Enterprise
box twGif; b,fbufwGif password udk xnfh½dkufyg/ udk xkwv f u
kd yf g/ ¤if;udk vHjk cHK (www.lostpassword.com)
'Prevent a forgotten pass- Next udE k ySd yf g/ tu,fí oif pdwfcs&wJh ae&mrSm odrf;xm; aqmhzf0Jrsm;onf keys rsm;
word' udk uvpf vkyfyg/ onf password r&do S l jzpfyg EdkifygjyD/ ,cktcg diskette udk CD odYkr[kwf USB flash
- Forgotten Password u rnfonfh password udk rsm;udk roH;k oavmuf jzpfae drive eJY odr;f xm;Edi
k yf gw,f/

talk ajymMuygw,f/ rdwaf qG vufaqmiftaeeJY MPEG-4

G-talk, G-mail, chat awGeYJ tcse
du
f ek af wmhrmS vm;
Q 1/ G-talk rSm
uReaf wmfeYJ chat ajymavh&w Sd hJ
oli,fcsif; wpfa,mufqDudk
oDcsif; audio file eJY video
file ydkYcsifygw,f/ uRefawmf
ydkYcsifwJh audio eJY video file
awGukd G-mail uaewpfqifh
wnf; mail xnfjh yD; ydYkvYdk&Edik f
ygovm;/ odvdkygw,f/ G-
mail uae ydYkvYkd r&&if wjcm;
b,fvdk enf;vrf;awGeJY ydkYvdkY
&EdkifygovJ/ enf;vrf;udk
&Sif;jyay;yg/
2/ G-talk rSm uRefawmfeJY
chat ajymwJ h friend wpf
a,mufu olY&JU yHkudk EdkifiH
jcm; ½ky&f iS rf if;om;yHk wifxm;
ygw,f / ol w if x m;wJ h
rif;om;yHkudk uRefawmfvnf;
MudKufwJhtwGuf G-talk u
uRefawmfhyHkudkvnf; olwif
xm;wJh yHk jzpfatmif copy
vkyfcsifygw,f/ olYbufu
copy vkyfzdkY cGifhjyKrS vkyfvkdY
&wmvm;/ G-talk rSm udk,f
wif x m;wJ h yH k od k Y r[k w f
friend u wifxm;wJh yHkudk
wjcm;ol ( G-talk xJ u
udk,f&JU wjcm;rdwfaqG) u
copy vkyf,lvdkY r&atmif
wm;qD ; xm;vd k Y &Ed k i f y g
ovm;/
3/ G-talk eJY ywfoufjyD;
MuHMuHzefzefar;wm r[kwf
yg/ uRefawmfu G-talk udk
Cyber Cafe rSm oGm;oH;k &wm
jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhrSm G-
talk friend rsm;rsm; r&dSyg/
G-talk oH k ; wwf w mvnf ;
rMumao;yg/ uRefawmfoGm;
oHk;wJh Cafe rSm user awmf
awmfrsm;rsm; tm;vHk;u G-
r&dSwJh uRefawmfhtwGuf uRef
awmfeJYtwl wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
oH;k aeMuwJh wjcm;pufawGu
G-talk user awG&JU address
awGudk uRefawmfh&JU friend
list rSm invite vkycf siyf gw,f/
'ghaMumifh wjcm; pufawGu
G-talk user awG&JU g-mail
address awG u d k od c sif y g
w,f/ qdkiftwGif;u uGefysL
wmawGu network csw d x
f m;
wJhtwGuf MudK;pm;Munhfcsif
ygw,f/ ½d;k ½d;k om;om;eJY rdwf
aqG wd;k yGm;zdYk gmail address
awG odcsifwmyg/ enf;vrf;
&dS&if ajzMum;ay;yg cifAsm;/
4/ MPEG-4 enf ; ynm
yg0ifwJh DVD pufawGrSm
enf;ynmeJY jyKvkyfxm;wJh
VCD Zmwfum;acG wpfcsyf
xnfhay;ygw,f/ xdk tacG
onf EdkifiHjcm; video Zmwf
um; 20 avmuf yg0ifyg
w,f/ xdktacGudk zefwD;xm;
aom MPEG-4 enf;ynm
taMumif; em;vnf oabm
aygufcsifygw,f/ MPEG-4
enf;ynmjzifh ¤if; VCD acG
rsK;d udk ud,
k w
f ikd f zefw;D í &Edik f
ygovm;/ enf;vrf;udk odvkd
ygw,f/
5/ MPEG-4 eJY DVD9 tacG
rsm; copy (burn) vky&f mwGif
Nero burning software oH;k
í &Edkifygovm;/ MPEG-4
eJY DVD9 awGudk copy vkyf
EdkifwJh wjcm; burning soft-
ware awGudkvnf; odvdkyg
w,f/
6/ uRefawmfonf tifwm
eufay:rSm ud, k yf ikd f blog wpf
ck a&;wifxm;ygw,f/ Blog
a&;wm odyfruRrf;usifao;
yg/ uRrf;usifwJh blogger

168 uGefysLwm*sme,f

orm; wpf a,muf jzpf zdkY
b,fvdk avhvm tm;xkwf
MudK;pm;&rvJqdkwm nTefjy
ay;ygcifAsm;/ uRefawmf wif
xm;wJh blog udk vlodrsm;ap
csifygw,f/ 0ifa&muf zwf½I
ol wd k ; yG m ;csif y gw,f /
b,fvkd vky&f ygrvJ cifAsm;/
uRefawmfh&JU blog udk wpfaeY
rSm Internet user b,fES
a,muf 0ifzwfovJqdkwm
odcsiyf gw,f/ enf;vrf;&d&S if
ajzqdkay;yg/
7/ Adobe Photoshop
CS2, CS3 pwJh Creative
Suite tqifhjrifh aqmhzf0JawG
udk uGefysLwmrSm wifcsifyg
w,f / Install vk y f z d k Y &m
aqmhzf0Judk vufcHEdkifwJh uGef
ysLwm&J U hardware yd k i f ;
qd k i f & m vd k t yf c suf a wG u d k
odvdkygw,f/
8/ Video eJYmovie awG ed-
iting jyKvk y f aygif ; pyf z d k Y
twGuf Adobe Premiere
aqmhzf0J &dSovdk oDcsif; mu-
sic audio file awGudkvnf;
wpfcek YJ wpfck editing vkyjf yD;
pdwfMudKuf aygif;pyfcsifyg
w,f/ oDcsi;f zdik af wGukd wpfck
csif;pDu MudKufESpfoufwJh
tydik ;f jzwfxw k jf yD; oDcsi;f zdik f
wpfcktjzpf editing vkyfjyD;
aygif;pyfcsifwmrsKd;udk qdkvdk
wmyg/ 'DtwGuf aumif;rGef
wJh aqmhzf0Jrsm; &dSygovm;/
nT e f j yay;apvd k y gw,f /
aqmhzf0JtoHk;jyKyHk enf;vrf;
udvk nf; ajymjyay;ygcifAsm;/
9/ uRefawmfonf chatting
ajymjcif;twGuf VZO chat
v.5.5 udk oHk;ygw,f/ tck
chat window dialog box
eJY address book dialog
box awGu uGey f sLwm armfeD
wm screen tay:qH;k a&muf
oGm;jyD; dialog box ESpfck&JU
title bar awGeYJ menu awGu
armfeDwm screen abmifxJ
jrKyf0ifoGm;ygw,f/ armufpf
eJY dialog box ay: axmufjyD;
click EdSyf? screen tv,f
a&mufatmif drag qGJ ac:ay
r,fh b,fvdkrS r&yg/ enf;
vrf;&Smr&bJ tcuftcJ jzpf
aewmaMumifh ajz&Sif;ay;yg
cifAsm;/
10/ uRefawmf[m tifwm
euf r S m www.myanmar
friends.net udk0ifjyD; regis-
ter vkyfygw,f/ Name rSm
Oyrm kyawkyaw ½du k xf nfh
jyD; e-mail box rSm uReaf wmfh
&JU G-mail vdyfpm ½dkufxnfh
ygw,f/ Occupation eJY In-
terests rSmvnf; vdktyfwm
jznfhpGufvdkufygw,f/ AIM
Address, MSN Messen
ger eJY Yahoo Messenger
awGrmS bmawG jznfph u G &f r,f
rodvYkd bmrSrjznfyh g/ ¤if;wdYk
onf bmudk qdkvdkwmygvJ/
atmuf y d k i f ; u signature
box tuG u f r S m vnf ; bm
jznfh&r,f rodyg/ Prefer-
ences acgif ; pD ; atmuf u
Yes, No a&G ; cs,f r I a wG u d k
rjyifbJ 'Dtwdkif; xm;vdkuf
ygw,f/ aemufqHk; sub ...
button udk click vkyfvkdufyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh register
vkyfvdkY r&yg/ Form udk vdk
tyfwmawG jyefvnf jznfh
pGufzdkY jyefay:vmjyD; form &JU
acgif;pD;ae&mrSm ''Sorry, but
that e-mail address is al
ready registered to a user.
Sorry, but this username
has already been taken.''
qdw k hJ pmwef;ay:vmygw,f/
Form udk jynfhpHkpGm jznfhpGuf
jyD; register vkyzf Ykd &m MudK;pm;
aomfvnf; r&ojzifh ulnD
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
vrf;jyay;ygcifAsm;/
11/ tif w meuf a y:u
www.myanmaritpros.
com udk 0ifa&mufjyD; sign
up (register) vk y f & mwG i f
vnf; tqifrajyyg/ Name
eJY e-mail tuGuaf wGrmS jznfh
pGufjyD;ayr,fh ''Type the
code on the right' pmwef;
ab;u box wpf c k w G i f
b,fvdk code udk ½kdufxnfh
&r,fqdkwm em;rvnfyg/ 'D
twGuf b,fvdk code udk
½dkufxnfhzdkY awmif;qdkovJ
qdkwm &Sif;jyay;yg cifAsm;/
12/ Online rSm uReaf wmf G-
mail account oHk;ck zefwD;
xm;ygw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;
rSm account oHk;ckpvHk;udk
wpfjydKifeuf zGifhjyD; oHk;csifyg
w,f/ Account oHk;ckpvHk;eJY
G-talk ajymcsif w myg/
b,f v d k vk y f & r,f q d k w m
enf;vrf;&dS&if ajymjyay;ap
vdkygw,f/
A (1) t&ifwkef;u
awmh Gmail eJY ydkYvdkY&yg
w,f/ tckaemufydkif; con-
nection raumif;vdkY attach-
ment zdi
k rf sm;udk ydYk r&jcif; jzpf
w,fvYkd ,lqygw,f/ tjcm;
0ufbq f u kd t
f csKdUeJY ydYk &if ydjk yD;
vG,fulw,fvdkYvnf; Mum;rd
ygw,f/
(2) G-talk rS yHkrsm;udk vG,f
ulpmG ul;,lEikd yf gw,f/ yHak y:
armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfjyD;
save the picture pmwef;udk
uvpf vkyfvdkuf&if udk,f&JU
G-talk xJ a&mufvmygvdrfh
ar? 2008 169
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
r,f/ 'DvdkyJ udk,fhyHkudk wjcm;
ol r,lEdkifatmif vkyfzdkY&m
rjzpfEdkifbl;vdkY od&ygw,f/
olrsm; r,lapcsif&if G-talk
rSm rwifygeJYvYkd tMuHjyKvdu k f
&ygw,f/
(3) oli,fcsif; vdkcsif&if G-
talk user awG&JU address
awGudk awmif;,lEdkifygw,f/
(4) MPEG-4 onf toH
(audio) eJY ½kyf (visual) wdYk ukd
aygif;pyfjyD; csKHUxm;wJh AV
digital data vdkY qdkygw,f/
1998 ckEpS f aemufyikd ;f rSm pjyD;
ay:cJw
h myg/ ISO/IEC Mov-
ing Picture Experts Group
(MPEG) u vuf c H v d k Y
MPEG-4 qdkjyD; ac:Muyg
w,f/ AD', D zkd ikd rf sm;udk t&G,f
tpm; tvGef ao;i,fatmif
csKUH Edik v
f Ykd CD/DVD wpfcsyrf mS
AD'D,dkzdkifaygif; rsm;pGm xnfh
Edik wf myg/ 'gayr,fh ½kyx
aumif;r,f r[kwfyg/ bmyJ
170 uGefysLwm*sme,f
jzpfjzpf AD'D,kdzdkifrS MPEG-4
odkY ajymif;ay;wJh aqmhzf0J
rsm;pGm &dyS gw,f/ tifwmeuf
Search rSm convert to MP4
software vdYk ½du k xf nfjh yD; &Sm
Edik yf gw,f/ ¤if;wdYk ukd pkaygif;
jyD; CD odkYr[kwf DVD csyf
rSm burn vkyx f nfEh ikd yf gw,f/
(5) DVD9 onf DVD
8.54GB single-sided, dual-
layer (four hours) audio
and video data udk qdkvdkjyD;
DVD-R DL and DVD+R
DL vdkYvnf; a&;Muygw,f/
DVD-RW eJY DVD+ RW
wdkYonf DVD9 udk zwfEdkif
r,f r[kwyf g/ uGeyf sLwmjzifh
DVD9 tacGrS Zmwfum;rsm;
udk Munhf&ef ¤if; format rsm;
udk taxmuftul jyKay;xm;
onfh DVD drive ESihf player
aqmhzf0J vdkygr,f/
f u
G f Copy to copy vkyf&m
rSm CD/DVD udk enf;ynm
wpf c k c k e J Y yd w f r xm;&if
rnfonfh trsKd;tpm; jzpfap
ul;Edkifygw,f/ zGifhwJhtcgrSm
om oufqdkif&m format r&dS
&if ¤if; drive rsm;eJY rzwfEikd f
yg/
(6) Blog qkdufrsm; trsm;
tjym; &dSygw,f/ uRrf;usif
atmif t&if avhvmoifhyg
w,fvdkY qdkyg&ap/ aemufjyD;
udk,fh&JU blog qdkufudkvnf;
b,fae&mrSm bm&dSw,fqdk
wm xJxJ0if0if avhvmoifh
ygw,f/ ,cktcg blog a&;
om;olrsm;vmjyDjzpfvYkd blogs
rsm;odkY 0ifa&muf vnfywf
jcif;jzifh udk,fh&JU blog qDodkY
tvnf ac:Edkifygw,f/ rod
wm &dS&ifvnf; blog tcsif;
csif ; ar;jref ; Ed k i f y gw,f /
Blog rS m wpf a eY v Qif vl
b,fESa,muf 0ifMunfhw,f
qd k w m od c sif & if www.
simplecounter.com rS m
signin vkyfjyD; udk,fh&JU blog
xJwGif xnfhxm;ay;jcif;jzihf
od&dSEdkifygw,f/
(7) Creative Suite tkypf 0k if
aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;zdkY&m uGef
ysLwm pG r f ; tif j rif h a v
aumif;avvdkYom ajzvdkuf
yg&ap/
(8) oDcsi;f music audio file
zdik rf sm;udk jyKjyifzYkd? ajymif;zdYk &m
aqmhzf0Jrsm;pGm &dSygw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh ACID PRO 4.0
(loop-based music crea
tion audio software),
Sound Forge (Sony Me
dia Software), WavePad
Sound Editor (Profes

sional Audio Editing Soft
ware), Dexster Audio Edi
tor, GoldWave Digital Au-
dio Editor, Blaze Media
Pro, Acoustica, Fx Audio
Editor, NGWave Audio
Editor, DC Millennium,
Audio Editor Pro, Easy
Audio Editor, Audio Edi
tor Gold, Cool Edit Pro
ponfwdkY jzpfygw,f/ rnf
onfh aqmhz0f oJ nf taumif;
k m rodyg/ Audio ESihf
qH;k qdw
ywfoufí YOUTH Com-
puter uJhodkY uRrf;usifaom
ynm&Sirf sm;xH ar;jref; pHpk rf;
Edkifygw,f/
(9) udk,foHk;wJh uGefysLwm
pufay: rlwnfr,fvdkY ,lq
ygw,f / Start>Control
Panel > Display > Settings
(tab) odYk 0ifjyD; Screen reso-
lution (setting) rsm;ud k
ajymif;Munhfyg/ Oyrm 800 x
600, 1024x768 ponf jzpfyg
w,f/
(10) www.myanmar org/en-us/firefox/addon/
friends.net odYk 0ifjyD; vkyw
f hJ 1320 eJY zGifhMunhfyg/
tcg vd k t yf w m jznf h y g/
AIM, MSN, Yahoo awGrSm
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
jznfhpGuf&ef rvdkyg/ Signa-
ture box wGif udk,hftrnf
twdak umuf ½du k xf nfah y;yg/
Preferences acgif;pD;atmuf
u Yes udkom a&G;cs,fay;
vdkufyg/
From &J U acgif ; pD ;
atmufu pmom;onf toH;k
jyKjyD;om;rsm; ½dkufxnfhvQif
'grSr[kwf emrnfwl &dSae
vQif register vkyfvdkY r&yg/
(11) G-mail account
oHk;ckpvHk; 'grSr[kwf &dSorQ
account tm;vHk; zGifhcsif&if
awmh t&ifqHk; udk,f&JU uGef
ysLwmrSm download t&if
cs ay;&ygr,f/ ¤if;twGuf
https://addons.mozilla.

Postscript printer vdy

k gr,f? wu,fh y&ifwmawmh r[kwyf g/
Q uRefr&JU Page-
Maker zd k i f u d k PDF od k Y
ajymif ; &mrS m Postscript
printer vdkw,fvdkY jyaeyg
w,f/ a&SUqufjyD; PDF zdkif
odkY ajymif;r&yg/ b,fvdk
y&if w mrsKd ; ud k wyf q if z d k Y
vdkygovJ/
A wu,f a wmh
y&ifwm wyfzdkY rvdkyg/ Dri-
ver software udk awmif;ae
jcif;om jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;
twGuf PageMaker CD udk
tJ'DrSm Adobe PostScript y&if w mrsm; pm&if ; rS m
Driver qdkwm ygygw,f/ wu,f h y&if w mwpf v H k ;
CD drive xJ xnfhMunfhyg/ Install vk y f y g/ ¤if ; onf tjzpf jyaeygr,f/
wu,fvdkY PageMaker
CD r&dbS ;l qd&k if PostScript
Driver software ud k
tif w meuf u ae oD ; jcm;
download &,lEdkifygw,f/
7.4MB rQ &dSygr,f/ jyD;&if
File>Export...>Adobe
PDF... eJ Y PDF od k Y
ajymif;Munhfyg/
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789

ar? 2008 171

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6)
6.4 USING THE AWT BORDERLAYOUT
Border Layout eJY ywfoufjyD;awmhrS Swing Com- Listing 6.5 Using the AWT Components,
BorderLayout Manager
ponents awGudk &Sif;vif; ydkYcsay;pOfu oufqkdif&m oifcef;
1 . import java.awt.*;
pmtvdkuf &Sif;jyay;cJhjyD;om;yg/ tck xyfrHjyD;awmhrS &Sif;jy&
2 . import java.awt.event.*;
wmuawmh AWT Package xJrSm yg0ifwJh BorderLayout
3 . public class AWTBorderLayout extends
Class udk &Sif;jyrSmygyJ jzpfygw,f/ odyfjyD;awmhrS uGJjym; Frame {
jcm;em;rIawmh r&Sdavmufygbl;/ aoaocsmcsmavhvmEkdif&if 4 . Button b1,b2, b3, b4;
5 . Label L1, L2;
awmh ydkjyD; tqifajyEkdifwmayghaemf/ 6 . public AWTBorderLayout ( ) {
7. SetTitle("Using BorderLayout Man-
ager");
• BorderLayout Class 8 . SetResizable (false);
- BorderLayout Class separates the Container into 9 . b1=new Button ("North");
five regions: NORTH,SOUTH,EAST,WEST and 10. b2=new Button ("East");
11. b3=new Button ("West");
CENTER. 12. b4=new Button ("South");
- BorderLayout is the default layout manager for 13. L1=new Label ("The Center"); L2=new
Label ("Region");
the Dialog, Frame and Window Class. 14. panel p1=new Panel ( ); p1.add(b1);
- Five Constants : BorderLayout.NORTH 15. panel p2=new Panel ( );p2.add (b2);
BorderLayout.WEST 16. panel p3=new Panel ( );p3.add (b3);
BorderLayout.CENTER 17. panel p4=new Panel ( );p4.add (b4);
18. panel p5=new Panel ( );p5
BorderLayout.SOUTH 19. P5.SetBackground (Color.Cyan);p5.add
BorderLayout.EAST (L1); p5 add (L2);
- There can only be one component placed them 20. add.(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH); add (p2,-
BorderLayout.EAST);
into a container and add the container to the 21. add(p3, BorderLayout.WEST); add(p4,
region. BorderLayout.SOUTH);
AWT package twGif;rSm yg0ifwJh BorderLayout 22. add(p5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
23. addWindowListener(new WinClosing ( ));
Class eJYywfoufwJh tcsuftvufawGudkawmh tay:rSm a&; 24. SetBounds (300, 300, 300, 150);
jyay;cJhjyD;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh sample program av; a&;jyjyD;awmh 25. SetVisible (true);
26. }
rS avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh Bor- 27. public static void main (String args
derLayout eJY ywfoufjyD;awmhvnf; Java Developer [ ])
28. { A W T B o r d e r L a y o u t a w t b 1 = n e w A W T -
Guide VOL-I rSm ydYk csjyD;om; jzpfvYkd ygyJ/ 'Dawmh Listing6.5 BorderLayout( );}
udk avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ 29. }
30. Class WinClosing extends WindowAdapter
{

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f

31. public void WindowClosing (WindowEvent
we)
32. {System.exit (0);}
33. }
tcka&;jycJhwmuawmh BorderLayout Class eJY ywf
oufjyD;awmh zefwD;xm;wJh program i,fav;ygyJ/ 'D pro-
gram eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh Analysis vkyfMunhfMu&atmif
vm;/
Analysis
1/ vdkif;eHygwf(1)rSmawmh java.awt.*;package eJY java.
awt.event.*;package file ESpc f u
k kd Import & Declare
vkyfygw,f/ 'g[m Java &JU AWT Components awG
udk ac:,l toHk;csEkdifwmyJayghaemf/
uJ primary class jzpfwJh AWTBorderLayout ex-
tends udkawmh Frame Class udk extends vkyfjyD;awmhrS
a&;om;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh tJ'D primary class xJrSmrS
AWTComponents jzpfwJh Button awGudk Object_
Variable_Name awG ay;jyD;awmhrS ac:,lxm;ygw,f/
'D Code_Line udk vkid ;f eHygwf (4)rSm awGUjrifEikd yf gw,f/
Button b1, b2, b3, b4;
tJ'aD emufrmS awmh Label Class udyk g Object Variable_
Name ay;jyD;awmh atmufygtwki d ;f ac:,lxm;ygw,f/
'gaMumifh vdkif;eHygwf (5)rSm
Label L1, L2;
qkdjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&wmayghaemf/
uJ 'gqkd&if Constructor Function ( ) jzpfwJh AWT-
BorderLayout ( ) method taMumif;udk avhvmMu&
atmifvm;/
2/ vkdif;eHygwf (6) rSmawmh AWTBorder( ) qkdwJh con-
structor method udak &;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D method
&JU tzGifh open brace { udkyg wpfcgwnf; zGifhxm;cJhwm
aemf/ jyD;awmh zefwD;xm;wJh Frame ay:rSm Title_Text
taeeJY yg0if&r,fh pmom;twGuf
SetTitle("Using BorderLayout Manager");
qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;ygw,f/ Output xGufvmr,fh
Frame udk csKHUcsJU vkyfvdkYr&atmiftwGuf
SetResizable (false);
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
qkdjyD;awmhrS a&;om;ygw,f/ 'gqkd&ifawmh tJ'D Frame
ay:rSm yg0ifvmr,fh Maximize Button [m fail jzpfae
awmhrSmyg/ Frame udk qGJcsJUwmwkdY? csKHUcsJUvkyfwmwdkY
r&Ekid af wmhygbl;/ 'D Code_Line [m tckoifcef;pmrSmrS
yg0ifvmwmygyJ/ aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunfhapcsifyg
w,f/ tJ'aD emufrmS awmh vdik ;f eHygwf (9)uae (12)txd
rSmawmh tay:rSm zefwD;xm;wJh Button awGukd Button
_Text vdkY ac:a0:&r,fh Label awG xkd;ay;&rSmygyJ/
'gaMumifh
b1=new Button ("North");
b2=new Button ("East");
b3=new Button ("West");
b4=new Button ("South");
qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m Button awG
ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;awGygyJ/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh
vkdif;eHygwf (5) u tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh Label Object
awGudk ac:,ljyD;awmhrS Label Object awG&JU Caption
awGudk a&;om;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmajymp&m&Sdwmuawmh
Label Class &JU Parameter_ arguments ae&mrSm xnhf
a&;&wmygyJ/ Label Class &JU Constructor function
udk ac:oHk;&wmudkawmh taxGtxl; xnhfajymp&m r&Sd
awmhygbl;/ uJ a&;xm;wmudk avhvm MunhMf u&atmif
vm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (13) rSmyg/
L1=new Label ("The Center"); L2=new
Label ("Region");
uJ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh zefwD;xm;wJh Object_Com-
ponent awG u d k panel xJ u d k xnh f o G i f ; ay;&rS m yJ
jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh vdkif;eHygwf(14)rSm-
panel p1=new Panel ( );
qkjd yD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m ouf
qkdif&m object udk panel tvkduf xnhfoGif;rSmjzpfwJh
twGuf tJ'D Code_Line eJY wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ-
p1.add(b1);
qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'Daemuf
rSmvnf; tJ'DvdkygyJ/ oufqkdif&m button awGudk xnfh
oGif;EdkifzdkYtwGuf panel awGudk oufqkdif&mtvdkuf
Object_Name ay;jyD;awmhrS a&;om;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vkdif;eHygwf (15) uae qufvufjyD;awmh vdkif;eHygwf
ar? 2008 173
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
(17) txd[m Panel Class udk ac:,ljyD;awmhrS zefwD;
xm;wJh Button_Object awGudk panel xJudk add vkyf
wmygyJ/ avhvmMunhfvkdufygvm;/ 'DvkdygyJ/ vkdif;
eHygwf (18) rSm ygvmwJh Code_Line [mvnf; P5
qkdwJh Object_Name ay;jyD;awmhrS xyfrH ac:,lvkduf
wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/
3/ 'D panel udk ac:,l toHk;cs&mrSmawmh tay:u
Code_Line awGvdkrsKd; Button awGudk xnhfoGif;zdkY
r[kwfawmhygbl;/ Label awGudk add vkyfzdkYtwGufa&m
jyD;awmh Background Color udk ta&mifjznfo h iG ;f ay;Ekid f
zdYk twGuaf &m &nf&,
G jf yD;awmhrS toH;k cswmygyJ/ [kwjf yD
aemf/ 'gaMumifh tJ'Dvdkif;eHygwf (18) u Code_Line
udk avhvmvdkufygOD;/
P5.SetBackground (color.cyan); p5.add
(L1); p5.add (L2);
uJ 'Dawmh qufavhvmMu&atmifvm;/ tay:u tqifh
qifh zefwD;cJhwJh oufqkdif&m panel awGudk add( ) method
udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS xnhfoGif;ygawmhw,f/ 'gaMumifh vdkif;
eHygwf (20) uae vdkif;eHygwf (22) txd atmufygtwkdif;
a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/
add.(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH); add (p2,
BorderLayout.EAST);
add(p3, BorderLayout.WEST);add(p4,
BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(p5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
'g[m BorderLayout Class udkyg wpfcgwnf; xnfh
oGif;jyD;awmhrS toHk;csxm;wmygyJ/ 'D Class eJY ywfoufjyD;
awmhrS Layout Manager tvkduf &Sif;jycJhjyD;om;yg/ ouf
qkdif&m Constants Value awGudk xnfhoGif;jyD;awmhrS zefwD;
xm;wmygyJ/
Note : Program wpfck a&;om;zefwD;jyDqkd&if con-
stants awG tm;vHk;udk xnhfoGif; toHk;cs&r,fvdkY rqkdvdkyg
bl;aemf/ vdktyfcsuft&om xnhfoGif; toHk;csEkdifygw,f/
Oyrm- NORTH vdkcsif&if NORTH, SOUTH vdkcsif&if
SOUTH ayghaemf/ vdktyfovdk toHk;csEkdifygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (23) rSmawmh Output xGufvm
r,fh Frame_Windows udk ydwfypfvdkY&atmif
174 uGefysLwm*sme,f
addWindowListener(new WinClosing( ));
qkdjyD;awmh a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ tJ'Daemuf
vdik ;f eHygwf (24) rSmawmh Frame_Windows &JU t&G,t f pm;
twGuf vkdif;eHygwf (24) rSm SetBounds ( ) method udk
toH;k csjyD;awmh a&;om;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh vkid ;f eHygwf (25)rSm
awmh-
setVisible(true);
qkjd yD;awmhrS ac:,l toH;k cs a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ vdik ;f eHygwf
(26) rSmawmh constructor function jzpfwJh AWTBorder-
Layout ( ) function udk vmydwfxm;wJh close } brace yg
yJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ vkdif;eHygwf (27) rSmawmh main ( ) function
udk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/
uJ tJ'D main( ) function xJrSmawmh taxGtxl; bm
rQ ryg0ifygbl;/ tay:u zefwD;cJhwJh constructor func-
tion AWTBorderLayout ( ) method udkyJ Object_Name
awtbl qkdjyD;rS ac:,l toHk;csvdkufwmygyJ/ 'gqkd&if Class
udk Object zGUJ vdu k w f meJY wpfjydKifeufwnf;rSm Class &JU con-
structor function ( ) [m tvkdtavsmuf 0ifvmjyD;awmhrS
tvkyfvmvkyfjyDayghaemf/ jyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf (30) uae
vkdif;eHygwf (33) txd a&;om;xm;wJh WinClosing ( )
method uawmh taxGtxl; xyfrH r&Sif;jyawmhygbl;/
Frame_Windows udk ydwaf y;Eki d zf YkdtwGuf System.exit (0);
qkdwJh Code_Line av;yJ yg0ifygw,f/ 'g[m Frame udk
Class & Exit vkyE f ikd zf YkdtwGuyf J jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh uReaf wmf
taeeJY 'D Listing 6.11 u program Code_Line awGeJY
ywfoufjyD;awmh Complex jzpfEikd w f m bmrQr&Sad wmhb;l vdYk yJ
xifygw,f/
'gqkd&ifawmh program Code_Line awGudk Start→
All Programs → Accessories → Notepad xJrSm oGm;jyD;
awmhrS a&;om;vkdufyg/ tJ'DvkdrsKd; Code_Line awG a&;om;
xm;yHu k kd Figure 6.11 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
File udk Save vky& f r,fah e&muawmh C:j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin
qkdwJh Directory atmufrSm oGm;jyD;awmhrS save vkyfrSmygyJ/
ay;&r,fh File_Name uawmh AWTBorderLayout.java
qdkwJh File_Name eJYygyJ/
uJ tJ'DvkdrsKd; File_ Name ay;jyD;awmh Code_File a&;
om;xm;yHkudk avhvmvdkufygOD;/
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
txufrmS azmfjycJw
h hJ command awGukd toH;k jyKjyD;awmh
rS Compile & Run vkyfxm;yHkudk Figure 6.12 rSm a&;om;
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Figure 6.12 Compile & Run of the AWTBorder-

Layout. java

uJ tckazmfjycJhwJh Figure 6.12 utwkdif; Command

Prompt xJrmS Compile & Run vkyv f u
dk &f ifawmh atmufrmS
Figure 6.11 Write the program Code_Line in the azmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; Program Output taeeJYyJ Frame_
Notepad, AWTBorderLayout.java Windows [m vmjyD;awmhrS azmfjyay;aerSmygyJ/ avhvm
Munhfyg/
uJ tck Figure 6.11 utwkid ;f Code_File udk a&;om;
jyD;jyDqkd&ifawmh Start → All Programs → Accessories
→ Command Prompt xJudk 0ifa&mufvdkufyg/

Note : uRefawmfuawmh program Code_Line awGudk

a&;om;jyD;awmhrS Compile & Run vky&f mrSm tqifajyvG,f
ulEkdifapzdkYtwGuf Notepad.exe program short cut &,f?
Command Prompt &JU ShortCut &,fudk Desktop ay:rSm
wifxm;ygw,f/ 'grSom Java Program awGudk Compile
& Run vkyf&mrSm tvG,fwul ac:,l toHk;csvdkY &EkdifrSmaygh Figure 6.13 Running the AWTBorderLayout.java
aemf/ uJ Command Prompt udk oGm;jyD;awmh zGiv hf pS v
f u
kd jf yD
qkdMuygpdkY/ atmufygtwkdif; DIR udk ajymif;vdkufyg/ Com- tckazmfjyxm;wJh Output Frame [mqkd&if Border
mand awGudk a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ Layout Manager udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS AWT Compo-
nents awGeJY aygif;pyftoHk;csxm;wmygyJ/ Frame ay:rSm
cd c:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin ↵ Button_Object (4) ckeJY Label_Object (2) ckwdkYudk Bor-
CLS ↵ derLayout Class udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS Arrangement
uJ atmufygtwkdif; DIR Change vkyfjyD;oGm;jyDqkd&if vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh qufvufjyD;awmhrS AWT
awmh Clear Screen jzpfatmif CLS eJY &Sif;jyD;oGm;jyDqkd&if Components eJY ywfoufwmawGukd qufvufavhvmvdu k f
atmufyg command awGeJY Compile & Run vkyfMuwm Mu&atmifvm;/
ayghaemf/
javac AWTBorderLayout.java ↵
java AWTBorderLayout. ↵ KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

ar? 2008 175